Problem Tree Analysis Research Articles

METHODOLOGY OF FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN STUDENTS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: COLLECTION OF METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF COMMUNICATIVE PROBLEMS

In the rapidly evolving world, communicative competence has become a crucial skill for students in professional educational institutions. This paper explores a methodology for the development of communicative competence through the use of a structured collection of methods for identifying communicative problems. Theproposed methods—“Communicative Problem Map,” “Communicative Problem Tree Analysis,” and “Communicative Problem Review”—are designed to provide students with a systematic approach to recognizing, analyzing, and resolving communication issues. By implementing these methods, educators can effectively prepare students for professional communication challenges.

Assessment of infrastructure, behaviours, and user satisfaction of guardian waiting shelters for secondary level hospitals in southern Malawi.

Guardian Waiting Shelters (GWSs) are an essential component of the Malawi's health care system as they serve as a temporary home for patient guardians while taking care of their relatives admitted to the hospital, and expectant mothers. Although GWSs play a crucial role in Malawi's healthcare system, past studies have primarily concentrated on maternity waiting homes, neglecting the role and importance of GWSs. The study examines GWS management structures and conditions, as well as guardian satisfaction and perception of health risks related to GWS use. In this explanatory sequential mixed methods design, we assessed 12 GWSs from southern region of Malawi. Qualitative data included interviews (n = 149) and focus group discussions with patient guardians (n = 72), interviews with GWS caretakers (n = 5), representatives from Hospital Management (n = 12) and Hospital Advisory Committees (n = 11). Lack of guidelines and standards for GWSs resulted in creating a customized facility checklist to quantitatively assess infrastructure present at GWSs (n = 12). Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were utilized for data analysis, and a problem tree analysis was used to triangulate and summarize the findings. A total of 249 participants participated in the study. Each GWS had an average of 100 users daily, primarily adult females (71%). No one was accountable for GWS operation and maintenance due to the lack of a management hierarchy. GWS infrastructure conditions were poor, with inadequate functional sleeping rooms, insufficient access to water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Notably, 50% of the GWSs lacked water access, and a quarter had non-functional toilets. Guardians felt unsafe and at risk of disease transmission when staying within GWS. Study findings highlight lack of clear, consistent GWS ownership as a root cause of challenges in GWSs. Clear policy and operational standards must be established for effective management and smooth functioning of GWSs.

ANALYSIS POTENTIAL PROBLEM IN PKH PROGRAM AT NTT PROVINCE USING RETROSPECTIVE APPROACH

The government in efforts to eradicate poverty, always seek concrete step’s to maximize welfare especially for poor household communities (RTM). One of the efforts being implemented is The Family Hope Program (PKH). However in implementation of this program, it often face substansial problem in implementing activities like in implementation of PKH program in Humusu Village, Insana District, North Central Timor regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research trying to restructure the PKH work program by tracing the composition of the problem using problem tree analysis and then finding out the potential that can be use as a renewal step in implementation the PKH program with using a potential analysis with problem that have been previously justified using a retrospective approach and problem tree analysis. Total respondent in this research is 355 which consisted the RTM community including non-RTM community group who had information about implementation the PKH program in Humusu village. The result show that the concrete problem in implementating the PKH program in Humusu Village is lies in the less of distribution information via online media such a social media or similiar devices the PKH program. It’s have the implications for RTM community’s to ignorance the procedures to participate in this program and this is a concrete factor in the lack of interest to participating in this program. The result also show that there is an oportunity for the government to intensifying use the social media to massively distribute information about the realization of the PKH program in Humusu Village so that increase the significant level of effectiveness of work program and the effectiveness of objectives can be well realized in this village.

Strategies to Improve the Performance of Health Work Assistants at District General Hospital Kalutara

Background: A high level of performance of the employees is mandatory to improve the quality of healthcare service rendered to the patients. Performance is a function of the interaction between an individual’s motivation, ability, and environment. It was highlighted that the Health Work Assistants (HWA) working at District General Hospital (DGH) Kalutara are poorly motivated leading to underperformance.Objective: To identify strategies to improve the performance of HWAs working at DGH Kalutara.Methods: Issues related to underperformance were identified using a problem tree analysis. The underlying causes were tabulated against a set of criteria. Prioritization was done based on; the technical feasibility of the alternative interventions, and the impact of the issue on the institution and the patients. Poor employee motivation was selected for further analysis based on the prioritized value.Results: Absenteeism, unavailability of streamlined induction training and regular in-service training, poor attitudes, poor employee motivation and family and social issues were identified as the main issues related to the poor performance of HWAs working at DGH Kalutara. “Intrinsic factors” and supervisor-related factors were selected to plan interventions based on the prioritized value.Conclusion: Providing opportunities for achievements, advancements, and personal growth, through recognition for HWAs’ hard work, dedication, and achievements. Improving their sense of responsibility by improving their relationship with supervisors and improving the quality of supervision.

Analisis Pelarangan Operasional Tiktok Shop Dalam Langkah Pengambilan Keputusan Melalui Perspektif Problem Tree Analysis

The controversial TikTok Shop case has become a hot topic of discussion lately. The violation committed by the TikTok company is combining online buying and selling platforms with social media platforms. Legally in Indonesia, this is considered illegal and has a negative impact on the sustainability of domestic MSMEs and causes various other problems. The government revised the old Permendag, namely No. 50 of 2020, which did not clearly emphasize the legal PMSE system in Indonesia, which also discussed the social commerce system. The issue of TikTok violating PMSE is an interesting thing to study regarding the relationship between the government's decision to issue a policy to stop TikTok Shop and its driving factors. Researchers use descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. Literature study and documentation are data collection techniques used in this study. The data analysis technique used is the Problem Tree Analysis approach. While the focus of his research is on PMSE violations by TikTok Companies in Indonesia. From this research, it was found that there is an unclear legal and regulatory umbrella from government regulations regarding PMSE itself. And there are also various consequences caused by TikTok Shop violations that have fatal consequences on the country's economy and domestic MSMEs. For this reason, legal clarity must be paid more attention to by the government so that when there is increasingly rapid technological development as well as increasingly complex systems do not create problems due to technology gaps.

Analisis Problem Tree Pada Kebijakan Pembayaran Parkir Elektronik di Kota Surabaya

Abstract. The Surabaya City Government recently implemented a new policy aimed at increasing the efficiency and transparency of parking fee collection. The new policy focuses on the use of electronic payment methods, especially QRIS, to reduce the possibility of leaks and increase parking attendants' income. By using QRIS, the government hopes to provide the public with a safe and convenient way to pay for parking, while ensuring that all parking charges are recorded accurately. To assess the effectiveness of this new policy, researchers will analyze the public's response to non-cash payments, such as QRIS, as well as the impact of this payment system on parking attendants' income. Researchers will use the Literature Review and Problem Tree Analysis method to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and potential challenges related to this new policy. Overall, the government hopes this new policy will not only improve the efficiency and transparency of parking fee collection but also increase the income of parking attendants and provide the public with a convenient and safe way to pay for parking.

ANALISIS PELAYANAN BPJS DI INDONESIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS

This research aims to identify problems in BPJS services in Indonesia in improving community welfare using a problem tree analysis approach. The problem tree analysis method is used in this research to identify the root of problems in BPJS services, to provide a clearer picture, more appropriate solutions, good treatment priorities, as well as a structured evaluation and improvement process for BPJS services in the future. The research results revealed several main problems in BPJS services, such as low service quality, lack of service management, employee discriminatory behavior, and limited facilities and infrastructure. These problems violate the principles of good governance, such as the supremacy of law, effectiveness, efficiency, equality, accountability, and transparency. This condition makes it difficult for people to access quality and timely health services and can have a serious impact on people's health and welfare. This research suggests the need to increase supervision, optimize coordination, train employees, distribute facilities and infrastructure, and implement a reward and punishment system to improve the quality of BPJS services. With planned improvement efforts, it is hoped that BPJS Health services can provide optimal benefits for the health and welfare of the Indonesian people as a whole. Keywords: Service, BPJS, Good Governance, Problem Tree Analysis

Heavy Equipment Workforce Planning: An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach for Local Worker Composition Regulation Compliance – A Coal Company Case Study

The Newcastle Coal Price surge, currently at $457.80 in September 2022, drives coal companies, like one in East Kutai, to ramp up production by acquiring equipment and operators. However, compliance with Kutai East Region Regulation No 1 of 2022, requiring an 80% local workforce, complicates operator recruitment. This study aids management in selecting operator compositions in line with stakeholder expectations and regulations. Employing Problem Tree Analysis, Value-Focused Thinking, and Stakeholder Analysis, key challenges and alternative strategies were identified. Analyzing five options via the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the optimal choice, 100% skilled non-local operators, conflicts with regulation, necessitating negotiation for a suitable compromise. The fourth option, with adjusted operator compositions over time, emerges as the most viable solution. Implementation planning, utilizing the 5W+1H method, is crucial for addressing stakeholder concerns, ensuring compliance, reducing unemployment, and enhancing welfare. This research offers a framework for fulfilling operator qualifications while meeting stakeholder interests through strategic planning and negotiation.

Managing Inherent IT Business Risk against Cyber Threats: a Decision Analysis Case Study of an Oil and Gas Company

XYZ, an anonymized oil and gas company, aims to enhance cyber resilience by strategically managing inherent risk profiles in cybersecurity, aligned with business needs and stakeholder expectations. This research addresses challenges including Information Security Control determination, proficiency improvement in risk management, and ISMS preparedness. Additionally, it tackles procurement strategy for Security Operations Control across XYZ Group, operating under PSC Gross Split, Cost Recovery, and Non-PSC statuses. Utilizing diverse frameworks such as problem tree analysis, stakeholders’ power-interest matrix, MITRE ATT&CK, NIST 800-53, COBIT 2019, ISO 27005:2022, KAMI 5.0, and SMART, data analysis includes risk documents, interviews, and cyber-attack data. The research establishes effective IS Control for risk mitigation, readiness for Information Security Management System ISMS implementation, strategic programs enhancing risk management capability, and refined Security Operations Control procurement. These outcomes, incorporated into a collaborative contract structure, significantly mitigate cyber threats and potential impacts, such as disruptions to operations, revenue reduction, increased costs, data theft, and non-compliance.

Analisis Implementasi E-Musrenbang Terhadap Perencanaan Pembangunan di Kota Surabaya dengan Pendekatan Problem Tree Analysis

Development planning is one of the important processes to improve the welfare of people in a region. In addition to issuing decentralization and regional autonomy policies to accelerate regional development and decision-making, the government also issued a Musrenbang program, which is now adapted to the progress of time to develop into E-Musrenbang. E-Musrenbang was created to overcome the problems in the conventional musrenbang system. Surabaya City is one of the cities that have successfully implemented E-Musrenbang, but in its implementation there are still gaps to be improved. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of participation of the Surabaya community in the E-Musrenbang program. This research uses literature review and problem tree analysis methods. The results of this study focus on analyzing the problems that cause the low level of participation of the Surabaya community in several areas. Some of the problems include the lack of socialization and education about the E-Musrenbang program, not all people have access to the Internet, the E-Musrenbang system is considered complicated and difficult to use by most ordinary people, and finally the lack of public trust in the government.

VFT and AHP Approach to Selecting the Best Option in Decision-Making at PLN: A Case Study in the Cawang-Gandul Project

PLN EIC is one of PLN’s business units and is responsible for the development of electrical infrastructure in the working area of DKI Jakarta, Banten Province, and its surroundings. One of the national strategic projects included in the PLN is the 500 kV Cawang Baru II/Cililitan-Gandul transmission line project, with a COD target of 2026. The delay in the completion of this project and the non-fulfillment of stakeholders’ expectations will certainly have a broad impact on the operation of the electricity system, the impact on PLN’s financial performance, the social impact, the environmental impact, as well as the direct impact on the performance and image of PLN EIC. This research aims to assist management in making decisions related to the best transmission line design for the Cawang-Gandul project so that project completion can be on time and in accordance with stakeholder expectations. In this research, several methodological approaches were used to gain a broader and more complete understanding. The Problem Tree Analysis approach, combined with brainstorming and structured interview techniques, was used to explore business issues. Two complementary approaches, namely Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) and the Stakeholder Analysis method, are used to formulate stakeholder expectations and will become guidelines for formulating alternative strategies. Using a structured interview technique, 4 alternative strategies were formulated in the form of the transmission line design, namely (1) Compact Lattice Tower, (2) Underground Cable, (3) Combine Design (Compact Lattice Tower + Underground Cable), and (4) Steel Pole Tower. The next methodological approach uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the best transmission line design, which is then analyzed using AHP Super Decision software. The results of this research show that the Underground Cable design is the best design alternative that can be implemented in the Cawang-Gandul project with several advantages, namely minimal social conflict, easy implementation, and a relatively faster work process. The final stage of research is to make an implementation plan.

Enhancing Community Participation in Corporate Social Responsibility Activities at PT. Prima Bara Nusantara through Improved Decision-Making Process

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is crucial for companies that have a substantial ecological footprint, such as coal mining in Indonesia. PT. PBN strives to achieve a harmonious combination of responsible behaviors and economic viability. However, attaining this equilibrium necessitates strong community engagement to alleviate negative effects and provide beneficial contributions at the local level. This study focuses on the underexplored issue of poor community participation in CSR initiatives within Indonesia’s coal mining sector. Although PT. PBN has made substantial investments in environmental and community activities, recent evaluations indicate a substantial disparity between stakeholder expectations and the level of actual participation in activities. Gaining insight into the factors contributing to this disparity is vital for the effectiveness of CSR endeavors, as the support of stakeholders and active involvement of the community are crucial for ensuring social sustainability and enduring stability. The study utilizes analyzed data from interviews conducted with both internal and external respondents. It uses problem tree analysis in order to uncover the root causes of low community participation. Focus group discussions are used to delve deeper into the objectives of Value-focused Thinking (VFT) and help determine which alternative solutions should be chosen. The integration of VFT with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) aids decision-making by recognizing the criteria and sub-criteria used to evaluate solutions based on their values. The findings emphasize identifying skill gaps and providing formal acknowledgment to improve the sense of responsibility and involvement of the community in CSR initiatives. This is in line with PT. PBN’s commitment to its stakeholders and the sustainable development of the community in the long run. In the end, decision-makers give the utmost significance to the strategy of licensing and training, considering its long-term impact, effectiveness, resource availability, and ease of control.

Determining The Contract Service Strategy at Coal Terminal Maintenance to Address Contractor’s Inability to Maintain Availability of Fixed Plants in Supporting Shipments Activities at PTKPC a Case Study PTKPC, East Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

PTKPC, a coal producer, was facing challenges due to a permit transition in December 2021 from Coal Mining Contract of Work (PKP2B) to Special Mining Business License (IUPK). This change increases operational costs with added royalty rates, value-added tax, and profit-sharing obligations. To address this issue, the company decided to streamline contractors in each department in all business units, consolidating various tasks under one umbrella contract. The goal is to provide a big volume of work, potentially lowering rates and reducing PTKPC’s operational costs. However, relying on a single contractor for crucial operations, as seen in the Coal Terminal Maintenance Department (CTMD), introduces risks. The sole contract winner, PTPB, struggles to meet obligations since the contract’s initiation on December 1, 2021. The average contract fulfillment since commencement date is 86% of 100% desired target, disrupting fixed plant Coal Terminal maintenance activities. Physical availability is 93%, below the 94% target, increasing CTMD’s maintenance costs by $0.059 per ton. This research seeks to identify the root causes of PTPB’s inability to fulfill contractual duties and explore alternative solutions. and then from all the existing alternatives, what is the best alternative in responding to this condition. Utilizing primary and secondary data from PTPB’s monthly proforma invoices, contract scope, and CTMD’s monthly reports, the research employs methodologies like problem tree analysis and stakeholder analysis to unravel business complexities and identify root cause of the problems. Qualitative data collection methods, including focused group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured interviews, will be used to determine alternatives. These alternatives will be assessed using the Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) methodology. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, assisted by the AHP Super Decision application, will determine the best alternative: the “Implementation of Warnings and Penalties to PTPB”. Implementing this alternative demonstrates PTKPC’s commitment to stakeholders, ensuring contractor accountability without disrupting fixed plant maintenance. Penalty funds will support CTMD’s financial viability, funding additional resources for tasks beyond PTPB’s capacity. This strategy may be applied to other contracts within PTKPC.

Strategic Action for the Seaweed Industry in Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines

The Philippines is one of the top producers of seaweed in the world and 91% of its farm area is situated in the province of Tawi-Tawi. However, the country’s seaweed production has been declining over the years due to various factors. This study focused on identifying a strategic action that will highly influence the sustainability of the seaweed industry in the province through capitalizing on the public and private collaborations. This study has taken the perspective of focusing on the integrative authority of a Local Government Unit (LGU) as a supreme governing body of a locality and utilized an organizational approach in addressing the core issue. In the province of Tawi-Tawi, almost all the marine products or around 8,000 tons are being transshipped through the ports of Bongao annually. Bongao is the de-facto capital municipality of the province and acts as a conduit of development in the provincial, regional, and national seaweed productions. On the other hand, the LGU of Bongao has been heavily dependent on the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) and needs diversified income streams. One area it can provide potential service deliveries is facility support to the major industry in the province through local enterprises. This service modality will provide an encompassing benefit towards addressing the overarching issues in the seaweed industry and improve the financial health of the LGU. The analytical tools that were applied are the Problem Tree Analysis (PTA) and Objective Tree Analysis (OTA). The PTA was used to identify the major constraint and the corresponding causes and effects within the scope of the situational analysis. The OTA was employed to determine the strategic action needed through targeting the core issue in the PTA.

The Environmental Issues and Appropriacy of Adapted Management Strategies

Environmental issues are a ubiquitous but vague concept. Understanding these problems' nature and how anthropogenic actions contribute to them is essential. At present, it is possible to identify many environmental issues on different scales in the world and Sri Lanka. Therefore, this research mainly aimed to identify the main environmental issues and the appropriacy of adapted management strategies in Egoda Guruwala GN Division in Sri Lanka. Interviews and field observations were used as the main data collection method. The ranking method was used to identify the most prominent issues, and the results were interpreted using Problem Tree analysis. Further, it investigates the strengths and weaknesses of the management strategies in a qualitative methodological approach. The results found that there are five main environmental problems, [1] soil erosion and land degradation, [2] deforestation, [3] environmental pollution, [4] invasive species spreading, and [5] other problems. The study found different management strategies such as planting trees, trenching in sloped areas, raising awareness, using the popper waste disposal method, properly implementing the rules, and composting the carbonic waste. However, the study found another environmental issue due to unsustainable management strategies. As a rural area, the community already has the potential to use sustainable environment management strategies to reduce the environmental issues that may arise in the future. Even so, lack of accountability and ignorance may cause on developing the current situation. Therefore, this study enables us to identify the possible management strategies that may take at a domestic and community level to control and minimize the future environmental issues in the study area.

Transitions towards Sustainable and Resilient Rural Areas in Revitalising India: A Framework for Localising SDGs at Gram Panchayat Level

Twenty-first century rural development (RD) demands a new paradigm of sustainability capable of addressing the difficulties and leveraging on the possibilities, such as climate change, demographic shift, international competitiveness, and rapid technological progress. Amidst these challenges, it is necessary to have a guiding framework from a long-term perspective that aids the integration of current RD policies while allowing space for location and community-specific innovations for implementing sustainable and resilient development strategies. India has witnessed several schemes and programmes for RD with exclusive objectives, varied focus areas, and separate domains, resulting in compartmentalisation in policy frameworks and disjointed implementation. Such initiatives were also often ideated from an urban perspective when it came to peri-urban rural areas or offered a generalist rural perspective (when referring to other rural regions, including those nested in ecological zones, thereby disregarding their local relevance). Accordingly, this study proposes a synchronised SMART village framework to tailor existing RD approaches for sustainable transformations aligned with the sustainable development goals and with a possibility of scaling its applicability in the local context. We initially conducted a bibliometric analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the emerging transformative approaches to RD, such as smart village (SV). Though in its nascent stage, the SV initiatives in India primarily envision information and communication technology enabled transformations in rural areas, often forcing villages to establish the relevance of such interventions. The study recognises key challenges to RD in India by using the problem tree analysis and further defines a SMART village framework that can be catalytic in transforming rural areas towards a sustainable and resilient state.

Regional Potential for Community Welfare Development in Sodo Village, Gunung Kidul

Sodo Village contains physical and non-physical potential that can be developed, albeit this potential is limited or constrained in actuality. In 2021, 74% of the population in Sodo village were impoverished. The goal of this research is to develop the region's potential through community empowerment programs. This study employed descriptive qualitative research methodologies, including data inventory on prospective physical and non-physical regions, spatial analysis, and problem tree analysis. The following issues arise in the Sodo Village: limited physical potential, ineffective management of MSMEs potential, and tourist potential. Participatory community empowerment initiatives are used to develop regional potential.

Proposed Business Strategy for International Freight Forwarding Company (Case: PT Jahermosa)

PT Jahermosa is an international freight forwarding company established in 2012. This company has experience handling several types of goods with various services and modes of transportation. The services provided include export-import goods delivery using sea, air, and land modes. Due to COVID-19, the company’s sales performance has decreased from 2019 to 2021. However, according to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Indonesia’s total exports and imports from 2020 to 2021 have experienced a drastic increase. This gap indicates an increase in the market for goods delivery services to and from Indonesia but did not accompany PT Jahermosa’s ability to absorb the market. Therefore, this study aims to provide strategic business proposals for PT Jahermosa in the freight forwarding industry to improve the company’s sales performance. This research is qualitative research using primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with several customers and management participants. While secondary data is obtained through company financial reports, websites, journals, and articles. First, an analysis was carried out on the external and internal conditions of PT Jahermosa’s freight forwarding business. External analysis was conducted using the PESTEL Framework, Porter’s Five Forces Model, Customer Analysis, and Competitor Analysis. Meanwhile, internal analysis was carried out using the Resource Based View Model, VRIO Analysis, Porter Value Chain Analysis. After that, the internal and external analysis will be put into the Business Model Canvas. Then, SWOT analysis is used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to assess the condition of PT Jahermosa using the data from external and internal analysis. Evaluation of these four factors forms the basis for formulating strategic alternatives using the TOWS Matrix. Finally, root cause analysis is carried out to find the real cause of the problems encountered using Problem Tree Analysis. Based on the results of this research, the strategy is formulated using the Diamond Strategy Model by considering four factors: vehicles, arenas, differentiators, speed, and economic logic. Value proposition canvas is used to support the proposed strategy. The limitation of this research is that financial reports need to be explained in detail to keep company documents secret. In addition, this research only covers PT Jahermosa as a freight forwarding and logistics service company. Further investigation can be made based on this research in the supply chain management, human resource management, and marketing strategy.

PROGRAM FOR ASSISTANCE AND EMPOWERMENT OF PKK ENERGY IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES OWNED IN SIDOKARE VILLAGE, REJOSO DISTRICT, NGANJUK REGENCY

The Sidokare Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes), which was founded in 2019, has succeeded in cooperating with village PKK women who are active members and operational in 2022. During the operation, the Sidokare BUMDes did not escape several obstacles. Through the PAR (Participatory Action Research) approach with the initial mapping stages, tansek, priority ranking, historical tracing, Venn diagrams, flowcharts, problem tree analysis, and hope tree analysis. So that the problem is obtained, namely, the failure of product marketing in BUMDes. This is due to the low knowledge of BUMDes executors, namely PKK women, in managing products in terms of quality and marketing. So that the product is not in demand by the village community. As a result of these problems, it is difficult to determine the selling price, it is difficult to attract buyers, the product manufacturing process is not optimal, and product marketing cannot be comprehensive in the community sector. This service program aims to help PKK women in improving the quality and marketing of soap products, as well as help the economy of the Sidokare BUMDes. The results of the training and mentoring program for PKK women in Sidokare Village are making BUMDes administrators and PKK women enthusiastic about producing and exploring activities to produce 100 dish soaps and 60 laundry soaps. The soap products are marketed to shops and the people of Sidokare. So that the product can be recognized and purchased easily by the people of Sidokare.

Problem Tree Analysis for Farm Communities along Bicol River Basin, Camarines Sur, Philippines

In the past decades, climate change has become a disruptive issue in agriculture. This paper provides a brief problem analysis of the current status of selected agricultural farmlands along Bicol River basin (BRB) in the province of Camarines Sur. Six barangays from initially identified vulnerable municipalities were assessed on their respective community’s agricultural problems. Two barangays from each from the municipality in Baao, Canaman and Minalabac, were targeted as participating sites in the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The paper aimed to survey insights into the dynamics of problems in agriculture-based problems of these communities and to identify priorities needed for the improvement of farm productivity. A problem tree analysis revealed that sixty-seven percent (67%) of the sites claimed that problem’s root cause was the absence of water source for efficient farming irrigation. Oppositely, thirty-three percent (33%) of the participating communities pinpointed the base problems to prolonged flooding that hampers the ideal farm yield. Other problems mentioned included unavailability of advanced farming technologies, low harvest rates due to climate shift, high cost of farming inputs such as fertilizers and labor, access to farm to market roads, low farm gate price of harvested products and lack of trees to aide in flood prevention. The study further revealed that either water scarcity or effects of rainfall intensities are the key problems faced by agricultural communities in the selected areas.