Problems In Children Research Articles

The prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review update and meta-analysis.

Chronic pain, defined as persistent or recurring pain or pain lasting longer than 3 months, is a common childhood problem. The objective of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of chronic pain (ie, overall, headache, abdominal pain, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, multisite/general pain, and other) in children and adolescents. EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for publications between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2023. Studies reporting population-based estimates of chronic nondisease related pain prevalence in children or adolescents (age ≤ 19 years) were included. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on a priori protocol. One hundred nineteen studies with a total of 1,043,878 children (52.0% female, mean age 13.4 years [SD 2.4]) were included. Seventy different countries were represented, with the highest number of data points of prevalence estimates coming from Finland and Germany (n = 19 each, 4.3%). The overall prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents was 20.8%, with the highest prevalence for headache and musculoskeletal pain (25.7%). Overall, and for all types of pain except for back pain and musculoskeletal pain, there were significant differences in the prevalence between boys and girls, with girls having a higher prevalence of pain. There was high heterogeneity (I 2 99.9%). Overall risk of bias was low to moderate. In summary, approximately 1 in 5 children and adolescents experience chronic pain and prevalence varies by pain type; for most types, there is higher pain prevalence among girls than among boys. Findings echo and expand upon the systematic review conducted in 2011.

Weight status changes from childhood to adulthood were associated with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.

Few studies have assessed the association between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood using national Chinese data. We included 649 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009 and divided them into four groups by their body mass index from 6 to 37 years of age. They were selected using multistage random cluster sampling from 15 areas with large variations in economic and social development. Poisson regression models assessed associations between weight status changes and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. The risk of multiple abnormal cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood was increased in the 126 subjects with normal weight in childhood but overweight or obesity in adulthood and the 28 with obesity at both ages, compared to the 462 with normal weight at both ages. There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the 33 who had weight issues as children, but not as adults, had an increased risk. Being overweight or obese in both childhood and adulthood or during adulthood only increased the risk of abnormal cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Larger studies need to investigate whether weight problems in childhood, but not adulthood, increase the risk.

Parental Knowledge, Beliefs, Practices, and Barriers Related to Children's Bladder Health in the School Environment.

Pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a set of common childhood problems. Community-level interventions that target behavioral change among children with LUTS can improve symptoms outside of the clinic environment. Parents, navigating the home and school environments, are key in supporting healthy bladder behaviors. Thus, we asked parents about their perceptions and barriers related to pediatric bladder health. English-speaking parents (n = 30) of children ages 5-10 years with and without LUTS were interviewed. Transcripts were coded iteratively by two independent coders using deductive and inductive approaches that emphasized consensus coding and peer debriefing. Ninety-three percent of participants were women, 50% were 30-39 years old, and 60% held a graduate degree. Parents identified school-, classroom-, and child-based barriers to bladder health. These included the bathroom environment, restrictive policies for bathroom use, and anxiety on how and when to use the bathroom. Addressing school-, classroom-, and child-based barriers is necessary to promote healthy bladder habits among children in the school environment and beyond. Recommended school-based interventions include bathroom use and sanitation policies that support students' voiding needs, teachers' professional development, and school readiness initiatives. Limitations include participation of English-speaking parents only.

Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Detection of Vision Problems in Children among School Teachers in Selected Schools

Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Detection of Vision Problems in Children among School Teachers in Selected Schools

Parenting Stress in Autistic and ADHD Children: Implications of Social Support and Child Characteristics.

High levels of parenting stress have been detected in mothers of children with Autism (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comparing with mothers of typically developing (TD) children. The current study explored the implications of social support (confidant and affective support) and child characteristics (emotional, behavioral and sleep problems) on parenting stress in ASD and ADHD. Furthermore, the differences between mothers of children with autism, ADHD and TD on the studied variables were examined.A total of 120 mothers of 30 TD children, 47 with ASD without intellectual disability and 43 with ADHD collaborated in the study. Significant differences were found between clinical and TD groups in parenting stress, social support, and child characteristics.Correlation analysis in the group with ADHD revealed that parental stress correlated significantly with social support and with children's emotional problems. In the ASD group, parental stress also correlated significantly with children's sleep and behavioral problems. Moreover, multiple regressions showed that confidant support was a significant predictor of parenting stress in both clinical groups.The findings provide new insights to consider social support as a fundamental part of treatments for parenting stress in mothers of children with ASD and ADHD.

Fearlessness as an Underlying Mechanism Leading to Conduct Problems: Testing the INTERFEAR Model in a Community Sample in Spain.

Conduct problems (CP) in childhood and adolescence have a significant impact on the individual, family, and community. To improve treatment for CP, there is a need to improve the understanding of the developmental pathways leading to CP in boys and girls. Prior research has linked the child's fearlessness and callous-unemotional (CU) traits, as well as experiences of parental warmth and punitive parenting, to CP. However, few studies have tested the interplay of these factors in contributing to future CP development. The present study aimed to test the InterFear model, which suggests that fearlessness in early childhood leads to CP through an indirect pathway involving low positive parenting, high negative/punitive parenting, and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The sample included 2467 Spanish children (48.1% girls; Mage = 4.25; SD = 0.91), followed up across a five-year period. Besides a direct association between fearlessness in early childhood and future CP, the results found an indirect pathway whereby fearlessness reduces positive parenting and increases punitive parenting, which contributes to the development of CU traits and sets the stage for CP in later childhood. The specific indirect effect from fearlessness to CP via CU traits accounted for most of the variance, suggesting the existence of a temperamental pathway independent of parental variables. Further, two additional indirect pathways, exclusive of fearlessness, were identified, which started with low parental warmth and positive parenting, leading to CP via CU traits. These findings support the InterFear model, demonstrating multiple pathways to CP with the involvement of fearlessness, parenting practices, and CU traits. This model might play a pivotal role in the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies for CP.

Paternal and Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Sensitivity: Links with Trajectories of Socioemotional Problems in Toddlerhood.

Parental depressive symptoms and sensitivity have well-documented consequences for children; however, studies considering both parents are still scarce. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the respective roles of paternal and maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity in predicting the development of child socioemotional problems during toddlerhood. We also investigated the buffering role of each parent's sensitivity in the associations between the other parent's depressive symptoms and toddlers' socioemotional problems. The sample consisted of 140 Canadian families who were visited in their homes when children were around 13 (T1), 19 (T2), and 27 (T3) months of age. At T1, both parents' sensitivity was assessed from observations of parent-child interactions at home and each parent reported on his or her own depressive symptoms. At T1, T2, and T3, maternal and paternal perceptions of their toddler's socioemotional problems were assessed and aggregated. Growth curve analyses revealed that paternal and maternal depressive symptoms as well as paternal sensitivity were unique and persistent predictors of child socioemotional problems and that sensitive fathering acted as a buffer in the context of maternal depressive symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering both parents when studying risk and protective factors for young children's socioemotional problems.

Interventions to Reduce Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review with a Narrative Synthesis

Child maltreatment has been a prominent topic on the political agenda for the past decade. However, while there are several types of interventions that can potentially benefit the prevention of child maltreatment, uncertainties remain regarding the transferability of these interventions to different contexts and their overall impact. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review of intervention studies aimed at preventing child maltreatment. We searched for studies published between 2016 and 2021, using predefined keywords from various bibliographical databases including PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Social Care Online, Web of Science, and ASSIA. The initial literature search yielded 3221 studies based on titles and abstracts, after removing duplicates. Out of these, 251 studies were screened based on full texts, resulting in the selection of 56 studies that met our inclusion criteria and were retained for extraction and analysis. The screening and data extraction processes were conducted by at least two independent reviewers. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, we performed a narrative synthesis and categorized the 56 studies based on intervention type, control condition, outcomes, effects and quality. The results indicated that most of the studies employed individual randomization, with the control group most often receiving treatment as usual. Home visiting programs and educational interventions emerged as the most prevalent types of interventions. The review also demonstrated that a significant number of the included studies reported positive effects on one or more outcomes, such as indicators of maltreatment, suboptimal parenting practices, and problematic child behaviors. While nearly one-third of the studies did not report an effect size, those that did reported varying types of effect sizes. Additionally, only a few studies met the assessed quality criteria.

Difficult Toddler Temperament - Prevalence and Associated Factors at 18-Month Follow-Up of a Birth Cohort.

Difficult temperament coupled with other risk factors may lead to mental health problems in childhood and have long-lasting effects in adolescence and adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament in toddlers and identify significant factors associated with individual and family-level sociodemographic risk factors. The prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament was derived from items in the 18-month follow-up questionnaire within the Watch Me Grow (WMG) longitudinal birth cohort study in a multicultural and socioeconomically disadvantaged community in Sydney, Australia. Data was available for 500 children and their parents. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the participant characteristics and the prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament, whereas multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess significant risk factors associated with a difficult temperament. Parental perception of difficult temperament in the cohort was 7.3% (n = 492). Findings of the multivariable logistic regression showed that screen time >2 hours a day (AOR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9), child not being read to (AOR 3.92, 95% CI: 1.8, 8.5), and family history of mental health problems (AOR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.5) significantly increased the odds of having a difficult temperament. Toddlers with difficult temperament were less likely to have received stimulatory experiences, and their families were more likely to be under greater stress. The findings emphasize the importance of parental support and anticipatory guidance in promoting nurturing care to facilitate child health and development, particularly in disadvantaged communities.

Backgrounds and perspectives of San Antonio street sleepers

BackgroundThe question of what brings someone to homelessness and keeps them there has many varied and complex answers. The authors believe the answers lie within the persons experiencing homelessness (PEH). MethodsThis is an interpretive approach study based on convenience sampling of the San Antonio, TX, unsheltered population, utilizing semi-structured interviews from January 2022 through November 2022. ResultsThe six most common themes that emerged from the subjects’ backgrounds were 1) jail or prison time or other personally significant legal issues; 2) personal substance abuse or addiction struggles; 3) physical and mental health challenges as an adult; 4) disdain of shelters and preference for rough sleeping; 5) a problematic childhood; 6) did not enjoy school as a child or young adult. ConclusionTo gain more insight into a situation as complex as the state of homelessness, researchers should meet with those on the frontline of this epidemic and hear first-hand their personal histories, challenges, successes, and suggestions. Though not a novel approach, the researchers found limited previous literature in regard to approach, scope and in relation of causation related to homelessness, especially about the U.S. unsheltered population. The ultimate goal is for such research to help guide outreach services and legislation related to PEH.

부모의 심리적 통제가 아동의 공격성에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to improve parents' understanding of children's problem behavior and to present effective counseling intervention plans by selecting major environmental and personal factors that affect children's relational and overt aggression. Methods The effect of parents' psychological control on children's relational and overt aggression was verified through the mediating effect of moral disengagement and emotion regulation. PCS-YSR, relational and overt aggression scale, and emotion regulation scale were used for 684 students in 4th to 6th grades at 5 elementary schools in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do. The collected data were analyzed for correlation between measurement variables using SPSS 23.0. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to verify the mediation effect between variables. Results First, there was a significant positive correlations between parents' psychological control and children's relational and overt aggression, and moral disengagement. On the other hand, there was significant negative correlations in emotion regulation and the other variables. Second, it was found that parents' psychological control affects children's relational and overt aggression, and moral disengagement is partially mediated. Third, it was found that parents' psychological control affects children's relational and overt aggression, and their emotion regulation is partially mediated. Conclusions As a result of this study, the influence of psychological control of fathers and mothers on children's relational and overt aggression was confirmed, and the mediating effect of moral disengagement and emotion regulation was verified. These findings can provide basic data for child counseling and parent education programs that can alleviate children's relational and overt aggression.

유아 기질의 부정적 정서성과 수줍음이 취학 전 유아의 학습준비도에 미치는 종단적 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine whether the negative emotionality and shyness of 3-year-old children's temperament have a longitudinal effect on the school readiness of 5-year-old preschool children mediated by sleep problems one year later. Methods Data from 1,415 households in the 5th (2012), 6th (2013), and 7th (2014) years of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education were used. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the descriptive statistics and relationships of the main research variables, and structural equation models were analyzed to determine the paths between the variables. Bootstrapping was also conducted to test the significance of the indirect effects. Results It has been found that the negative emotionality of 3-year-old children's temperament not only directly influences the school readiness of preschool children at the age of 5, but also indirectly affects their readiness through mediating the sleeping patterns of children. However, while shyness has a direct impact on preschool children's readiness for learning two years later, its indirect effect was found to be insignificant. Conclusions This study confirmed the longitudinal effects of the negative emotionality and shyness of 3-year-old children's temperament and the children's sleep problems one year later in explaining the school readiness of 5-year-old preschool children. These results can be used to raise the importance of sleep in early childhood and to develop a range of measures to support children's readiness to learn based on their temperament.

교사의 유아 문제행동에 대한 인식 및 지도상의 어려움에 관한 질적 메타분석

This study examined the difficulties in the perception and guidance of problematic behavior experienced by teachers in the field of early childhood teaching, through a qualitative meta-analysis. Apropos this, 10 qualitative studies related to children’s problem behaviors were analyzed. The following results were obtained. First, early childhood teachers faced problem behaviors expressed in various aspects of their daily lives. Second, in guiding problem behaviors, teachers experienced both positive and negative aspects. Third, early childhood teachers experienced dilemmas in the relationship between parents and fellow teachers in the process of guiding problem behaviors. Fourth, efforts to improve the professionalism of early childhood teachers and the necessity of linking experts to teachers are recognized as future tasks to support early childhood problem behavior. Based on these results, implications for guiding problem behavior in the field of early childhood education are discussed.

Challenges to implementation of IMNCI strategy in First Level Care Facilities.

Objective: To assess IMNCI implementation strategy and identify challenges towards effective implementation in first level care facilities of district Jamshoro. Methodology: This mixed method research was carried out from Jan 2020 to March 2020 at Rural Health Centers (RHC) in District Jamshoro using semi-structured, pre-tested, written questionnaires after taking due approval and written informed consent from respondents. The respondents (representing different cadres of healthcare providers i.e., medical officers (male & female), lady health workers (LHWs), vaccinators, pharmacists and 13 administrative staff. The data obtained (pertaining to perception and views regarding IMNCI implementation and availability of relevant logistics for service provision) was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 for windows. Results: The mean age of the sample stood at 42 (SD ± 4) years with a majority comprising of male, dispensing/nursing staff with a mean work experience of 13.2 years (SD ± 1.1) Pneumonia was deemed the commonest childhood problem by most respondents, followed by malaria and others uniformly across all catchments. The understanding regarding IMNCI was common (despite the absence of formal training) yet often, the strategies were not implemented while caring for children. Conclusion: Effective implementation is a seldom sight with many challenges, including but not limited to shortage of human resource and a rather limited supply of medicines. Thus, efforts must be dedicated at ensuring an ample human resource and a consistent supply of necessary medication. Keywords: IMNCI, Childhood Illness, Neonatal Illness, Integrated Management, Primary care facility.

Features of speech disorders in children with epileptic encephalopathies

Introduction. Speech disorders are a common problem in childhood. Speech disorders of various types are, in particular, the most common complications of epilepsy.
 Objective. The clinical manifestations of speech disorders in children with epileptic encephalopathies were studied.
 Materials and methods. The study included eighty nine children with epileptic encephalopathies. All patients underwent a detailed study of the anamnesis of life and disease, assessment of neurological and somatic, analysis of the semiotics of seizures, assessment of the therapy received, articulatory praxis, phonemic perception, game activity, expressive speech, impressive speech.
 Results. Speech in the examined patients had the character of a gross violation after the stage of normal development (37.1%), speech development delay was noted in 38.2% of patients from birth. Phonemic perception was impaired in 73 (82.0%) patients, a violation of articulatory praxis was detected in 63 (70.8%) patients, coherent speech was not formed in 78 (87.6%) patients, play activity did not correspond to the age of the child in 50 ( 56.2%) cases, violation of the account was detected in 69 (77.5%) patients, violation of sound pronunciation was observed in 30 (33.7%) patients. 
 Conclusion. Articulatory apraxia and motor alalia are the most common types of speech disorders in children with epileptic encephalopathies.

Dimensions of caregiver strain may partially mediate the relationship between youth symptomology and counseling utilization among Latinxs.

Whether Latinx families use youth mental health services (MHS) depends on complex influences of barriers and facilitators within and outside of the home. This research sought to shed light on caregiver strain as part of the equation focused on parental identification and responses to youth mental health needs. We examined multiple dimensions of caregiver strain as potential mediators between youth mental health symptom severity and psychological counseling utilization. The present sample consisted of 598 Latinx caregivers to youths ages 6-18 who provided information on youth internalizing and externalizing problems, caregiver strain, and youth psychological counseling service utilization within the last year. Our findings suggest that youth symptom severity (internalizing and externalizing problems) was generally positively associated with dimensions of caregiver strain. Youth symptom severity through objective and subjective internalized strain pathways were associated with greater odds of youth MHS utilization. In contrast, youth symptom severity through subjective externalized strain reduced the odds that Latinx caregivers would report utilizing youth MHS. These models only partially mediated the relationship between youth problems and service use. Findings suggest that Latinx caregivers may navigate conflicting sources of strain related to their child's mental health problem severity in ways that may differentially impact the odds that they access youth MHS. Along with addressing structural and systemic barriers to care, utilization of psychological counseling services may also be improved through interventions that help Latinx caregivers view youth services as avenues for addressing caregiver strain and providing psychoeducation that frames externalized strain within a mental health lens.

Child behavioral problems and parental adjustment: Family, interparental, and parent-child processes as simultaneous mediators.

This study examined the associations of child behavioral problems with parental adjustment and whether family processes mediated such associations. Cross-sectional data were collected from the fathers, mothers, and class teachers of 186 kindergarten-aged children with special educational needs from Hong Kong, China (mean age = 61.6 months, and 136 of them were boys). Using questionnaires, parents reported their children's behavioral problems and their own adjustment and family processes. Meanwhile, class teachers rated children's behavioral problems. Multigroup analyses supported a mediation model that was invariant across fathers and mothers. Controlling for child and family demographic information, child behavioral problems were linked positively to parental depression and negatively to parental life satisfaction. Moreover, the link of child behavioral problems with parental depression was fully mediated by family economic pressures, marital conflict, and parent-child conflict, whereas the link of child behavioral problems with parental life satisfaction was fully mediated by family economic pressures and marital conflict. Theoretically, our findings pointed to the importance of considering multiple family processes in understanding the relationship between child characteristics and parental well-being among families with children with special educational needs. Practically, our findings highlighted the possible utility of equipping fathers and mothers of children with special educational needs with skills to reduce children's problem behaviors, cope with financial hardship, and manage marital and parent-child conflict. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A New Hybrid Optimization Algorithm to Solve the Clustering Problem

: This paper presents a novel hybrid technique, merging the K-means algorithm with Genetic Algorithm (GA), aiming to enhance clustering performance. This approach leverages the strengths of both algorithms, enabling improved cluster generation by overcoming individual algorithmic limitations. The GA-KM algorithm is introduced to aid K-means in avoiding local optima, with GA exhibiting proficiency in determining optimal cluster initialization and parameter optimization. The focus is on developing a GA-based algorithm for generating high-quality clusters efficiently. Notably, the research explores the application of this hybrid approach to address issues in the educational domain, specifically for out-of-school children. The fitness function in GA is tailored to the problem area, emphasizing the need for an appropriate system to study and address school children's problems. The research proposes a hybrid algorithm (KM-GA-NM-PSO) that amalgamates the best features of existing algorithms, thereby overcoming individual limitations and promising superior results. This hybridization is expected to yield high-quality clusters with minimal function evaluations, outperforming other methods by producing clusters with small standard deviations on selected datasets. The proposed approach, combining KM, GA, NM, and PSO algorithms, demonstrates improved data clustering quality and algorithmic efficiency.

Mother-Infant Interaction and Maternal Postnatal Psychological Distress Associate with Child's Social-Emotional Development During Early Childhood: A FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.

We studied the effects of mother-infant interaction and maternal pre- and postnatal psychological distress on children's social-emotional problems and competences, as well as whether interaction quality moderates the association between distress and children's outcomes. Maternal pre- and postnatal psychological distress were measured using the SCL and EPDS questionnaires, whereas mother-infant interaction was measured when the child was 8months old using the EA Scales. Children's social-emotional development was measured using the BITSEA questionnaire at 2years old and using the SDQ questionnaire at 4years old, where higher maternal structuring was associated with fewer social-emotional problems in children and higher maternal sensitivity was associated with greater social-emotional competence in children at 2years old. Further, higher postnatal distress was found associated with greater social-emotional problems at 2years old, though neither these effects nor moderating effects at 4years old were observed after multiple-comparison corrections. Our findings support direct associations of both mother-infant interaction and maternal postnatal psychological distress with children's social-emotional development during toddlerhood.

PERAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN MENTAL REMAJA

Mental health is a state of well-being in which a person is able to endure the rest of life, work well, and affect society. Mental health does not only mean the absence of mental disorders, but also includes a person's ability to manage their emotions, social and interpersonal relationships, and adapt to change. Conflict in the family can affect children's behavior and mental health, because the family is the closest place for a child. What children see and hear often runs in the family. Therefore, it is a good thing that family activities and the child's personality, behavior and health are influenced by what their parents see and hear. Mental disorders are still common in Indonesia, and it needs to be addressed more, because it is the young generation who will be the children and grandchildren of the country one day. If a teenager has a mental health problem and is left untreated, the child's mental health problem will persist and hinder their development. The purpose of this research is to find out the prevalence of mental health problems among teenagers today, the factors that affect them, and how the family can affect the mental health of teenagers in Indonesia. As you said, the role of the family in supporting children's mental health is very important, because parents are the main source of income for children. They can provide emotional support, create a safe environment, and help children develop problem-solving and social skills. By understanding the role of the family environment, we can better understand how to improve the mental health of the younger generation.