The robust adaptive exponential synchronization problem of stochastic chaotic systems with structural perturbations is investigated in mean square. The stochastic disturbances are assumed to be Brownian motions that act on the slave system and the norm-bounded uncertainties exist in all parameters after decoupling. The stochastic disturbances could reflect more realistic dynamical behaviors of the coupled chaotic system presented within a noisy environment. By using a combination of the Lyapunov functional method, the robust analysis tool, the stochastic analysis techniques, and adaptive control laws, we derive several sufficient conditions that ensure the coupled chaotic systems to be robustly exponentially synchronized in the mean square for all admissible parameter uncertainties. This approach cannot only make the outputs of both master and slave systems reach H∞ synchronization with the passage of time between both systems but also attenuate the effects of the perturbation on the overall error system to a prescribed level. The main results are shown to be general enough to cover many existing ones reported in the literature.