Self-esteem Problems Research Articles

Internet gaming disorder in early adolescence: Associations with parental and adolescent mental health

BackgroundInternet gaming disorder (IGD) has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Currently, associations between IGD in early adolescence and mental health are largely unexplained. In the present study, the relation of IGD with adolescent and parental mental health was investigated for the first time. MethodsWe surveyed 1095 family dyads (an adolescent aged 12–14 years and a related parent) with a standardized questionnaire for IGD as well as for adolescent and parental mental health. We conducted linear (dimensional approach) and logistic (categorical approach) regression analyses. ResultsBoth with dimensional and categorical approaches, we observed statistically significant associations between IGD and male gender, a higher degree of adolescent antisocial behavior, anger control problems, emotional distress, self-esteem problems, hyperactivity/inattention and parental anxiety (linear regression model: corrected R2=0.41, logistic regression model: Nagelkerke's R2=0.41). ConclusionsIGD appears to be associated with internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. Moreover, the findings of the present study provide first evidence that not only adolescent but also parental mental health is relevant to IGD in early adolescence. Adolescent and parental mental health should be considered in prevention and intervention programs for IGD in adolescence.

How to improve communication among students in a language classroom

An atmosphere full of conflicts leads to uncertainty; it can even lead to difficulties in relationships and misun­derstanding within the group. It is im­portant to mention that in a classroom where there are too many disagree­ments and unresolved issues, there are problems of self-esteem for some of its members, which may be the cause of aggression towards others and lead to interpersonal conflicts, too. As the envi­ronment in the classroom depends on each student and their attitude, as well as a definition of one´s role within the group, a harmonic environment is con­structed by collaborative and respectful behavior towards oneself and all others.This project is a design of a pro­gram based on empowerment strate­gies of different pedagogical and psy­chological influences, aimed to improve interpersonal and intrapersonal relation­ships in the classroom. The term empow­erment in this context is understood as increasing an individual’s inner strength to make changes in their personal lives and their environment. The objective of this project is to achieve a peaceful en­vironment and improve communication in the classroom through empowerment techniques. Empowerment techniques in this project include exercises for stu­dents in order to develop their aware­ness about the importance of finding their unique role in the group and acting accordingly to search for a specific atti­tude for each member of the group that will not harm or disturb others; and to learn how to accept others, considering each student’s background.

CONSUMPTION OF JUNK FOOD; A CAUSE OF DENTAL CARIES AMONG EARLY CHILDHOOD

Unfortunately, today’s world has been adapted to a system of consumption of junk foods which has several adverse effects on health.Thus the study was conducted to find out the food habits and problems associated with fast food consumption amongst the children of 3-6 years of age of Pilibhit District of UP. The result showed that cent per cent respondents consumed candies followed by potato chips, chocolate, ice-cream and soft drink, as 93.33 %, 90 %, 96.66 %, and 66.66 % respectively. Besides this the frequency of consumption was also very high. It was seen that due to the food consumption pattern the respondents were having the problem of dental caries (100%) halitosis (bad smell) (93.33 %) severe decay (93.33%) pain in teeth while consuming sweet hot and cold (80%) chalky white spots (80%) plague deposit on teeth surface (73.33 %) and brown spots (66.66 %). Junk food can affect a child’s physical development in detrimental ways, including unhealthy weight gain, which can result in self-esteem problems in future also. Thus it should be controlled.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENGAGEMENT IN MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG AFFLUENT ADOLESCENT GIRLS

This study examined the influence of growth-fostering mentoring relationships on the self-esteem of adolescent female students from affluent communities. Studies have demonstrated that this population of students is susceptible to psychological distress and self-esteem problems, due to perfectionistic strivings and achievement pressures. Specifically, we hypothesized that growth-fostering mentoring relationships (e.g., with teachers and school staff) would be positively associated with self-esteem. Moreover, we expected that this association would be mediated by engagement in purposeful activities. The authors surveyed 207 girls from two independent secondary schools and found support for the mediation hypothesis. Using an ordinary least squares regression approach, the association between growth-fostering mentoring relationships and self-esteem was mediated by youth engagement in purposeful activities. Implications for future research and practice in schools are discussed.

A qualitative exploration of the work of embodiment in adolescent girls with obesity.

Social representations generally associate obesity, especially in adolescent girls, with sedentariness, lack of self-control and laziness. These girls thus have substantial problems of self-esteem. Dietary, lifestyle and behavioural approaches alone cannot address this issue, for they do not apprehend all of the complexity of obesity. This qualitative study is based on a dual observation: that the work performed by adolescents is unrecognized and that the body is not considered as a subject of analysis. It raises the question of the corporality of these teens through an original perspective: that of the perspective of their organization of actions on, to and by the body, in specific situations. The objective is to have access to the corporal experience of young girls with obesity, so that we can understand and support them better. The data come from semi-directive interviews with 10 adolescent girls with obesity. The content was analysed in terms of concepts of professional didactics (a branch of educational psychology) and enaction. Five situations were identified from these interviews: the first, shopping with friends, concerns actions by the subjects towards their bodies; the other four are enacted actions: conduct towards a normal-weight person, conduct in public transportation, performing physical activity, and eating. The results show the work of these young women with obesity, the means they mobilize to live in their bodies and their considerable efforts of embodiment. Recognition of this work should help to enhance their self-esteem. Treatment and support may take this dimension of work into account and help them to become aware of the efforts they make every day.

ADHD complex correction in children

About a third of children are described as overactive by their parents, and up to a fifth of schoolchildren are described in this way by their teachers. Diagnosis of ADHD can be exhibited in 3–7% of children reached school age. It is not surprising that in children with ADHD as a result of such symptoms develop low self-esteem and emotional problems, often observed a variety of neurotic symptoms and behavioral disorders. The aim of our work was to investigate effectiveness of GABA-ergic medications in complex correction of ADHD children. It is investigated and treated 69 children with ADHD in age from 6 to 12 years. All the children were assigned GABA-ergic medications in doses that depended on the age of the child within three months. Besides medication, parents with their children carried out psychological adjustment, first of all it was a psychological training of parents based on system model of psychotherapy and appropriate recommendations for changes in behavioral strategies in relation to children. After treatment 100% of parents noted improvement of children's state. However, symptoms significantly smoothed in 51 children, children were more attentive, calmer, and more reflective. It was made significant changes in the relationships of parents with children that manifested itself in improving mutual understanding, increased positive reinforcement, reducing cases of different methods of punishment and expression of dissatisfaction with the behavior of children. Therefore, GABA-ergic medications can be successfully used in complex correction in children with ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Psychosocial support and parents' social life determine the self-esteem of orphan children.

Parental death affects the life of children in many ways, one of which is self-esteem problems. Providing psychosocial support and equipping orphans play a vital role in their lifes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 7–18-year-old orphans at 17 local districts of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Regional State of Ethiopia. From a total of 48,270 orphans in these areas, 4,368 were selected using stratified simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with a designed questionnaire based on the Rosenberg’s rating scale to measure their self-esteem levels. Self-esteem with a score less than or equal to an average score was considered to be low self-esteem in the analysis. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the data using the SPSS software. The results of the study revealed that the probability of orphans suffering from low self-esteem was 0.59. Several risk factors were found to be significant at the level of 5%. Psychosocial support (good guidance, counseling and treatment, physical protection and amount of love shared, financial and material support, and fellowship with other children), parents living together before death, strong relationship between parents before death, high average monthly income, voluntary support, and consideration from the society are some of the factors that decrease the risk of being low in self-esteem. There are many orphans with low self-esteem in the study areas. The factors negatively affecting the self-esteem of orphans include the lack of psychosocial support, poor social life of parents, and death of parents due to AIDS. Society and parents should be aware of the consequences of these factors which can influence their children’s future self-esteem.

Change in body weight and body image in young adults: a longitudinal study

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to identify the effect of the change in body mass index (BMI) from childhood to adulthood on body image satisfaction at 23 years of age in members of the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Pelotas, RS, Brazil.MethodsThe study used data from the 1986 and 2004–5 follow-up studies. Body shape satisfaction was evaluated using the Stunkard scale. Body shape dissatisfaction was defined as the difference between the figures chosen for the current and ideal body size. BMI z-score changes were calculated as the difference between z-score values at 4 and 23 years of age, using the population internal z-score as standard. The analysis was stratified by sex, and multinomial logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted analyses.ResultsA total of 1963 men and 1739 women were analyzed. The mean age of the participants in 2004–5 was 22.7 years. Of the participants exhibiting increased BMI z-scores, 17% perceived themselves as thinner than ideal, whereas 48% perceived themselves as fatter than ideal. The prevalence of dissatisfaction was higher in women because they perceived themselves as fatter than ideal on the three categories of z-score change (≥ + 0.5 sd; −0.49 to + 0.49 sd and ≤ −0.5 sd); 81% of women exhibiting an increased BMI z-score reported dissatisfaction. The analysis adjusted for confounding factors revealed that women with increased BMI z-scores were less prone to feel thinner than ideal. Additionally, the increased risk of dissatisfaction due to perceiving oneself as fatter than ideal was similar between men and women (RRR = 3.52 95% CI: 2.17 to 4.56 and RRR = 4.08 95% CI: 3.00 to 5.56, respectively) using −0.49 to +0.49 sd as the reference category.ConclusionsIndividuals exhibiting increased BMI z-scores between 4 and 23 years of age reported higher risks of body dissatisfaction at 23 years of age. This finding is important because body dissatisfaction can cause psychological, social, self-esteem problems, and well-being.

Психологический анализ феноменов искажений религиозного опыта

The article addresses the problem of distortions of the spiritual experience, with which psychotherapist encounters while working with religious clients. In the focus are the phenomena of substitution, which are understood as distortions of the spiritual experience. The person himself sees them as normal, spiritually right, healthy and as being signs of spiritual development etc. Along the line of conceptualizing the practice of working with believers the article introduces the analysis of such psychological dis- turbances as: being unable to recognize own feelings, deficiency of valuing own self. The ways in which such phenomena occur are discussed, especially their peculiarities among religious people. Negative consequences of such psychological problems for spiritual life of Christians are analyzed. Main reasons behind these phenomena and some recommendations in addressing them during psychotherapy are pointed out. The associations between the problems of self-esteem and self-value are given.

Improving health and wellbeing in women's secure services: physical activity, appearance, self-care and body image

Purpose– Lifestyle change to improve physical health is a significant challenge in secure psychiatric hospitals for women. In addition to factors that contribute to an obesogenic environments body image, self-care, self-esteem, and motivational problems compound efforts to increase physical activity and to lose weight. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Two elements of a comprehensive programme to improve physical health and mental wellbeing are discussed. The first describes the development of a unique role of self-care and body image therapists and an evaluation of the effects of treatment. The second describes initiatives to assess the environmental and therapeutic milieu contingencies that impact on physical activity and to increase engagement in exercise through motivational strategies.Findings– Research within the current settings has resulted in a validation of the role of the self-care and body image therapist. Other evaluations have described the environmental contingencies that impact on physical activity along with strategies to increase exercise participation.Originality/value– While much has to be learnt about how to translate awareness of the value of a healthy lifestyle for women into positive behaviour change the programme described represents part of a comprehensive and long term attempt to evaluate and improve the physical wellbeing of women in secure care.

Basic Theoretical and Conceptual Approaches to Study Self-esteem in Domestic and Foreign Literature

The author analyzes and discloses psychological views on the problem of self-esteem and the main theoretical approaches of scholars concerning this phenomenon. The basic conditions that affect the development of identity and self-esteem are analyzed. The author describes the views of scientists on the structure of personality and place of self-esteem in it. It was also considered various approaches of psychology theories on self-esteem definition.

Improving Self-Esteem in Women Diagnosed with Turner Syndrome: Results of a Pilot Intervention

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate a brief intervention to improve the self esteem of women diagnosed with Turner syndrome (TS). DesignProspective observational study. SettingTurner Syndrome Support Society, UK. Participants30 women aged 18-60 years. InterventionA 1-day psychology workshop targeting problems of self-esteem in women diagnosed with TS. The workshop drew on cognitive-behavioral therapy and narrative therapy skills and emphasized increased self-awareness of interpersonal difficulties and improved capacity for self-management. Main Outcome MeasuresRosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSS); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); bespoke user experiences questionnaire. ResultsAll 30 women provided baseline data, 27/30 provided immediate post-intervention data and 22/30 provided follow-up data at 3 months. The intervention improved RSS and HADS scores at 3 months. ConclusionGeneric skills-based psychological interventions have the potential to be adapted to provide brief and low-cost interventions to improve self-esteem and reduce psychological distress in women diagnosed with TS.

REABILITACIJOS PROCESE DALYVAUJANČIŲ NUO NARKOTIKŲ PRIKLAUSOMŲ ŽMONIŲ ASMENYBĖS IR PSICHOLOGINĖS GEROVĖS

The main objective of this study was to research the personality traits of substance abusers in rehabilitation centers and correctional facilities, and their possible connections with well-being. To obtain this objective, four goals were set: 1. to evaluate personality traits of substance abusers and to compare it with Lithuania’s representative sample; 2. to evaluate the well-being of substance abusers and to compare it with Lithuania’s representative sample; 3. to evaluate possible connections between personality traits and well-being of substance abusers; 4. to presume future guidelines for studies in this particular field. Two instruments have been used – Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2TM (MMPI-2) and Lithuanian scale of well-being. There were 75 substance abusers, involved in this study, of which 28 were from correctional facilities and 47 from psychosocial rehabilitation centers. The results revealed such tendencies: 1. Personality traits of substance abusers and those of Lithuania’s representative sample differed in most of MMPI-2 scales (especially psychopathy). Personality traits of sentenced men were less likely to differ from norms than those of who were not sentenced. 2. Substance abusers were less satisfied in general and in most areas of life, comparing to Lithuania’s representative sample. However substance abusers were slightly more satisfied with their physical health than people in representative sample. 3. While comparing personality traits and well-being, strongest connections have been found with: psychopathy, paranoia, psychasthenia, depression, poor self-esteem and familial problems, negative emotionality, low satisfaction with interpersonal relations, low satisfaction with physical health and general well-being. 4. Larger samples of substance abusers should be researched in future studies, also other important aspects – such as methods of treatment – should also be taken into account.

Assessment of Adolescents' Self- Esteem in Secondary Schools

Objectives: To assess the secondary schools obese adolescents' self esteem level. Methodology: A descriptive study is carried out at AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf City, of December 1st, 2011 to April 6th, 2012. A multi stage sample of (1350) subjects; it is selected throughout the use of probability sampling. The data are collected through the use of semi-constructed questionnaire, which consist of three parts (1) Economic Sociodemographic data of that consist of 14-items (2) Index of Self Esteem Scale that consists of 25-items (3) Anthropometric Measurements which consist of Weight and Height. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of (24) experts. Results: The finding of the present study indicate that there is highly significant relationship between the obesity and the study participants' gender, their order in the family, mother education level, and family socio-economic status. While the obesity and the other variables indicated no significant relationship. The results also shows highly significant relationship between the obesity and the index of self esteem. There is a significant relationship between the index of self-esteem domain and the order of student in family, fathers' education level, and socio-economic status. Other variables indicated no significant. Conclusion: Present study concluded that the most of the secondary schools obese adolescents have self-esteem problem, and percentage of obesity (17.3%). Recommendation: the study recommends that the students would be given an opportunities to participate in social organizations, conferences, and study projects to promote their level of self-esteem constructing and implementing educational programs for secondary schools teachers about how to decrease obesity among their students. Mass media approach should be employed by the Ministry of education to increase students knowledge and awareness of the obesity as a health problem.

Exploring Parental Perception of the Childhood Overweight Paradigm

Childhood obesity has been the focus of many studies showing strong associationswith psychosocial effects of lower self-esteem, social isolation, discrimination, and peer problems. Furthermore, studies have indicated that parents are not aware of their child’s bodymass index (BMI). This current studywas to investigate parental perception of BMI on a child’s self-esteem and to explore parental perception of childhood overweight. A qualitative study with a grounded theory approach was used, utilizing focus groups and interviewing techniques to gather and examine the data. Participants (N 13) included the parents of elementary school children in northeast Pennsylvania. Data were organized, classified and summarized in order to locate cohesive themes and patterns, summarize tentative answers to research questions and conceptualize hypotheses and theories. Four themes emerged: affects of BMI on child self-esteem and peer relationships, causes of overweight through parents eyes, coping mechanisms and compensatory strategies, and roles that parental dietary behavior plays on child overweight. Unlike previous research, parents perceived a positive relationship between increased BMI and negative self-esteem. Negative self-esteem was thought to be influenced by factors including self-perception, peer relationships, ridicule, and the BMI report card. The factors that play a prominent role in the development of the child’s overweight are learned or copied dietary behaviors, parental homemaking and cooking, food rewards and bribes, and genetics. Health professionals should be cognizant that while parents may be aware of their child’s overweight and factors needed to control weight, they are not knowledgeable about appropriate means for changing behavior.

The Development of PROQOL-HIV

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is an important outcome in HIV/AIDS infection and treatment. However, most existing HIV-HRQL instruments miss important issues (eg, sleeping problems, lipodystrophy). They were developed before highly active antiretroviral therapy (pre-HAART), and in a single language. We sought to develop a contemporary HIV-HRQL instrument (PROQOL-HIV) in multiple languages that accounts for HAART treatment and side effects. This article details the 3-stage content validation phase of PROQOL-HIV. In stage 1, we developed a conceptual model of HIV-HRQL and questionnaire item bank from thematic analysis of 152 patient interviews conducted simultaneously across 9 countries. In stage 2, pilot items were selected by an expert panel to form the pilot instrument. Stage 3 involved linguistic validation and harmonization of selected items to form an equivalent instrument in 9 target languages. Analysis of 3375 pages of interview text revealed 11 underlying themes: general health perception, social relationships, emotions, energy/fatigue, sleep, cognitive functioning, physical and daily activity, coping, future, symptoms, and treatment. Seven issues new to HIV-HRQL measurement were subsumed by these themes: infection fears, future concerns, satisfaction with care, self-esteem problems, sleep problems, work disruption, and treatment issues. Of the 442 theme-related items banked, 70 items met the retention criteria and formed the pilot PROQOL-HIV instrument. HIV patients across 11 countries attributed a wide range of physical, mental, and social issues to their condition, many of which were not measured by existing HIV-HRQL instruments. The pilot PROQOL-HIV instrument captures these issues, is sensitive to sociocultural context, disease stage, and HAART.

P-564 - Waiting for bariatric surgery: Emotional experiences reported by brazilian morbidly obese women in preoperative period in public service

Obesity is a severe global public health problem that increases from year to year. Consequently, the number of bariatric surgeries has grown significantly. Obese seeking surgical treatment have a characteristic psychological profile and a greater incidence of psychiatric disorders. Emotional meaning of bariatric surgery for such patients is not sufficiently known. To understand the emotional experiences and the expectations of morbidly obese women candidates for bariatric surgery. Qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Purposeful sampling was closed by the criterion of saturation of information. The corpus was addressed by content analysis. Results are discussed with a psychodynamic theoretical framework. Women candidates for bariatric surgery have particular emotional experiences. They have magic expectations, believing that weight loss is certain after surgery and that their health, affective, and self-esteem problems will be resolved. They believe in social reinsertion and acceptance without prejudice, and also in improved affective relationships and sexual life. Rational understanding of postoperative difficulties conceals a veiled belief in a magic solution for personal problems. Inability to control amount of food ingested is transferred to an urgency to have surgery, perceived as a pressing need by these women. Team in charge of preparing patients should be attentive to a strong denial about the difficulties to be faced after surgery. Previous relationship with surgery is marked by an urgency that has the same cause of the yen for food typical of morbid obesity, and the team should be prepared to suggest appropriate moment for surgery.

르네 지라르의 욕망이론으로 본 양영순의 "천일야화"

Yang, Youngsun`s 1001 has been a monumental Web-toon work optimized in Web Environment. This paper has intended to explain semantics of 1001 (reconstructed works of the Arabian Nights) by mimesis theory of desires and scapegoat mechanism of Ren Girard; Shahriah, the protagonist, had been hurt by Queen`s affair, but in the depth of his mind, he had suffered the problem of injured self-esteem by his model, father. However, Shahriah`s mind had been recovered slowly by story therapy of Sheherezade. Sheherezade`s story therapy had made up by contrasting states, violence and sacrificial love. In the very end, Shariah had solved all the problems of the structural Negativities by accepting his fate.

Psychische Befindlichkeit und Leistungsmotivation bei Jugendlichen mit pathologischem Internetgebrauch

In Germany, the internet is used by 69.4% of the population or 49 million people, and 100% of adolescents (between 14 to 19 years of age) spend time in the internet at least occasionally. An excessive use of the internet may lead to negative psychosocial consequences and changes in behaviour. This phenomenon is named "pathological internet use". Until now, there are only few studies published that investigate mental well being in German adolescents with pathological internet use. 16 participants of an outpatient treatment program for pathological internet use and 16 healthy adolescents were compared on self-reported levels of psychopathology (SPS-J), achievement motivation (FLM 7-13) and personal experience of attention deficit (FEDA). There were no differences in age, gender, intelligence or education between the two groups. Pathological internet users exhibited significantly elevated scores on self-esteem problems and the summary score of the SPS-J and significantly lower scores on FLM 7-13-dimensions "achievement ambition" and "perseverance/diligence" compared to controls. The results revealed that adolescents with pathological internet use report a higher level of psychopathology and lower levels of achievement motivation and drive. These findings should be taken into account when conceptualizing treatments for pathological internet users.

Humiliation, self-esteem and violence

Self-conscious emotions such as humiliation and shame, along with problems of self-esteem, have been related theoretically to aggression, anger and violence for many years. However, as existing systematic reviews show, studies with offenders are relatively rare, small in scale and have conflicting findings. In this article, we have limited our review and discussion to violence rather than including the full range of offending, because we consider humiliation and particular self-esteem patterns to be key triggers and vulnerabilities, respectively, for violence. We have drawn on existing theories, our own theoretical and research work, and where evidence is lacking, we have tried to triangulate information from related studies. We begin with definitions before discussing possible mechanisms and inevitably refer to narcissistic personality structures in relation to aggression. We consider particular groups such as sexual offenders and psychopaths. We describe assessment methods, both interview and psychometric tests, with reference to problems of masking and ‘faking good’. We conclude with ideas for treatment, based on the theoretical background presented. However, the absence of randomised control trial evidence for many forensic interventions means that this largely constitutes a discussion about what could be tried and evaluated rather than what is known to work.