Problematic Relationship Research Articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ТРУДОВЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ НА МАЛЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

The problem of social and labor relations in small businesses is relevant due to many circumstances: the priority of small business development is associated with its significant impact on employment, improvement of the socio-economic situation, reduction of tension in the labor market by creating additional jobs. In addition, small businesses should become a reliable taxable base for budgets of all levels. The object of the study is a social partnership as a mechanism for coordinating the interests of employees and employers in small businesses. The subject of the research is the regulation and improvement of social and labor relations within the framework of social partnership in small enterprises. The aim of the article is to improve social and labor relations in small enterprises based on the development of the social partnership. Methods of statistical analysis, data from a questionnaire survey of various categories of small business workers, analysis of materials provided by the FNPR, regions of the Russian Federation, the Russian Professional Union of Employees of Innovative and Small Enterprises, Internet sources served as the methodological basis for the study. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of the provisions of the social partnership system in the field of regulation of social and labor relations in small enterprises, proposals for the development of small business, proposals for building a mechanism for protecting the interests of SE employees. Based on the results of the study, in order to strengthen guarantees in the field of labor, recommendations were formulated and substantiated for concluding regional agreements at the level of Russian regions that apply to small enterprises and provide for the creation of appropriate associations of employers. They can be used to improve social partnership in the field of regulation of social and labor relations in the activities of small enterprises, as well as find application as aids in the educational process. The materials obtained during the study can be used by state bodies, the government, employers and trade unions to solve the country's economic, social and labor problems. The author concludes that it is necessary to establish guarantees in the system of social partnership in terms of indicators related to the regulation and protection of wages, ensuring stable employment and comfortable working conditions, and continuous training of personnel. In order to increase the employer's interest in creating proper working conditions at small businesses, it is proposed that the authorities, as one of the parties to social partnership, develop a system of measures, including government orders, grants, training, and state assistance in labor protection to cover expenses.

ЙОГО ВСЕСВЯТІСТЬ ПАТРІАРХ ВАРФОЛОМІЙІ ЯК ПАТРІАРХ І ГУМАНІСТ

The article examines the figure of the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, his pastoral ministry and humanistic attitude to the world and man on the basis of various sources and from the standpoint of comparative analysis. The problem of humanism and human relations is one of the main problems of the modern world, and Dimitrios Archondonis – Bartholomew I demonstrates with his life and deeds, the example of Christian humanism and love of neighbour, as it is commanded by Jesus Christ himself in the New Testament. The process of Ukrainian state renaissance, its national and spiritual formation are followed by a growing interest in Christian humanism, which in its essence and direction is an effective means of "moral healing", "spiritual revival", the formation of national identity, affirmation of its culture and "healthy" consciousness. Various philosophical, scientific, religious and other ideas and views on ecology, nature and man, the meaning of its existence, place and role in the world, which were developed and implemented throughout the historical development of world philosophy and culture in modern Ukraine need not only ideological and theoretical reasoning, but also a visual demonstration of examples of Christian humanism, an example of which is Bartholomew's I life and pastoral serving of God. Emphasizing the existence of a deep moral crisis in modern society, the Ecumenical Patriarch sees the root cause of all global problems in it. The way out of this crisis, in his opinion, is the formation of a new philosophy of international relations, the focus on broad international cooperation, the creation of a common European home, the Christianization of the whole Earth through the "evangelization of its peoples." Like all Christian churches, the Orthodox patriarch believes that the problem of war and peace is a planetary, global problem and at the same time a global challenge to all "globalized humanity" today. And the development of a new concept called "theology of peace" (or Orthodox "myrology"), started in the 60s of last century created by his ideologues, was the response of Orthodoxy to this challenge. A characteristic feature of the whole period of Bartholomew's I Patriarchal reign is the constant moral and humanistic dialogue not only in the middle of Orthodoxy itself, but also among the whole Christian world as a whole. The idea of harmony, tolerance, mutual understanding for him is the main issue for conversation and constructive dialogue with various religious figures and denominations.

A. V. Florovsky and Mark Block: Some Details to the Fate of the Historian in Exile

The article analyzes the letter-review “Quelques observations sur l'histoire des relation commercial entre l'Europe et des pays de l'Erope Orientale” by M. Block (founded by the authors in the Slavic Library in Prague) on the article sent to the “Annales” in November 1933 by A. V. Florovsky. A. V. Florovsky summarized his ten-year search in the problematic field of Czech-Russian relations in the X—XVIII centuries and it caused serious criticism from M. Bloсk. The text of the letter allows authors to highlight the main directions of this criticism, which was directed against the “bureau” architectonics of the text and insufficient attention to the problems of human and the socio-cultural context. This text, firstly, clarifies the publication policy of the “Annales” and the style of communication between editors and authors. And, secondly, it complements the existing ideas about the scientific fate of A. V. Florovsky in exile. This intellectual contact left a noticeable mark in the direction of Florovsky’s further searches, as evidenced by his subsequent publications on the problem of trade relations between the Czech Republic and Moravia with the countries of Eastern Europe.

«Точка сборки»: «Хижина дяди Тома» и американская культурная модель черной расы

Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly (1852) being the most powerful statement on the racial issue in the 19th century American literature, succeeded to incorporate and rethink everything that the national tradition had in stock on the problem of slavery and race relations. The Black racial / cultural identity model that was taking shape in the 18th century Anglo-American literature, later was being enriched and transformed throughout American (and African-American) literary history. Uncle Tom's Cabin became another crucial text (the next one after Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia) that provided the emerging Black cultural / racial identity model with a new quality: it became universal, nationally recognized — and at the same time a point of controversy provoking endless debates and open for dynamic change and transformations, as was the case with anti-Tom literature and the ambivalent reception of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in African American literary tradition. The analysis of The Planter’s Northern Bride (1854) by Caroline Lee Hentz, a typical example of anti-Tom novels, gives an idea of the pro-slavery response to Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The final part of the paper is a survey of the main stages in African American response since the 1853 argument between Martin Delany and Frederick Douglass that became a matrix for the further polemic, and up to Henry Louis Gates’s subversive “double-voiced” interpretation of the novel which is in full agreement with the tendency to revise the role of white Abolitionists in the antislavery movement and African American history, typical for African American studies in the 1990s–2000s.

Epistemological research problems of rail transport as a social institution

The problem of social relations’ institutionalization in various spheres of society is one of the relevant and elaborated in modern socio-humanitarian cognition. At the same time, the analysis of some social institutions reveals epistemological contradiction, consisting in insufficient reliability of knowledge about the research object, discrepancy of concepts, with the help of which it is interpreted; inconsistency of the methodological tools defined by the subject essence. There is a research situation in which the fact of the object’s existence in reality is registered, but there are no ideas about its nature and, consequently, clear definitions. Such objects include the railroad social institution. The relevance of the problem predetermined the purpose of the research, the achievement of which contributed to the resolution of the identified contradiction. The consistent solution of the research tasks allowed establishing the contexts of understanding the phenomenon of railroad at the professional, custom, value-symbolic and philosophical-theoretical levels of understanding; identifying theoretical and methodological approaches to the railroad social institution definition; developing a dispositive model and, on its basis, offering the variants of the definition of this institution.

Automatic Information Extraction in the Third-Generation Semiconductor Materials Domain Based on DKNet and MANet

The third-generation semiconductor materials (TGSMs) is a frontier scientific domain, where researchers need to consult extensive literature for the entity information on materials, devices, preparation methods, and experimental performances, and sort out the complex relations between them. However, the explosion of relevant papers has far exceeded researchers’ reading ability. In this article, the TGSM-field automatic information extraction is conducted based on entity recognition (ER) and relation extraction (RE) techniques. First, the corpora used for ER and RE in this field are created. Second, aiming at the complexity of the entities, a neural network using domain knowledge (DKNet) is proposed to improve ER performance. It uses the keyword sequence of each entity type as prior knowledge, adds a dedicated embedding to encode entity categories, then combines prior knowledge and encoded vectors with the context through a gated information fusion module to assist recognition. As for the indicative word dependence problem of entity relations, a multi-aspect attention-based network model (MANet) is proposed to enhance the attention to relation-indicative words, thereby improving the RE performance. Finally, F1 scores of 74.5 and 85.9 were achieved on the created ER and RE test sets, outperforming other advanced models by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.4~\sim ~10.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , which is the best performance of the TGSM-field automatic information extraction.

УКРАЇНСЬКО-РОСІЙСЬКІ КУЛЬТУРНІ ВЗАЄМИНИ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ЮРІЯ ШЕВЕЛЬОВА

The article reveals the views of the famous Ukrainian scientist Y. Shevelov on the problem of Ukrainian-Russian cultural relations. It is argued that the researcher's works were an alternative to the concepts prevailing in Soviet science, which considered a set of issues of Ukrainian-Russian relations exclusively within the framework of official ideology. It is pointed out that one of the most destructive factors in the development of Ukrainian culture, Y. Shevelov considered provinciality, which in his writings appears as a „psychological complex‟ caused by the history and colonial position of Ukraine. The expansion of Ukrainians into the Tsardom of Muscovy in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, the colonial absorption of Ukraine led to the fact that the Ukrainian culture for a long time lost its direct connection with Europe. It is emphasized that Y. Shevelov made efforts to refute the stereotypical views prevailing in the works of Soviet scientists about the positive influence of figures of Russian culture on the Ukrainian one. In particular, he has been proving the invalidity of the assessment adopted in the USSR that T. Shevchenko got inspired by the Russian critics and publicists M. Chernyshevskyi and M. Dobrolubov. Among modern Russian writers, Y. Shevelov singled out the author of the "Gulag Archipelago" A. Solzhenitsyn, who in his fundamental work revealed the mechanism of the Soviet punitive system. At the same time, the scientist emphasized that A. Solzhenitsyn failed to overcome the Russian imperial complexes, which is manifested in his attitude to the enslaved peoples of the Soviet Union. Y. Shevelov draws a parallel between the work of A. Solzhenitsyn and the novel "The Garden of Gethsemane" by Ivan Bahrianyi, who much earlier than the Russian author raised the topic of testing a person in the grip of a totalitarian-repressive system. It is noted, that in general in his writings Y. Shevelov interpreted Ukrainian and Russian cultures as excellent systems, the relationship between which he repeatedly regarded as the history of a great and still unfinished war.

Российский император Петр I Великий и Тамбовская епархия

The problem of church-state relations during the reign of Emperor Peter I is studied. In the general historical discourse, the cause-and-effect relationships of the state reforms carried out by the emperor in Russia and related events from life of Tambov Diocese are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a systematic understanding of church history in critical eras, including the regional aspect, in order to build effective interaction between the state, the Church and society at the present stage. Using narrative and historical-chronological methods of research, a holistic picture of the life of the Tambov Diocese at the end of the 17th – beginning of the 18th centuries is recreated, noting the facts of the negative influence of the internal policy chosen by Emperor Peter I towards the Orthodox Church, up to the deprivation of its independent government, which continued from 1701 to 1758. Concrete facts from the life of representatives of the clergy and laity are given, revealing the depth of socio-political contradictions that have arisen. In conclusion, we claims that Peter’s reforms had a destructive effect on the activities of Tambov Diocese founded in 1682: they gave rise to internal discord, prevented active missionary preaching among the heterogeneous local population for several decades.

Historical Aspects of the Establishment of the Great Seven

The relevance of the study is conditioned by many historical and modern aspects. In particular, by revealing the issues of creating an international organisation, it is possible to understand what functions the organisation had, and the purpose of the organisation's existence against the background of historical events and modernity. The purpose of the study is to highlight the prerequisites and history of the creation of the International organisation Group of Seven (also known as G7), to investigate the influence and significance of this organisation, both in the past and in the context of modern international relations. The scientific approach is based on methods of systematic analysis of other studies and publications, and analysis of documents, in particular, international treaties, memoranda, etc. In addition, historical and comparative, historical and system methods were used, which allowed determining the place of the organisation in the general historical process. The main results of scientific research should be considered the definition of both the prerequisites for the establishment of the Group of Seven and its results, namely: the activities and significance of the organisation, and the definition of the role of an international organisation in historical and modern contexts. Practical application of the results obtained in the course of research is possible as a tool for solving a number of both historiographical and political science problems. In particular, the study can help solve the problem of interstate relations between developed countries and developing countries, the problem of the political and economic unity of developed countries, the problem of relevance and loss of influence of Western countries, and the growth of influence of developing countries, the problem of the relevance of the G7 format and its replacement with the G20 format, etc.

Baltic Germans and Germany: on the Problem of Mutual Relations (from the period of the First World War to the 1930s)

Baltic Germans and Germany: on the Problem of Mutual Relations (from the period of the First World War to the 1930s)

From the Origins to Modern Relationships between the African American Community and the Republican Party

This article is devoted to the consideration of the relationship between the Republican Party and the black population of the United States. The paper analyzes the historical reasons that influenced the sharp weakening of the position of the Republicans in the African American community. Exploring the characteristics of the electoral behavior of the black population of the country, this article focuses on how groups of voters traditionally attributed to Republican supporters, for example, by age or income level, behave differently in the case of African Americans. In this regard, the paper examines in detail the specific features inherent in Black Republicans, which distinguish them from the majority of the representatives of the African American community who support the Democrats. The study analyzes various measures that the Republican Party currently continues to take in an attempt to increase support among the black population. Particular attention is paid to the problem of interracial relations, as one of the most important factors preventing the Republicans from changing their image in the eyes of the majority of African Americans.

The Model of Ethnic Democracy: The Experience of Hinduization of Indian Democracy in the 2010s

The coming to power in India in 2014 of the Bharatiya Janata Party, and then its landslide victory in the elections in 2019, significantly changed the political landscape in the country. This article discusses the structure and specifics of the model of ethnic democracy on the example of modern India. It is noted, in particular, that in the context of globalization and homogenization of the population in some countries, the problem of interethnic relations becomes relevant again. In the course of the study, the author identified the distinctive features of the current situation in India, and also outlined the main trends in the reorganization of public administration in the country under the influence of political nationalism.

Distantly-Supervised Long-Tailed Relation Extraction Using Constraint Graphs

Label noise and long-tailed distributions are two major challenges in distantly supervised relation extraction. Recent studies have shown great progress on denoising, but paid little attention to the problem of long-tailed relations. In this paper, we introduce a constraint graph to model the dependencies between relation labels. On top of that, we further propose a novel constraint graph-based relation extraction framework(CGRE) to handle the two challenges simultaneously. CGRE employs graph convolution networks to propagate information from data-rich relation nodes to data-poor relation nodes, and thus boosts the representation learning of long-tailed relations. To further improve the noise immunity, a constraint-aware attention module is designed in CGRE to integrate the constraint information. Extensive experimental results indicate that CGRE achieves significant improvements over the previous methods for both denoising and long-tailed relation extraction.

Публичность как проблема философии: возвращаясь к идеям Дж. Дьюи

The article analyses John Dewey’s ideas on the ‘recovery’ or ‘reconstruction’ of philosophy. Essential to the life of society and inextricable from its condition, philosophy can provide a tool for the prevention of social cataclysms. Yet some cataclysms are conditioned by philosophy – the matrix of thinking that has un­derpinned culture for two thousand years. Dewey’s approach to the tasks of philosophy is radical: the way to the intellectual transformation of society is through the reconstruction or ‘recovery’ of philosophical discourse. This point of view is juxtaposed with attempts found in the literature to limit the function of public philosophy to politicisation. The study investigates the ideas of Walter Lippmann and Michael Sandel, which are crucial for the approach in question, about public philosophy as a changing political reality. The major lines of Dewey’s ‘reconstruction’ of philosophy are examined, with special attention paid to the critical revision of the metaphysical foundations of philosophy and the re­consideration of the problem of the subject-object relationship. Arguments are made in favour of these ideas having the potential for stimulating the modern public ‘upgrade’ of philosophy and transforming current intellectual and educa­tional practices. In ceasing to be a theoretical tool to solve specific philosophical tasks, philosophy may become an intellectual method used by philosophers to eliminate urgent problems of the modern age

Reconstruction of Traditional Rural Social Relations in the Context of Red Tourism Development

When poverty alleviation is completed, how to achieve rural revitalization and development is a key issue related to China's new agricultural, rural and peasant reform. In China's economic and social development, urban and rural areas are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Urban development cannot be achieved without the support of rural prosperity, and rural revitalization cannot be achieved without the strong radiation and impetus of urban development. In this context, by establishing the comprehensive evaluation index system of rural revitalization and urban development in Jilin Province, using the entropy method to calculate the 2009-2019 coupling coordination degree model, and analyzing the coupling coordination state in different years, the results show that the coupling coordination degree of urban and rural areas in Jilin Province is increasing over time. Under the background of the new era, the relationship between urban and rural areas continuously presents the growth trend of mutual promotion and coordinated development, and the coordinated development of the relationship between urban and rural areas has gradually become the development model of Jilin Province. Therefore, how to promote the development of small towns and make them become the key area of the link between urban and rural areas is the key problem of the new urban-rural relationship .

Kadın Haklarının Gerekçelendirilmesi Işığında Sinekli Bakkal ile Kıyıdaki Değirmen Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Okuma

The purpose of the present paper is to analyze Halide Edib Adivar’ s The Clown and His Daughter (1935) and George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss (1860) in the light of Mary Wollstonecraft’ s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). Although the authors of both novels come from different cultures and backgrounds, they have depicted a common theme: the patriarchal oppression. The common element of the selected texts is consistent with Wollstonecraft’s observations in her treatise. Wollstonecraft lived during Victorian era in which public and domestic spheres were gendered. While women were confined to domestic spheres, the public space was reserved for men. Women were expected to be ‘Angel in the house’ and act according to the norms of patriarchal society. Wollstonecraft demanded equal opportunities for women in education. She argued that if given an opportunity women can be as successful and influential as their male counterparts. Problematic gender relationship described in her work can be observed in both texts. The heroines portray the confinement of women and lack of opportunity. They react against the patriarchal norms and yearn for a different life. The shift in gender roles is observed through female characters’ trials and tribulations.

HARD CANDY: A FILM ABOUT THE CONTEMPORARY

Our study aims to analyze the movie "Hard Candy” (2005), which presents the audience with an interesting discussion about the sexual and emotional behavior of human beings, having, as a background, a problematic intergenerational relationship and all the conflicts that this context can evoke. As a research methodology, we searched for publications on the subject, in physical and digital collections. The objective of our work is to develop, in the classroom, an investigation routine, which can clarify to the student audience, what intentions could support the director of the film to shed light on a topic as controversial as it is contemporary. . Justifies the accomplishment of this work, the fact that our society has, at the mercy of new communication technologies, experienced biases and behavioral setbacks mediated through the so-called ICTs. The main work that supports our research is the book Somos Todos Canalhas, by Clóvis de Barros Filho (2015). As partial results of this study, we can say that the behavior seen in the film has been much more recurrent than apparently could be noticed due to the opacity that communication networks lend to their users.

Non-governmental organizations in Africa: Role and place in the global political transformation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of international (INGOs) and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in African countries. The very existence and activity of these organizations are conditioned by the needs of the development of civil society, which cannot always receive adequate assistance and support from official government structures. For this reason, different political groups often turn to NGOs for help. The article analyzes the problem of relations between non-governmental organizations and the state. They do not always add up simply, without contradictions. But, as a rule, they are built on balanced cooperation based on trust. It is important for the State to involve non-governmental organizations in solving urgent social problems, especially in the humanitarian sphere: the fight against poverty, lack of water, lack of sanitation, etc. Despite the fact that many NGOs are not subordinate to Governments, they nevertheless depend on them. The paper draws attention to the fact that NGOs in many African countries work in contact with representatives of the International Monetary Fund, as well as with such UN structures as the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), and other foreign donors. This also applies to international NGOs with a political orientation. To a certain extent, they influence national politics and public opinion in their host countries in order to transform political regimes, as was the case, for example, in Tunisia and Egypt. In other African countries (Senegal, Niger) these NGOs tried to support organizations of civil protest movements during the election campaigns for the presidential election. In this regard, the problem of financing NGOs is of great importance, which has a direct impact on the trajectory of their development. Nevertheless, the State’s continued control over the activities of NGOs prevents their politicization where this trend manifests itself.

ТРАНСЦЕНДЕНТАЛЬНІ ІМПЛІКАЦІЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СВОБОДИ Ж.-Л. НАНСІ: ДЕКОНСТРУКЦІЙНИЙ РАКУРС

The article undertakes theoretic and historico-philosophical reconstruction of J.-L. Nancy's conception of freedom in the scope of transcendental way of thinking, namely in its deconstructive mode. Examining Nancy-s work "Experience of Freedom", as well as text by J. Derrida "On Touching – Jean-Luc Nancy" the author, by the use of her own methodological approach to transcendental discourse, brings to light a number of transcendental and deconstructive motives, inherent in Nancy-s discourse of freedom. The paper establishes that one of transcendental traits of Nancy's conception is a conferring to the concept of freedom the excessive position in system of philosophical discourse. Accordingly, applicability to freedom (as an idea and a notion) of traditional philosophical operations – such as questioning, reflection etc. is called into doubt. Freedom proves to be condition of possibility of philosophical thinking in general. Also are laid bare such transcendental aspects of idea of freedom, in its Nancian treatment, as: asubstantivity (it causes deconstruction of traditional subject-centric conception of freedom, at the heart of which is understanding of subject as substance); connection with problematic of margin or limit (in particular, freedom is considered as limit boundary of thinking); hyperbolicity (which presupposes "autonomy" and at the same time auto-transcendence of hyperbolized element: this implicates a possible openness to the possible other); careful attention to the problem of experience (which serves as "middle term" between thinking and freedom); thematization of the problem of other (especially of "other" thinking as "burst of freedom"). Author demonstrates that one of the most remarkable transcendental implications in Nancian approach to the question of freedom is importance of the idea of relation (represented in the mode of "share": partage), functioning as characteristic of freedom and also as condition of possibility of its (freedom) constitution. Concept of singularity is analysed, which, after Nancy's conception, underlies thematization of the problem of relation as "partage" and simultaneously is a factor of freedom constitution. Paper designates such transcendentally conditioned topics of Nancy's philosophy of freedom that catch the attention of Derrida. These are: liberation of freedom problematic from the framework of subject-centric attitude, question of the excess, idea of passive decision. Author shows that decostructive interpretation of Nancian philosophy of freedom is based on the idea of "touching", transcendental connotations of which are thought to be caused by link to the problematic of limit.

ШЛЯХЕТНІСТЬ І ВІЙНА: ПОСТАВАННЯ СУБ’ЄКТА ГЕРОЇЧНОЇ ДІЇ

The article presents the results of the study of problem of relationship between the phenomena of heroism and nobility in conditions of war, as well as the understanding of the process of formation of the subject of heroic action. A just defensive war is considered as an ethical and existential challenge for a person, which provides a tragic opportunity to reveal moral qualities, leads to an extraordinary elevation of the spirit, helps to realize one's devotion to the highest values – truth, kindness and beauty, in conditions when the aggressor brutally destroying them. It is emphasized that war is a breaking point for society, which also leads to a test of morality and nobility of spirit. It is noted that the concept of «nobility» is used in two meanings: as a high origin and as the internal qualities of a person. Nobility in the ethical sense includes such characteristics of a person as philanthropy and sincerity, honor and generosity, dignity and respect for one's people. An example of nobility is a hero who realizes his high calling is to make the world suitable for a dignified human existence. The article presents several leading approaches to understanding the subject of heroic action: classical, socio-philosophical, intersubjective, existentially-anthropological and constructivist.It is emphasized that the hero exceeds limits of an ordinary person, he is unexpected even for himself, because as a rule, a heroic act cannot be programmed. A feat is defined as an accomplished, manifested possibility of an impossible, the affirmation of values higher than one's own life, which occurs under conditions created by a metaphysical problem, an existential threat. A heroic act is seen as nondeterministic and teleological. In addition to the ethical prerequisites of readiness for a feat, certain psychological qualities of the subject are also highlighted, which contribute to his appearance as a hero. It is claimed that, despite positive propaganda and patriotic education, the experience of Russian-Ukrainian war and the example of modern Ukrainian heroes, nobility will never be widespread, but we can have more noble people, and the attitude towards heroes will become more respectful. It is especially emphasized that heroism expands the horizons of the vital world, it is asserted as a necessary and justified strategy of social behavior in the modus of maximum existential tension and existential threats, therefore today it is extremely important to study the outlined problems, which will allow a comprehensive understanding and a deeper grasp of their essence.