Identification Of Problems Research Articles

Harnessing the Power of ML/AI: Transforming Data into Actionable Insights

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become game-changing technologies transforming how businesses glean insights from massive amounts of data. This in-depth article examines the core ideas, practical applications, and implementation techniques of ML/AI in various industries. The article discusses the crucial elements of strategic implementation, such as problem identification, data preparation, and model development lifecycles, while examining the progress of machine learning methodologies from supervised and unsupervised to deep learning. It delves further into the key instruments and technologies advancing machine learning, emphasizing the value of strong frameworks and effective data processing infrastructure. The article illustrates the observable effects of ML/AI deployment with thorough case studies from the retail, financial services, and healthcare industries. The article's conclusion examines new developments in explainable AI, edge AI, federated learning, and autoML, offering predictions for their future.

Anterior Staphyloma (Right eye) with Phthisis bulbi (Left eye): A case report

Background Staphyloma is a clinical condition characterized by an ectasia of the outer coats of the eye with an incarceration of the uveal tissue.[1] Phthisis bulbi is an end-stage clinical condition occurring due to severe eye injury or disease damage which leads to scarring, inflammation, atrophy and finally disorganization of globe and intraocular contents. [3,4] Case presentation A 16 years old boy presented in the OPD with protusion of the eyeball (right eye) and shrunken left eye which is present since birth. He had history of trauma to right eye with stick 5 years back following which he complains of further increase in size of the eyeball to attain the present size. His chief complaint was pain in right eye. SLE showed anterior staphyloma (right eye) along with mild congestion, mild blepharitis and pannus. Perception of light was present in right eye. Left eye findings were suggestive of pthisis bulbi with calcification, narrowing of palpebral aperture. The left eye was sightless, sizeless, shapeless and perception of light is negative in left eye. Conclusion Early identification of ophthalmological problems in infancy & prompt intervention is mandatory for anterior staphyloma. A comprehensive evaluation of the risk factors, control of ocular comorbid conditions, and an early and meticulous surgery can optimize results.

Mobile Application with Artificial Intelligence Chatbots for Dengue Information and Management

Dengue fever has intensified in recent years, affecting millions, with an estimated 100 to 400 million people yearly; approximately 80% of these cases have been reported in the Americas. This develops a prototype of a mobile application that includes artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots for dengue management and information. The design thinking methodology was applied, which was useful due to its focus on user needs, allowing the identification of key problems in dengue management and the design of innovative and functional solutions. The results were validated by experts using criteria such as technology, innovation, and feasibility with an average score of 4.26 and users using criteria such as functionality, usability, and accessibility with an average score of 4.28, showing a high level of acceptance. This tool has the potential to improve early disease detection, facilitating data collection and real-time interaction with patients. Through the use of AI, the application aims to optimize case management, reduce serious complications, and support health systems in at-risk areas.

A Methodological Approach to Measuring the Impact of TAK-003 for the Prevention of Dengue in Dourados, Brazil: Optimizing Strategies for Public Health

Background/Objectives: Takeda’s tetravalent dengue vaccine TAK-003 has been approved by the Brazilian regulatory agency ANVISA for dengue disease prevention in individuals aged 4 to 60 years. Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, became the world’s first city to implement a mass vaccination campaign targeting approximately 120,000 individuals. An ongoing collaborative, observational, population-based study using national surveillance and vaccination data was planned to measure the impact of the vaccine on the reduction in dengue incidence. Methods: In this manuscript, the study’s methodology, including its programmatic steps and public health relevance, is described. A collaborative assessment with multidisciplinary researchers in Brazil was conducted to identify key programmatic areas for the successful implementation of the study. These areas included feasibility and site selection assessment, methodology selection, vaccination program implementation, and public health importance. Results/Conclusions: Identification of the public health problem and understanding the disease burden, local healthcare infrastructure, and strategic partnerships were critical for a robust feasibility assessment. One of the feasibility criteria identified was the ability of the Dourados Municipal Health Secretary and the principal investigator to conduct an active vaccination campaign, utilizing extramural activities and diverse communication channels to increase vaccine acceptance and coverage. The selection of analytical methods, such as time series analysis, was dependent on the national and local structures of the databases and data availability.

The lived experience of women studying nursing online in regional, rural and remote areas: an integrative literature review

BackgroundThere is a critical shortage of registered nurses working in regional, rural and remote Australia. It is the people from these areas that are most likely to address this shortage. This research therefore sets out to explore the question “what is known about the experiences of regional, rural and remote Australian women undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing program delivered online?”.MethodsThe methodology was an integrative literature review which included: 1) problem identification, 2) literature search, 3) data evaluation, 4) data analysis and 5) conclusion. Articles identified as part of the review explored different aspects of the research question.ResultsUsing thematic analysis, it was possible to extrapolate four interrelating themes: (1) juggling ‘women’s work’ and study, (2) the online learning environment is isolating, (3) the cost of clinical placement, and (4) maintaining overall wellness while studying.ConclusionThe literature consistently failed to explore the intersection of the complex challenges facing these students. What is important about this integrative literature review, however, is that the themes identified provide a small and incomplete insight into the experiences of such women, and with a workforce shortage already in play and students continuing to withdraw from their studies, there is a need to find a way to better serve regional, rural and remote Bachelor of Nursing students and their communities.

Analisis Biaya Dalam Perancangan Ulang Alat Pemotong Kripik Singkong Dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Dan Efisiensi Studi Kasus : UMKM Kripik Cassava

This study aims to design a cassava chip-cutting machine to increase production capacity and efficiency at the MSME in Bumi Ayu Village, Malang City. Manual cutting results in long working hours and uneven slices. The research methodology includes surveys, problem identification, tool design, testing, and cost and productivity analysis. The findings show that the new tool can speed up cutting, increase production capacity, and meet consumer demand. Before the new tool, cutting productivity was 1.248 kg per hour, with a total of 3.125 kg per day. After implementing the new tool, cutting capacity is expected to increase by 50%, cutting time reduced by 40%, and total production output increased from 170 kg to 255 kg per week. The cost analysis shows a reduction in operational costs and a faster return on investment. This study proves that the new cutting tool can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance the competitiveness of MSMEs in the market. Keywords: Cost Analysis, Cassava Chips, Productivity Analysis, Tool Design

디지털리터러시 역량 함양을 위한 초등학교 특수학급 국어 수업 실행 연구: 놀이 중심 교육법을 중심으로

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences and meanings derived by students with disabilities in a special education class, where a play-centered educational approach was applied to enhance digital literacy skills. Methods To achieve the research objective, the researcher utilized the action research method. This study employed the action research procedures of problem identification, implementation, reflection, revision, and re-implementation. In this context, the special education teacher and four special education students served as the researcher and research observers. Results Initially, by applying a play-centered educational approach to foster digital literacy skills, students could easily engage in lessons using digital devices. The conclusions drawn from the action research process in the Korean language class for the special education class, which incorporated elements of the play-centered educational approach, are as follows. To begin with, this study was able to address and improve issues identified in the school setting through action research. Moreover, the conclusions based on the experiences and meanings of students participating in the Korean language class, which applied elements of the play-centered educational approach to enhance digital literacy skills, are as follows. Firstly, students were able to gain experience in using digital devices. Additionally, students could create new content using digital devices. Furthermore, students showed interest in digital devices and demonstrated an active attitude during lessons. Conclusions The results of this study will be prepared to seek ways to cultivate digital devices in Korean classes using the play-centered education method of disabled students in Korean language class using the play center education law.

Development and Validation of Child Observation Checklist for Early Screening of Young Children with Special Needs.

Background: Families with young children with developmental disabilities often express concerns about delays in the identification of these and extended waiting times for obtaining assessments, learning support, and rehabilitation services. The identification process must and can be enhanced if preschool teachers have instrumental measures to detect early-stage developmental disabilities and adjustment difficulties in preschool children and, if necessary, to provide these children with prompt and effective support services. Aims: The aim with this study was to develop and validate a screening checklist for teachers to detect developmental delays and adjustment difficulties in Chinese preschool children in Hong Kong. Methods: The participants included 1085 children aged two to six years (including 365 children who were receiving rehabilitation services at the time of the study) and their preschool teachers. The teachers were requested to complete the screening checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: The results of the Rasch and Confirmatory Factor Analyses supported the unidimensionality of the checklist, with the validated version consisting of fifteen items and five factors. The checklist score was negatively correlated with children's behavioral problems and effectively differentiated children of different ages and between children receiving and not receiving rehabilitation services. The reliability estimates (internal consistency and test-retest) of this revised checklist were above 0.70. Conclusions: The 15-item checklist is a promising screening instrument for the identification of developmental disabilities and adjustment problems among Chinese preschool children. The use of the checklist has accelerated access to rehabilitation services for children and family caregivers.

Vehicle log automation and accessibility in cloud computings

Traditionally, the so-called Automotive Embedded Computing has been applied for safety purposes. Subsequently, with the advent of entertainment technologies and the Internet, Automotive Embedded Computing started to be applied in a wide range of functionalities. Among the advances in this area is the On-Board Diagnostic Interface – OBD, whose main functionality is to take the information from the Electronic Control Units – ECU to the external environment. Initially, this interface allowed the identification of problems, based on standardized error codes, only for external devices. Later, with the advancement of other technologies, such as Smartphones and Cloud Computing, new applications for data collected through the OBD interface emerged. In this context, the present research was developed considering the current trends of Automotive Embedded Computing and the importance and advances in the use of On-Board Diagnosis. The objectives of this research are to obtain codes of anomalies, collected in the Electronic Control Units – ECU of the vehicle, through the OBD interface, its storage in a cloud database, and eventual consultations and subsequent analyses. Thus, a solution consisting of four applications and a database was developed to test the feasibility of exploring a large set of operational vehicle data, storing them in the cloud, and which could be used for different purposes, but above all, would allow a fast and consistent evolution of new vehicle designs. After the development of the software suite, several tests were carried out, and the solution proved viable for the fulfillment of the proposed objective.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pembelajaran SMP Nurul Islam Tanahbaya dengan Metode Agile Scrum

This study aims to design and develop a learning management system (LMS) at SMP Nurul Islam Tanahbaya using the Agile Scrum methodology. The developed system aims to enhance the effectiveness of the learning process by facilitating digital interaction between students and teachers and by providing an integrated platform for learning management. This study involves several stages, starting with problem identification, data collection, verification of needs and issues, Scrum process and development, testing, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Agile Scrum method in the development of the LMS at SMP Nurul Islam Tanahbaya can improve development completion time and produce a system that meets the needs. This LMS features functionalities such as chats, material management, assignments, announcements, discussion forums, assessments, surveys, and recommendations. The Learning Management System (LMS) developed for SMP Nurul Islam Tanahbaya has been tested using blackbox testing methods. The results of the blackbox testing show that the system is valid and capable of performing all expected tasks effectively. Therefore, the developed LMS is expected to significantly contribute to improving the quality of learning at SMP Nurul Islam Tanahbaya and support a more effective and efficient educational process.

Uncovering the implicit dimensions of empathy in architectural design: seeing through empathy

ABSTRACT This article examines the implicit dimensions of empathy in the early architectural design process, utilizing think-aloud protocols to reveal how designers engage empathically with their creations. Grounded in early 20th-century empathy theories, phenomenological philosophy, and design cognition, we developed the ‘Feeling AS’ empathy framework, which identifies three core modes of empathy: (1) user, (2) space, and (3) movement. Analysis of design protocols demonstrates how empathy shapes design thinking, influences problem reframing, and uncovers spatial affordances tied to user embodiment. Empathy contributes to the design process in two key ways. First, it aids in problem identification, ideation, and a deep understanding of users’ needs during the conceptual stage. Second, empathy enables designers to refine design solutions by revisiting decisions and reframing problems from the users’ perspective as the process evolves. The study portrays empathy as a perceptual and reflective tool, akin to sketching, that facilitates diverse perspectives and establishes embodied connections with users and spaces. We frame this process as ‘seeing through empathy,’ encompassing empathic framing, spatial affordances, and embodiment. This research broadens the scope of empathy research to include spatial dimensions, emphasizing its inherent role and extending it beyond conscious strategies to become an embedded aspect of the creative process.

Machine Learning-Based Approach for the Gambling Problem Identification

Machine Learning-Based Approach for the Gambling Problem Identification

Designing an Android-Based Teacher Attendance System to Improve The Quality of Learning in Vocational High Schools

This service aims to overcome problems in attendance management at SMK PGRI Sumber Pucung, which is currently still using a manual system, so it can potentially cause recording errors, time inefficiencies, and the risk of data loss during the archiving process. Therefore, as a solution to the existing problem, an Android-based attendance system was developed, where the method applied is the waterfall method, with the implementation carried out in stages starting from problem identification to system evaluation. The results of the service show that the system has succeeded in increasing the efficiency of daily attendance recording time by 66.67% and increasing the recording accuracy by up to 80%, so that this android-based attendance system can overcome problems in manual attendance management at SMK PGRI Sumber Pucung, and can be implemented as a solution to help the school administration process. Attendance system testing shows effective performance and runs well across various platforms. In the admin dashboard test, the test on the student attendance application from 3 test scenarios was successfully carried out as expected, then the test on the student attendance application consisting of 6 scenarios was also successfully carried out according to expectations. Functional testing on the web browser, admin dashboard, and functional testing on the teacher attendance application which has the same scenario, totaling 14, was successfully carried out according to expectations. Testing on the student attendance application that has 4 scenarios was successfully carried out according to expectations.

On the issue of the legal status of the payer of the tax on professional income

The relevance of the article is determined by the study of the status of the payer of the tax on professional income - the subject of the application of a special tax regime. The analysis of the status of a legal entity involves: its characteristics in the field of civil, tax and other legal relations; the specifics of its payment of insurance premiums, participation in state and municipal procurement, procurement of certain types of legal entities; identification of law enforcement problems and analysis of development prospects.The purpose is to identify potential opportunities for realizing the status of a payer of professional income tax at the present stage.Metodology. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of general scientific and special legal research methods, the use of which will ensure a logically consistent and systematic study of the legal status of a taxpayer of professional income tax.Results. The study revealed: features of registration of professional income tax payers, their payment of tax, insurance premiums, participation in state (municipal) procurement, as well as other elements of status; distinguishing features of the legal status of professional income tax payers and individual entrepreneurs.Conclusions. With the introduction of amendments to the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", the legal status of the taxpayer of the professional income tax was institutionalized, legalized as an economic entity, which made it possible for them to receive subsidies, provide other measures of state support, and participate more actively in state (municipal) procurement. It has been proven that engaging in certain types of activities and concluding a social contract are directly related to the acquisition of official status, including the status of an economic entity

Identification, classification, and documentation of drug related problems in community pharmacy practice in Europe: a scoping review.

Drug-related problems (DRPs) are significant issues in healthcare contributing to adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare costs. While community pharmacists play a pivotal role in identifying, classifying, and documenting DRPs, there is a need to map approaches undertaken. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the approaches to identifying, classifying, and documenting DRPs in community pharmacies in Europe, and their associated barriers and facilitators. The scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search was conducted across 11 databases from inception until March 2023. Studies of all designs reporting DRPs in European community pharmacies were included. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently by two researchers, followed by data extraction and synthesis. The search yielded 67 relevant studies. Forty-eight studies described approaches to DRP identification as predominantly relying on professional knowledge and computer software. The classification methods, described in 41 studies, varied with reports of predefined systems and computer-generated classifications. Documentation approaches were described in 53 studies and were primarily computer-based. Facilitators included electronic support systems, pharmacist experience, while barriers encompassed the complexity of classification as well as variations in training, IT solutions, operational structures, and implementation. There is a lack of a standardized approach to identifying, classifying, and documenting DRPs in European community pharmacies. A framework for pharmacist education and a time-saving approach to documenting DRPs consistently could serve to overcome the barriers to their identification and documentation. Furthermore, the implementation of a standardised approach to classifying DRPs could facilitate comparison of the management of DRPs across Europe.

Economic empowerment of coastal female farmers on the north coast of Java through implementing CSR program

Abstract Women play an essential part in development, but their role is often neglected. The attempt to economically engage women is one surviving strategy for the coastal people identical to poverty. Ironically, women’s participation in economic activity is still so low that an initiative for women’s empowerment is needed, just like the 5th point of the Sustainable Development Goals. Corporation, through CSR programs, contributes to realizing women’s empowerment. This research aimed to analyze the process of women’s empowerment through CSR programs. The qualitative research with a case study approach took place on the north coast of Java, precisely in Pangkalan Village, Sluke Sub District, Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were gathered by conducting in-depth interviews with female farmers, agricultural extensionists, village government officers, and community development officers of PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Rembang (Rembang Service Unit of PT. PLN Nusantara Power) was supported by data resulting from observation and documentation. Research showed that empowerment was carried out by organizing women in a farmer group through planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Planning was carried out through problem identification, potency, and target need mapping. The implementation involved facilitating the improvement of human resources through training and comparative studies, group development, and the provision of facilities and access to marketing. Monitoring and evaluation were held periodically throughout the group’s routine meetings. In conclusion, the CSR program can positively change women’s improved economic innovation, supported by synergic collaboration among stakeholders.

Use of a drug-related problem oriented medical record in the medication review of critically ill patients - Randomized clinical trial.

The identification and reduction of drug-related problems (DRPs) through DRP-oriented medical records during the hospitalization of critically impatients can optimize health indicators, such as length of hospital stay. To determine the effect of medical records focused on drug-related problems on the duration of stay for patients in intensive care units. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with patients assigned to intervention or the usual care groups involving clinical pharmacists. This trial occurred between March 2018 and March 2019 and was completed in two intensive care units within two hospitals in Brazil. Exploratory secondary outcomes included the mortality rate and reductions in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Δ SOFA scores. A total of 150 patients participated-54.6% were women, most being white (77.3 %). Further, the main diagnosis was Acute Coronary Syndrome (22.6%), followed by Congestive Heart Failure (12.6%) and Heart Failure (10%). A significant difference was observed in the length of stay between the intervention group and the control group, respectively 7.08 days (±4.38) and 10.7 days (±6.32). Among the secondary outcomes, a significant difference was observed in the mortality rates between the two groups: (6.58%) in the intervention group and 25.68% in the control group. Regarding Δ SOFA, the intervention group exhibited a reduction of 4.63 in the SOFA score during hospitalization. The control group showed an increase of 1.88 in the score during the same period. This study demonstrated that the use of Diagnoses - Adverse Clinical Findings - Medications (DAM), a medical record model aimed at resolving drug-related problems, reduced the length of hospital stay and mortality rates among patients. Furthermore, this model proved to be more effective than the usual care provided by clinical pharmacists.

Ecological problem identification based on spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem quality: A case study

Ecological problem identification based on spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem quality: A case study

국내 통합시뮬레이션 간호교육에 대한 통합적 문헌고찰

Objectives This study aimed to identify trends in research on integrated simulation nursing education in Korea and to comprehensively examine its effects. Methods Literature up to June 2024 was searched using Korean and English keywords. RISS, KISS, DBpia, and PubMed were used for literature searches. The study followed the five steps suggested by Whittemore and Knafl: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and data presentation. Results The 19 selected studies were published between 2012 and 2024. Nine studies employed a one-group quasi-experimental design, and 16 studies focused on fourth-year nursing students. A human patient simulator was used in 13 studies. Fourteen studies integrated scenarios from various nursing majors within a single course, while four studies used scenarios integrating two or more nursing majors. One study combined nursing major-specific scenarios with integrated scenarios. Among the cognitive domains, problem-solving ability was the most frequently measured variable, with all five studies reporting significant results. In the affective domains, self-efficacy was the most commonly measured variable, with seven studies, four of which reported significant results. Clinical competence was measured in the psychomotor domain, with all eight studies reporting significant results. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that integrated simulation nursing education effectively enhances cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills in nursing students. Future efforts should focus on developing stage- and grade-specific integrated simulation education programs, as well as integrated simulation education that connects various nursing majors.

Do human rights frameworks identify AI’s problems? The limits of a burgeoning methodology for AI problem assessment

ABSTRACT This contribution discusses and compares human rights-based frameworks or ‘models’ used by authors in literature for assessing AI’s problems. In AI research, human rights assessments have been used as a burgeoning methodology for identifying and giving account of technology’s negative implications. However, there has been little critique of the strenghts and weakness of the formal human rights framework in providing proper account of AI’s problems. This paper attempts to fill this gap. Because AI’application involves diverse interests, scholars have differently identified AI’s implications through a human rights lens. The prominent model focuses on privacy, but there is growing recognition about privacy’s limited role ahead of AI’s ubiquity. Additionally, holistic and selective human rights models are used. This contribution draws on literature review to discuss these models, testing them against theories of pragmatic problem identification. The selective model resonates with pragmatic approaches to problem assessment. However, human rights present inherent limits as a problem assessement framework ahead of (new) AI realities and problems. We suggest that using too formal, closed, and rigid frameworks may impede representing current and new AI issues. Future research shall be geared towards exploring more pragmatic methodologies to AI problem assessement.