Problem Of Wind Power Curtailment Research Articles

Optimal Configuration of Power-to-Heat Equipment Considering Peak-Shaving Ancillary Service Market

The serious problem of wind power curtailment in northern China has created a pressing need to enhance the peak-shaving ability of the power system. As the main source of power supply in northern China, combined heat and power (CHP) units have significant potential for peak-shaving. Currently, the Chinese government encourages CHP plants to increase their peak-shaving capacity by installing power-to-heat (P2H) equipment. In addition, the government has implemented auxiliary service market policies to encourage CHP plants to provide peak-shaving services. In order to maximize economic benefits for CHP plants, this paper proposes an optimal configuration method of P2H equipment with the static payback time (SPT) as the objective function. Cost and income models of installing the P2H equipment are constructed by taking into account the auxiliary service market policies. The peak-shaving income model of the CHP plant is derived emphatically as a key part of the proposed method. Finally, the district heating region in Jilin province is used as a case study example. The results show that adding the P2H equipment is significantly effective in improving the peak-shaving ability of CHP units, and investing in heat pumps is more cost-effective than electric boilers. The proposed method can be applied to other northern regions relying on CHP units for central heating, providing a valuable solution to the problem of wind power curtailment in these regions.

A Real-Time Electricity Price Decision Model for Demand Side Management in Wind Power Heating Mode

The problem of wind power curtailment (WPC) during winter heating periods in China’s “Three-North regions” is becoming worse. Wind power heating, though being an effective way to increase wind power consumptions, is constrained by high electric heating costs under a peak-to-valley electricity price pattern. This study develops a real-time price (RTP) decision model which adjusts the time-varying RTPs within an acceptable range of heating users based on the WPC distribution over a particular dispatch day. The lower RTPs accompanying the higher WPC can guide the electric heating user side equipped with regenerative electric boilers (REBs) to actively increase REB imports to absorb additional wind generation. Then, the demand side response using REBs under the RTP scheme is optimized to minimize the total heating cost met by electric heating users while assisting in the large-scale wind generation accommodation. The total heating costs and WPC reductions under different heating scenarios are compared and discussed alongside the effectiveness of the RTP-based demand side management in terms of reducing the WPC and heating costs and increasing the feasibility of wind power heating during winter heating periods.

Frequency-Voltage Characteristics Concerned Optimal Dispatch

The rapid development of integrated wind power bring serious challenges to power system operation. In order to address the increasing wind power curtailment problem, the frequency-voltage characteristics concerned optimal dispatch for power system with large-scale wind power integration is proposed in this paper. Through integration of the optimization of frequency characteristics and voltage characteristics into the traditional power system economic dispatch model, the flexibility resources of generation side and load sides in power systems are mobilized to promote large-scale wind power accommodation. The formulated frequency-voltage characteristics concerned optimal dispatch mathematical model is a nonlinear programming model, which is solved by the GAMS platform. The numerical analysis for an actual provincial power grid indicates that the proposed frequency-voltage characteristics concerned optimal dispatch method can promote wind power utilization efficiency and improve the economy of power system operation.

An Optimal Day-Ahead Thermal Generation Scheduling Method to Enhance Total Transfer Capability for the Sending-Side System with Large-Scale Wind Power Integration

The rapidly increasing penetration of wind power into sending-side systems makes the wind power curtailment problem more severe. Enhancing the total transfer capability (TTC) of the transmission channel allows more wind power to be delivered to the load center; therefore, the curtailed wind power can be reduced. In this paper, a new method is proposed to enhance TTC, which works by optimizing the day-ahead thermal generation schedules. First, the impact of thermal generation plant/unit commitment on TTC is analyzed. Based on this, the day-ahead thermal generation scheduling rules to enhance TTC are proposed herein, and the corresponding optimization models are established and solved. Then, the optimal day-ahead thermal generation scheduling method to enhance TTC is formed. The proposed method was validated on the large-scale wind power base sending-side system in Gansu Province in China; the results indicate that the proposed method can significantly enhance TTC, and therefore, reduce the curtailed wind power.

Wind power development in the Belt and Road area of Xinjiang, China: Problems and solutions

Following the proposal of the “Belt and Road” strategy, Xinjiang has gradually become a critical wind power base and energy transmission channel in China. At present, however, much of Xinjiang's potential wind power is being curtailed. Owing to Xinjiang's strategic position, this issue may negatively impact wind power development in Xinjiang and China's overall energy strategy, and it is thus necessary to identify the causes of and solutions to wind power curtailment in Xinjiang. This study analyzes the problem of wind power development in Xinjiang, and proposes both technical and market policy measures. The research results show that establishing a regional power spot market and improving power system flexibility are the fundamental ways to solve the problem of wind power curtailment in Xinjiang.

Study on the problem of wind power curtailment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei based on risk-return

ABSTRACT The problem of wind curtailment is serious in China. It not only restricts the development of renewable energy, but also brings economic losses to the enterprises and the society. Unfortunately, the problem of wind power curtailment is difficult to eliminate under existing facilities and technical conditions. Therefore, it is a practicable way to control the wind power curtailment rate as far as possible on the premise of guaranteeing the profit of the power generation enterprise and meeting the demand for electricity users. In the context of the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this article presents a deep analysis of other energy generation, power grid planning, social benefits, electricity prices, and other factors associated with the wind power generation, then we constructed a complete “cost of wind curtailment” model. Finally, an uncertainty analysis is added to show the impact of some uncertainties on the model, which makes the model more complete, and after calculating the cost and benefit of “reducing the rate of wind curtailment,” some pertinent suggestions are given, which will provide policy basis for the development of renewable energy.

Demand side industrial load control for local utilization of wind power in isolated grids

Lack of flexible power source results in the high wind curtailment rate in northern and western China. Meanwhile, many energy-intensive industrial loads such as the polysilicon production enterprises went bankrupt because of the high costs of huge electricity consumption. Constructing the high electricity consumption enterprises for local utilization of wind power is effective to alleviate the wind power curtailment problem, and the high cost of the electricity consumption for the industrial load production can be reduced correspondingly. Thus, a new wind power local utilization way that an isolated power grid driven by coal and wind power for polysilicon production is presented. However, without the power support from the bulk power system, frequency stability issue is critical for the industrial isolated power system. Based on the actual production process, a polysilicon load control method by adjusting the pieced voltage value and voltage piecing time is proposed for supplementary frequency regulation. The detailed polysilicon load characteristic model is established considering the constraints of cooling water flow rate and temperature so that the polysilicon production quality is not impacted by the load control. An actual isolated power grid with high wind power penetration is studied as the example case to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy under different working conditions.

Optimization method for multi-access capacity of wind power based on copula

With the increasing penetration of distributed wind power, the problem of wind power curtailment is becoming more and more serious due to the unreasonable installed capacity. A method is proposed to optimize the wind power capacity allocation for regional power grids. The main factors that affect wind power accommodation are analyzed according to the wind speed probability density function and the wind power output model. The correlation model of different wind farms is established by the Frank-Copula function. Aiming at reducing the total wind power curtailment, a distributed wind power installed capacity optimization method is proposed with the correlation model. The optimal capacity allocation of the system is calculated by genetic algorithm and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the case of IEEE RTS-79.

Current status and development trend of wind power generation-based hydrogen production technology

The hydrogen production technology by wind power is an effective mean to improve the utilization of wind energy and alleviate the problem of wind power curtailment. First, the basic principles and technical characteristics of the hydrogen production technology by wind power are briefly introduced. Then the history of the hydrogen production technology is reviewed, and on this basis, the hydrogen production system by wind power is elaborated in detail. In addition, the prospect of the application of the hydrogen production technology by wind power is analyzed and discussed. In the end, the key technology of the hydrogen production by wind power and the problems to be solved are comprehensively reviewed. The development of hydrogen production technology by wind power is analyzed from many aspects, which provides reference for future development of hydrogen production technology by wind power.

Development and Analysis of the Wind Power Industry in Xinjiang, China

As one of the energy bases of China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has participated in a series of developing programs, such as The Western Development (2000), The Belt and the Road (2014), and The Global Energy Internet Strategy (2015), which signify that China places considerable importance to the sustainable development of the energy industry in Xinjiang. As an important part of the energy industry in Xinjiang, the emerging wind power industry in this region has developed rapidly in recent years. However, many problems have emerged, such as the abandoned wind power rationing, which seriously restricts the healthy development of the wind power industry. In this study, we introduce the development of the renewable energy industry and analyze the wind energy resources in Xinjiang. We mainly investigate the development situation and existing problems in the wind power industry. Then we focus on the problem of wind power curtailment, analyze the causes, and propose measures and strategies to alleviate this problem. Our findings will contribute to the sustainable development of the wind power industry in Xinjiang.

The optimal deployment model of energy storage systems considering large-scale wind farms connected

In order to solve the serious wind power curtailment problem caused by the rapid development of large-scale wind power, a multi-point layout energy storage system is proposed in the grid with the large proportion of wind power. Considering the energy storage costs, wind power curtailment costs and the penalty for loss of load, the energy storage planning model is established by introducing the problem of unit commitments with restrictions, which can be solved by using the mature commercial software CPLEX. Finally, taking the standard IEEE 24 node system as an example, different case studies are carried out. It is found that energy storage cost, wind farm location and access power have an important influence on energy storage layout and configuration capacity.

Coupling of Wind Power Heating with High Energy-Consuming Industries to Increase Wind Power Consumption in Xinjiang, China

Numerous problems have emerged with the rapid development of wind power in Xinjiang. The predominant problem is the inhibition of the healthy development of the wind power industry by wind power curtailment in Xinjiang. In this study, wind power heating and high energy-consuming industries were coupled to increase wind power consumption in Xinjiang on the load side. The feasibility analysis of wind power heating in Dabancheng showed that the heating load characteristics coincide with the wind characteristics and the electric heating technology can fulfill the requirements for wind power heating. A business model innovation achieved a win–win situation. Furthermore, a wind power heating system was designed in Dabancheng, the boiler capacity and the heat storage capacity were calculated, and a heating system model with heat storage technology was established. Wind power heating with heat storage can improve the consumption of wind power and increase the local electric load and system adjustability. Furthermore, heating with curtailed wind power can save 2942 tons of standard coal as well as reduce 5172 tons of CO2, 2.9 tons of SO2, 22 tons of NOX, and 2 tons of soot emissions. Non-grid-connected distributed wind power was applied to the high energy-consuming coal chemical industry to reduce wind power curtailment, expand the consumption market, and reduce pollution. A multifunctional wind-photovoltaic complementary system with hydrogen energy storage coupled with traditional high energy-consuming coal chemical industry was established. The implementation plan using wind and solar energy to produce, store, and apply hydrogen energy was proven beneficial. Wind power consumption was improved on the load side. The wind power curtailment problem was reduced by increasing local load using the curtailed wind power to provide clean heat in Dabancheng and constructing the multifunctional wind–photovoltaic complementary system. This study will contribute to the healthy and sustainable development of the wind power industry in Xinjiang.

Flow Field Analysis of Wind Power Generation System

The purpose is to solve the problem of wind power curtailment in the wind power generation system. A new type of wind power generation system made of flexible blades is proposed. Combined with the experimental method and numerical simulation method, the impeller blades are analyzed by flow field. The values of the lift coefficient of the leaves under different working conditions were obtained and analyzed. The optimum curvature and the range of the best angle of attack are determined. The influence of the parameters such as the curvature of the blade and the angle of attack on the hydrodynamic performance of the blade and impeller in the power generation system is obtained. The results showed that the best curvature K was 0.019 and the best angle of attack was 20°. Therefore, it can be concluded that it reveals the influence of blade curvature and angle of attack on the lift coefficient.

Optimum Subsidy to Promote Electric Boiler Investment to Accommodate Wind Power

The increasing development of combined heat and power (CHP) plants is exacerbating the wind power curtailment problem in regional power grids during the winter heating season. Electric boilers (EBs) were proposed to be employed within CHP plants to relieve this problem. However, CHP plants usually have no incentive for investing in EBs. Therefore, CHP plants must be incentivized to make such investments through appropriate compensation from beneficiaries, i.e., government and wind farms, although this has not previously been discussed. We propose a game theory model to simulate the impact of government subsidies on EB investment. We analyzed the utilization of the involved parties with the marginal cost and average cost and applied game theory to simulate the investment decisions. Then, an approximate enumeration technique was developed to identify the optimum government subsidy. An actual case of a regional power grid in northern China was investigated to validate the proposed method. A minimum government subsidy to maximize total social benefit was calculated; this subsidy can incentivize wind farms and CHP plants to invest in and use EBs.

Analysis of China's wind power development driven by incentive policies based on system dynamics model

Under the increasing pressure of mitigating air pollution, wind power has been considered as the leader of China's energy revolution for a long time. Although China's wind power development enjoys a favorable policy environment, it is still impeded by the problem of wind power curtailment and overreliance on price subsidies. First, this paper built a system dynamics model to simulate China's wind power development during 2012–2032 considering both economic and technical factors. Further, sensitivity analyses and scenario analysis are performed to analyze the variation ranges of simulation results of different factor settings. The analysis results indicate that China's wind power might not develop as expected under the current development pattern. Our model allows evaluating the long-term trend and major constraints of China's wind power under the latest incentive policies, thus helping to provide reference for policy-making institutions.

A source–grid–load coordinated power planning model considering the integration of wind power generation

Power system planning approach should meet the new requirements brought by continuous development of power systems. In recent years, wind power generation capacity keeps a rapid growth, but the problem of wind power curtailment becomes increasingly serious in some countries. The limitations of wind power integration produced by power systems, such as the inconsistency between installed generation capacity and transmission capacity and the insufficiency of regulation capacity, are drawing the attention in both academia and industry. This paper proposes a source–grid–load coordinated planning model for power systems with regulation capacity constraints being taken into account. In this novel model, traditional generation expansion planning and transmission expansion planning are integrated, and the peak-load regulation capacity and flexible regulation capability of power systems are considered. Meanwhile, the positive impacts of demand response are also taken into consideration. The numerical study verifies that the source–grid–load coordinated planning model can not only reduce the overall cost of the system, but also improve the wind power integration capacity and guarantee the sustainable development of wind power generation.

大规模风电并网后高载能负荷参与调节对调峰裕度的影响

随着大规模风电并网容量的快速增加，机组的调峰容量已经满足不了不断增大的调峰需求，弃风愈加严重，风电功率送出受到了严重的制约。提高电网调峰裕度成为当前亟待研究和解决的问题。本文基于大规模风电接入电网，首先对大规模风电并网对系统调峰裕度的影响进行了分析，然后对高载能负荷的调节特性及其参与调峰的可行性进行了研究，在此基础上，研究了高载能负荷参与调节对调峰裕度的影响。最后以实例进行了仿真计算分析，验证了高载能负荷参与调节可显著增大系统调峰裕度。 In recent years, wind power generation capacity keeps a rapid growth, and the peak regulation capacity of conventional unit can’t meet the increasing needs of peak regulation, and the problem of wind power curtailment becomes increasingly serious, so the output of wind power is restricted. Raising the peak regulation margin has become an important problem to be studied and solved. Under the condition that a significant wind power integrates into the system, this paper first ana-lyzes the influence of significant wind power integration on the system’s peak regulation margin, and then discusses the high-energy load’s characteristics and its feasibility of helping peak regula-tion. Based on this, this paper studies the influence of the high-energy load’s participation on the system’s peak regulation margin. Finally, an example is illustrated and researched with simulation, and the simulation results prove that the high-energy load’s participating in regulation can increase the peak regulation margin effectively.

Analysis on the Influence Factors of Wind Power Accommodation

With the increase of wind power capacity in China, the situation of curtailment of wind power is getting worse. An annual sequence production simulation model is established with maximum wind power consumption as the objective function. The calculation of specific power grid operation in 2013 verifies the precision of this model. The impact of different factors on wind power accommodation as well as the impact of power grid reserve, wind resources and load on wind power curtailment is analyzed. The calculation results quantify the impact of different factors from power system to the accommodation of wind power and provide reference to solving the problem of wind power curtailment.