Problematic Character Research Articles

«Исаии ныне пророка глас...»: о необычной атрибуции ветхозаветного пророчества в древней церковной гимнографии

The article considers an unusual case of "incorrect" attribution of the words of the prophet Malachi to the prophet Isaiah on the example of two hymns of the service of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist (24 June), written by St. John of Damascus (7th – 8th centuries) and St. Kassia (9th century). According to the author, this attribution is due to the fact that the hymnographers did not directly use the text of the prophetic book, but quoted this prophecy in the transmission of Mark 1. 2. The form of the quoted Gospel text corresponded to the Alexandrian text-type of New Testament manuscripts, where the prophet Isaiah is indicated as the author of the prophecy quoted in Mark 1. 2. The following is a discussion of the possible reasons for the use by the hymnographers in question of the New Testament text instead of the Old Testament text: (1) the words of Mark 1. 2 (and the parallels in Matt 11. 10 and Luke 7. 17) may have been more familiar to Christians of that time than their Old Testament prototype; moreover (2) the Gospel restatement of the prophecy revealed its meaning, pointing to the divinity of Jesus Christ, as well as clarifying the sense of John the Baptist's ministry. The reasons for the use of Mark 1. 2 (despite the problematic character of these apostolic words because of the unusual attribution of prophetic words) could be the prominent position of this verse at the beginning of the Gospel of Mark and its connection with the proclamation there of the messianic dignity of Jesus Christ, as well as the fact that the hymnographers continued the patristic tradition of advocacy of the correctness of the words of Mark 1. 2. At the end of the article some peculiarities of the use and interpretation of the text of the Holy Scriptures in Byzantine hymnography are pointed out on the basis of the material considered. First of all, it is the use of the Old Testament words in their New Testament version, because this version of the words is better known to Christians and has already been interpreted by the apostles themselves. It is no less important that in their use and interpretation of the biblical text the hymnographers clearly followed the preceding patristic exegetical tradition, including trust in the words of the Holy Scripture.

The Highs and Lows of Pornography Use: Does Motivation Affect Users’ Life Satisfaction?

"The negative outcomes of problematic pornography use (PPU) have been well documented, but there is a gap in the literature on the underlying mechanisms that influence the life satisfaction and mental health of pornography users. In the current study we have used a cross-sectional, person-centered approach in order to reveal the motivational and life satisfaction profile of problematic and non-problematic pornography users based on the theoretical framework of Self-determination Theory (SDT). We also wished to determine the role of self-determination in the life satisfaction of pornography users, as this variable is considered to be relevant for the life satisfaction and mental health of online pornography consumers. Our participants (N = 4302) were Hungarian speaking adults from Romania and Hungary (age M=27,91; SD=9,50), selected through sampling on social networking sites related to pornography, sexual dysfunction and addiction. Individuals were assigned to one of 3 groups (i.e., no symptoms, few symptoms, problematic use), based on the presence of symptoms related to pornography use. Demographic data was gathered, self-determination, life satisfaction and pornography use were assessed using the online version of validated instruments. Results indicated that SDT-based motivation and life satisfaction have a significant role in shaping the profile of pornography users. Participants with PPU felt less satisfied with their life, were less self-aware and experienced lower levels of perceived choice than both no symptom and few symptom groups. Although self-determination significantly predicted life satisfaction, this effect was not influenced by the problematic character of pornography use. Keywords: self-determined motives; life satisfaction; online sexual activities; problematic pornography use."

О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ВОКАБУЛ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СЛОВАРНОЙ СТАТЬИ В СЛОВАРЕ ЯЗЫКА ОЛОНХО

The article presents the result of the procedure for resolving the issue of forming dictionary vocables, as well as organizing a dictionary entry in the dictionary of the language of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho, proclaimed by UNESCO in 2005 as a masterpiece of the oral and intangible cultural heritage of humanity. The question was one of the rather complex problems in the theoretical development of a dictionary of the Olonkho language. The high degree of formulaicity of the language of the Yakut epic, the originality of the stylistics of the epic narrative and the characteristic features of the language of the Turkic peoples generated a complex of original properties of the Olonkho language, which determined the problematic character of lexicographic works. However, when developing the macro- and microstructure of dictionaries of the language of folklore, an unconventional solution to the problem is allowed, and therefore the work proposes a special structure of a dictionary entry, as well as methods for forming non-standard forms of dictionary vocables. To achieve the goal, we analyzed the functional and semantic features of the lexeme aghys ʻeightʼ in the olonkho text Nurgun Bootur the Swift by K. G. Orosin (1947). As a result of the analysis, the following points were clarified and determined: 1. it was decided to present stable verbal complexes of the Olonkho language (i. e. epic formulas, formulaic constructions, constructions of a formulaic nature), phraseological units, single lexemes and epic periods as vocabulary vocables. The main factors that served as support for making such a decision were the distinctive feature of the Turkic languages – the law of synharmonism, as well as the diffuse nature of the meaning of folk expressions, which requires an integrated approach to the compilation of dictionary definitions, including in the design of the lemma part of the dictionary. The basic principles of the structure of dictionary entries in the Olonkho language dictionary are indicated: the order of presentation of units of lexicographic description, the order of presentation of stable verbal complexes, principles of presentation of material, features of presentation of illustrative material. In developing the described principles, we relied on individual aspects of the theoretical positions expressed in the works of our predecessors, specializing in the field of Russian lingua-folkloristics, Russian folklore lexicography, in Turkic studies, as well as the result of a comprehensive analysis of materials from the K. G. Orosin’s olonkho text of Nurgun Bootur the Swift. In the course of further lexicographical work, it will obviously be possible to make minor adjustments, since the language material of the Yakut epic is extremely diverse. However, the result obtained in this article, in this aspect, will definitely form the basis of lexicography.

Is Psylocke Asian? The Racial Fantasy and Ambiguity of an Uncanny Oriental

ABSTRACT: The X-Man Psylocke is often dismissed as a hopelessly problematic character: a white Englishwoman in the body of a Japanese ninja with a convoluted backstory and a sexualized costume. This essay reinterprets her as a seminal character in comics history who serves as a visual index for Asianness by revealing both America’s volatile racial politics and the enduring legacy of Orientalism in the superhero genre. Drawing on theories of racial ambiguity, Orientalist stereotyping, and interethnic transformation, I argue that Betsy Braddock’s perpetually evolving face and outfits showcase mass media’s vexed relationship with the Asian diaspora, including its obsession with Asian females, fear of miscegenation, and fascination with the martial arts. Following her original Asianification in the 1980s to her eventual return to whiteness in the 2010s, this study employs Psylocke as an illuminating figure for exploring histories of racialization, yellowface, biological essentialism, and colorblindness in mainstream comics.

Univerbation is a problematic way of word formation in German language

The article analyzes derivational univerbation as one of the forms of compression functioning in word formation. Univerbation is a merging, pulling together of a free or stable word combination, a sentence or a sentence fragment into one verbal whole. The new word-forming construction in its form corresponds with one word, and in its semantics with the whole word combination. It is not uncommon for a new word to “absorb” the meaning of the context. The activity of universalization is closely connected with the need for “economical” nominations of new concepts, as well as with the need for stylistic variation of the name. This way of word formation allows creating compact, economical, concise and succinct forms of expressing thoughts without special speech efforts. The problematic character of this derivational model is that there is an extended interpretation of the essence of word formation methods.

‘And When He Saw Him, He Had Compassion’: Following Jesus and Relationship to Non-Human Creatures

This article explores how the concept of following Jesus can be ethically applied in the sphere of the treatment of non-human creatures. It shows three possibilities of grasping the theme: accommodating Jesus to a preconceived idea, using the sayings and actions of Jesus that involve animals, and adhering to a characteristic feature of his approach. The article points out the problematic character of the first two options and highlights the third – it proposes that the relationship to non-human creatures should be based on the criterion of compassion accompanied by care for the suffering.

К проблемам философского и исламского понимания жертвоприношения

The article discusses the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the philosophical and Islam-ic understanding of the phenomenon of sacrifice. The relevance and the problematic character of cogni-tion of this phenomenon by religion, philosophy and science is explained by the semantic inexhaustibil-ity and multidimensionality of the meanings that define the comprehension and implementation of sac-rifice in human life. The methods and means used in the study are adequate to the systemic and inter-disciplinary nature of the phenomenon studied. The author believes that in contrast to the archaic, pa-gan sacrifice addressed to ephemeral idols and associated with violent acts of an irreversible nature, modern civilized Islamic sacrifice is expressed in the forms of voluntary dedication by a believer of his whole life to the rules and norms of worship, submission and fulfillment of duty to the Almighty. The author explores the conceptual and semantic similarities and differences between the substantive and attributive understanding of sacrifice reflected in long-term disputes and discussions throughout the history of Islam.

카뮈의 “이방인”에 등장하는 주인공 뫼르소의 탈신화화

Albert Camus is revered as one of the giants of 20th century literature in most countries including the West. However, Algeria, which was a French colony during Camus' lifetime, does not recognize Camus, who did not recognize Algeria as important. As if to actively reflect this, Meursault, the main character in The Stranger, was portrayed as a Frenchman who killed an Algerian but lacked feelings of guilt or regret for him. Why did Camus have to create a main character called Meursault? Isn't the public opinion about Meursault and Camus absurd? This article is an exploration on this. I think that Meursault as a stranger can be regarded as a 'problematic character' from the perspective of cultural contents. I want to examine in detail the significance and limitation of Meursault, the main character in the novel created by Camus, who was an atheistic existentialist.

The Hermeneutics of Tradition: Political Implications of a Philosophical Legacy

The interrogation of the problematic character of established traditions has become an increasingly dominant feature of contemporary political and social discourse. Gadamer's discussion of tradition takes on an often-unacknowledged utility in light of these discussions by both observing the subtle ways in which tradition persists even in times of social change while also placing an emphasis on the volitional (hence, risky and contingent) character of engagements with tradition. Gadamer's approach allows for a fidelity to tradition that nonetheless allows for a critical, emancipatory engagement with it, a precursor to the more explicitly political projects of hermeneutic thinkers such as Luigi Pareyson and Gianni Vattimo. This hermeneutic lineage offers our modern age a chance to embrace a new and more authentic relationship with the traditions in which we always-already find ourselves situated by giving us the opportunity to make those traditions speak to the challenges of our tumultuous present.

Problematic Character Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic in Primary School of Banyumas District

This study analyses the various character learning difficulties experienced by primary school (SD) teachers and students in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and its effects. The unexpected spread of the Covid-19 outbreak has caused many problems in a learning activity in primary school, especially in character material. The data sources of this study are the teacher of primary schools in the suburban area of Banyumas and stakeholders in the character learning process. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative research approach. Techniques of data collection are in-depth interviews and observation. Data analysis is with reduction, display, and conclusion. The results showed that the problematic character learning through online learning during a pandemic includes the low intensity of interaction between teacher and students as a result, difficulty in the interaction between teachers and students even misunderstandings often arise, the delivering character material need explanation and concrete example, the inadequate response and understanding of students to character material, the difficulty of teacher in monitoring changes in student's behavior, the difficulty of parents in assisting students, the difficulty of teacher in assessing UTS (midterm) or UAS (final examination) subject to a character. Even if it is minimal, a solution that can be done is to send video and voice chat that contain messages of moral values for children

Towards a European Plurilingual Habitus? A Critical Analysis of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and its Symbolic Power

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR), introduced by the Council of Europe (CoE) in 2001, is intended to function as an instrument for developing educational policy and practice. However, in reality, there is a mismatch between the Council’s mission to promote plurilingualism and the project’s underlying neoliberal logic to impose its monolingual perspectives in reference to language learning, teaching, and assessment. Despite containing a much valuable taxonomy for describing language proficiency, the CEFR has been globally used as a standardisation tool that aims to measure the language competence of immigrants, asylum seekers, and test-takers. In doing so, the Framework acts as a gatekeeping mechanism of inclusion or exclusion. Considering CEFR’s contradictory nature, the article seeks to explore its complexity and uncover its problematic character. Viewing the CEFR as an instrument of power, the author utilises Bourdieu’s notion of linguistic capital to examine who the policy disadvantages and whose ideological agenda it serves.

Per una “linea femminile” nei servizi educativi a sostegno della famiglia e della genitorialità: il contributo di bell hooks al rapporto tra intersezionalità e presidio del setting pedagogico

In this paper, we analyse the possible contribution of bell hooks’s “engaged Pedagogy” to the educational services geared towards family and parenting support. On the one hand, we discuss bell hooks’s interpretation of families and education through an intersectional perspective, outlining a possible “Pedagogy of resistance” as a point of view of interpretation and intervention with regard to educational services supporting families and parenting. On the other hand, we apply different materialistic, neo-structuralist and complexity theories in discussing the dynamic and problematic character of contemporary families. In doing so, the Home Education service is analyzed as a connecting service (between families, school and social fabric) oriented towards recovery, prevention, and education.

Sulfide Chalcopyrite Solar Cells––Are They the Same as Selenides with a Wider Bandgap?

Sulfide chalcopyrite solar cells are receiving renewed interest since they have reached a certified efficiency above 15%. Due to their wider bandgap, they are interesting candidates for top cells in tandem applications. They share many properties with the much deeper studied selenide chalcopyrites, but also some important differences. While the structure of shallow and deep defects appears very similar, the phase diagram is different with a much smaller existence range of Cu‐poor CuInS2. The problematic character of the surface of material grown under Cu excess is present in both sulfides and selenides. Both materials show increased tail states when grown Cu‐poor. To achieve sufficient bulk quality of sulfide absorbers, higher growth temperatures and a higher supply of sodium appear to be necessary.

Hypotheses in Kant's philosophy of science

In this paper I extend the case for a necessitation account of particular laws in Kant's philosophy of science by examining the relation between reason's hypothetical use in the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic and the legitimate hypotheses identified in the Doctrine of Method. Building on normative accounts of reason's ideas, I argue that reason's hypothetical use does not describe the connections between objects and their grounds, which lie beyond the reach of the understanding, but merely prescribes the relations between appearances and their conditions, for which the understanding must seek. A legitimate hypothesis, I suggest, is a proposition we hold to be true that fills in one or several of those relations. The problematic character of hypotheses requires that we evaluate our reasons for holding them to be true. While natural modality is grounded in the nature of things, which cannot be fully known, our reasons for assent can and must be grounded on features of objects that are epistemically available to us.

Теоретико-методологічні аспекти використання діалогу з метою організації продуктивної взаємодії суб’єктів освітнього процесу

The article in the historical and philosophical, psychological and pedagogical aspects considers the current problem of improving pedagogical education - the use of dialogue in the implementation of effective interaction of the subjects of the educational process. It is emphasized that the modern pedagogical system is faced with objective processes of democratization in society, with the requirements of cultural development in terms of the scientific and technological progress, and is characterized by changing disciplinary and compulsory regulatory dominant of education to the dominant of cultural activity and creativity. Dialogue is analyzed as a form and method of organizing of the educational process that is based on the values of content and values of goal which are manifested in the problematic character, perception and mutual understanding at the interpersonal level. It is noted that the joint participation of the subjects of dialogue reveals its humanistic essence and gives multicolor, emotionality, spirituality to the relationship, gives the joy of their discovery of each other. Emphasis is placed on the psychological and pedagogical essence of discussion (a kind of dialogue that takes place in a mode of competent equality and involves the clash of the participants’ opinions in the course of strictly regulated negotiation of the problem) as the most cognitively effective form of dialogue.

Newsworthiness of Multiple Identity Organizations

Media reputation is an important asset of every organization but might even be more delicate for a multiple identity organization (MIO). MIOs usually have central, distinctive, and enduring characteristics belonging to two antithetical value systems, often the ideological and the utilitarian value system. This qualitative interview study explores journalists' understanding and coverage of MIOs and how both are impacted by journalistic role perceptions and by the nature and behavior of such organizations. The findings of this research provide insight into the journalistic production process and could be instructive for the media management of MIOs. The interviewees recognized the potentially problematic character of an MIO but were divided about the newsworthiness of organizational identity multiplicity. Besides a group of “explainer” journalists, who were neutral towards MIOs, there were “watchdog” journalists who were extra sharp-eyed when an MIO was involved. They observed a lack of transparency about the commercial goals and profits. Controversy in terms of internal and external tensions was found to be a particularly salient news value with respect to an MIO. During the COVID-19 pandemic the journalist's interest in the tension between the organization's identities seemed to disappear. The central conclusion is that organizational identity multiplicity may trigger the critical attention of journalists. MIOs should improve transparency, especially considering their commercial activities. • Journalists criticize the commercial identity of non-profits. • Hitching a ride on a media storm generates positive media coverage. • Controversy in a multiple identity organization triggers media attention.

Al-Ghazali's Image in Al-Jabri's works

Muhammad Abed Al-Jabri (1935-2010) is a famous philosophical and scientific figure in contemporary Arab thought. He is the author of the philosophy of "the Arab mind" and "the criticism of the Arab mind." He tried to establish his theory of looking at the ancient Arab heritage and modern Arab thought. He also tried to view them according to the critical vision criteria, which he laid the methodological foundations for in his essential philosophical writings, especially in the critique of the Arab mind trilogy. In this study, I seek to analyze and study various aspects of his analytical and critical approach towards Al-Ghazali and his theoretical creativity. As well as revealing the specificity of his position on the intellectual path of Al-Ghazali himself, based on the sequence of his books, Al-Jabri considered Al-Ghazali's personality as a large and complex problem, so that It is challenging to define entirely and accurately. However, this does not exclude him from the possibility of defining the criteria of science in general and philosophy in particular. In this research, I tried to reveal that the position of Al-Jabri himself represents in some sense the continuation of the problematic and complexity of Al-Ghazali himself. Al-Jabri raised more problems than the answer to them. And the controversy remains and is getting stronger. The research into the personality and works of Al-Ghazali seems to have been and will remain for a long time due to the problematic character of Al-Ghazali himself, the diversity and differences of his intellectual, creative writing, and his tortuous nature. Hence, this study constitutes a contribution in this field.

Sergey Khoruzhy, or the motif of the problematic character of death

The article is devoted to the memory of an outstanding scholar — physicist, philosopher, theologian and translator — S. Khoruzhy (1941–2020), with whom the author maintained active communication for three decades. This communication included various human and scholarly encounters: meetings in person, correspondence, participation in projects and conferences, book presentations, and shared accommodations in Sofia and Moscow. The article reveals a number of hitherto unknown facts of the scholar’s biography. Also published are his thoughts on topics he found most relevant, based on an interview in Sofia in June 1997, transcribed by the author. Khoruzhy’s philosophical studies ran in parallel with his major subject (theoretical physics), but it was not until 1989 that his theological and philosophical works reached a wider audience. The article emphasises Khoruzhy’s versatile giſt: an original philosopher, author of the concept of synergetic anthropology and successor of the traditions of Russian religious philosophy, he is also atranslator of Ulysses, a scholar of J. Joyce, and a prominent figure of 20th- and 21st-c. Russian culture.

Narrative, Insecure Equilibrium and the Imperative to Understand: A Hermeneutics of Woundedness

Addressing trauma as a phenomenon which happens on the level of the human psyche and body, this article explores the impact of the interlocking nature of human lingual and bodily being in discovering a fuller possibility of interpreting and understanding woundedness. The non-transparent and problematic character of trauma calls for a hermeneutic investigation in order to gain a far-reaching insight into what happens with us and in us in traumatic experience(s). The imperative to understand the situation of affliction is an unending task which not only relies upon extant understandings but continually pro-vokes new ones. I argue that the process of healing, encompassing the spoken and bodily narrative, does not establish a secure equilibrium, but rather searches for self-restoring, healing energy and commences ever new understandings of what needs to be comprehended and healed. This article offers an examination of trauma as featured in three short stories by British authors: Rudyard Kipling, D. H. Lawrence and James Joyce, to exemplify the possibilities of literature to shed light on the intricate nature of traumatic experience. It interrogates the ways in which literature, hermeneutics and psychoanalysis meaningfully converge.

Reactive dyes for living cells: Applications, artefacts, and some comparisons with textile dyeing

AbstractAn inclusive chemical definition of “reactive” dyeing of textiles is introduced, encompassing the CI Azoic, CI Mordant, CI Reactive, CI Sulphur and CI Vat dye application classes. Such reactive dyeing increases fibre retention of dye and makes application practically possible. The analogous application of dyes and fluorescent probes as microscopic stains in biology and medicine is outlined, focussing on using reactive fluorescent probes with living cells. Parallels with textile dyeing are noted, eg, enhanced probe retention and facilitation of probe application. However, the primary purpose of using reactive probes with live cells is detection of properties of biological systems: to identify biological structures and chemical/biochemical contents; assess biological functions and physicochemical properties; and determine changes in locations of cells and cell components. Problems occurring with such probes are outlined, particularly the problematic character of many standard protocols, and localisation artefacts arising with reactive probes whose reactant and product species are physiochemically significantly different. This latter problem is explored via a case study of possible reactant/product artefacts with probes for reactive oxygen species. Comparison of experimental observations of probe localisations with the localisations predicted using quantitative structure activity (QSAR) modelling indicates that such artefacts can occur with a significant proportion of chemically diverse, widely used, commercially available probes, as well as with experimental compounds reported in the literature. A graphical flowchart is provided to assess possible occurrence of reactant/product artefacts arising with reactive fluorescent probes localising in various organelles of living cells.