Problematic Relationship Research Articles

India's Quest for Status and Neutrality in the Russia-Ukraine War: BRICS, a Case Study

Employing BRICS as a case study, this paper argues that India's neutrality in the Russia-Ukraine war is not influenced by its quest for status via BRICS because a souring of the India-Russia bilateral relationship will not affect India's quest for status through the BRICS. First, India and Russia have joined and co-developed BRICS to achieve their national and foreign policy goals such as great power status, challenging US hegemony and achieving a multipolar world order, reform of the liberal international order and Bretton Woods institutions and other objectives. Both countries have much to lose by allowing their problematic bilateral relationship to adversely impact the BRICS. Second, the BRICS is structured in such a way that its operating procedures/principles including consensus-based decision making and intentionally omitting controversial issues implies that bilateral problems between member states are not tabled and they do not make the group dysfunctional.

The phenomenon of identity and the problem of the Other in postcolonial studies

The author of this article analyzes the problem of relationship with the Other, generated by the crisis of identity. The theories of decolonialism and postcolonialism are served as the methodological basis of this study. It is concluded that identity politics is fueled by hidden or repressed group identities seeking public recognition. This is dangerous in escalating violence as identity politics capitalizes on cultural myth and postcolonial trauma. The author of this article argues that overcoming the postcolonial complex is possible by making national identity the dominant identity while maintaining sovereignty and horizontality in the relationship with the former metropolis.

«Запечатленный кризис»: кинематограф К. Рейгадаса на стыке культурных парадигм

This article examines the work of the Mexican filmmaker Carlos Reygadas. The representative of the new auteur cinema, the developing direction of “slow cinema”, he is the exponent of those social and cultural problems on which the attention of European directors of the first third of the 21st century is focused. The example of Reygadas’ films shows the changes that society has undergone in recent decades in the transition from the postmodern to the metamodern culture. The interdisciplinary approach to the study of his work is designed to more fully reveal the ideological and thematic orientation of the films and to illuminate the cultural and historical process of the first decades of the 21st century, which will constitute the novelty of the study. Based on the ideas of T. Vermeulen and R. van den Akker that the metamodern seeks to remove the contradictions between different art movements, past and present cultures, the author of the article attempts to demonstrate how this trend manifested itself in the work of Reygadas. At the same time, the reference to the mythology of Mesoamerica and the “philosophy of liberation” of Latin America shows that Vermeulen and van den Akker’s concept of culture transformation through the resolution of contradictions reflects the situation of a crisis in which modern society is involved. In the director’s films, this is reflected in the inability of the individual to make contact with the Other and the reality around them. Moreover, the films of the 2000s showed an attempt to get out of the former social and cultural paradigm, but by the end of the 2010s, the problem of interpersonal relations was not resolved, and reality acquired the status of “elusive”. This allows us to draw a preliminary conclusion that society is still in a state of a crisis, experiencing a change of cultural formations, and the transition from postmodernism to metamodernism cannot be considered a completed process.

The image of male / female artist in Ukrainian literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the gender aspect

The study examines gender issues in the works of Ukrainian writers on the border of the 19th and 20th centuries, whose main heroes and heroines are representatives of art. In the dramaturgical works of this time, due to the departure from the social issues, the problems of gender equality and the possibility of choosing their life path by women actresses are intensified. This topic today remains an almost unexplored in scientific works, which determines the relevance and scientific novelty of our article. The purpose of the study is to consider the processes of modernization of Ukrainian literature in the context of gender and feminist issues, as well as to analyze the peculiarities of writers’ interpretation of images of artists in prose and drama using general scientific approaches and comparative typological method. The research results allows to state that such writers as O. Konisky and H. Khotkevych seek to reveal the peculiarities of the worldview of their characters. At the same time, the attitude of the heroes towards the female gender is traditional, the chosen ones of the musicians – main literary personages – should be female associates who fully support the lofty thoughts and deeds of their husbands. Actors and actresses in the plays by M. Starytsky and I. Karpenko-Kary raise the most difficult issues of family life, fidelity and betrayal of wives and husbands in marriage, life in a civil marriage and others that continue to be relevant in our time. L. Starytska Cherniakhivska, Lesia Ukrainka and O. Kobylianska, going beyond gender issues in the direction of feminist views, transfer the emphasis in their plays and short prose to the tragedy of a talented woman who devoted herself to art. Thus, Ukrainian writers of the studied period considered in sufficient detail the problem of gender relations in their modern society, in particular, the issue of family betrayal in its interpretation by representatives of the opposite sexes, and built a kind of hierarchy of relations between women and men.

Противоречия системы миграционных отношений: методология исследования

Introduction. Modern conditions in the sphere of international relations are characterized by the growth of global instability, confrontation and competition of world powers, the conduct of hostilities during the special military operation in Ukraine caused by the need to protect the national and state interests of Russia. In the sphere of migration relations for Russia, these conditions are reflected both in the mass “anti-war” emigration from Russia and in the large-scale influx of refugees from the war-torn territories of Ukraine. All this has actualized the problem of migration relations, including their regulation in the process of implementing migration policy. The need to regulate the current migration situation makes it necessary to identify migration contradictions and find adequate forms of resolving these contradictions. Theoretical analysis. The article proposes a methodology for studying the contradictions of the migration relations system, based on the unity of systemic and dialectical methods. Consideration of migration relations as a system consisting of political, legal, economic, psychological, cultural, ethical and other relations made it possible to define the migration relations’ contradiction object, which lies in the population’s territorial displacement, and to characterize the subjects and objects of contradictions in relation to each specific element of the migration relations system. The application of a categorical approach to the study of migration causes and consequences allowed us to show the specific features of various categories of migrants, including forced migrants, political and ideological emigrants, labor migrants. Results. The study of the migration relations system contradictions in relation to each element and to each level of this system allowed us to come to the conclusion that, due to the interdisciplinarity of the problem, finding adequate forms of resolving the contradictions of this system in the process of developing and implementing migration policy involves consolidating the efforts of various social science representatives and those of all the migration relations system elements’ subjects, of civil society institutions and public authorities at all levels.

Development of Trends in Russian-Mongolian Educational Cooperation in New Conditions

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of international relations in the field of higher education. The purpose of the study is to consider the development of modern Russian-Mongolian educational cooperation. The authors set the following objectives of the article: to reveal the role of the Russian language as one of the tools for the development of Russian-Mongolian educational cooperation; to enumerate and describe the features of the promotion of Russian higher education in Mongolia; to illustrate the experience of developing Russian-Mongolian educational cooperation on the example of Novosibirsk universities.Methodology and sources. The study of the problem of international cooperation in the field of higher education is based on a socio-cultural approach. The methodological basis is the concept of education as a «soft power». The study is conducted with the use of the following sociological methods: the focus group-method; analysis of secondary sociological research; comparison; generalization. The sources of the study are the regulatory documents on which Russian-Mongolian relations are based as well as data from other studies on the topic.Results and discussion. Based on the data obtained, the researchers come to the conclusion about positive trends in educational cooperation, however, the potential of Russian-Mongolian relations is not fully realized. After the pandemic, more active promotion of Russian educational programs in Mongolia is needed, which will allow updating approaches to Russian-Mongolian cooperation in the field of higher education. The article offers a list of measures for the development of Russian-Mongolian cooperation, including the development of intercultural communication and dialogue between Russian and Mongolian students.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, the researchers came come to the conclusion about positive trends in educational cooperation, however, the potential of Russian-Mongolian relations is not fully realized. After the pandemic, more active promotion of Russian educational programs in Mongolia is needed, which will allow updating approaches to Russian-Mongolian cooperation in the field of higher education. The article offers a list of measures for the development of Russian-Mongolian cooperation, including the development of intercultural communication and dialogue between Russian and Mongolian students.

„Co za małpa, proszę pana!”, czyli o „adopcji” szympansa albo nowych wymiarach starej bio-wspólnoty

The author addresses the problem of human and non-human animal relations by analyzing the course and consequences of a scientific experiment presented in Roger Fouts’ Next of Kin. Since the scholar’s testimony, being an example of primatological storytelling follows the patterns of various literary models, Waligóra examines it using the tools of literary studies. At the same time, he considers – in the context of animal studies and the animal-environmental turn – the ethical conditions of various 20th-century primate language teaching projects, including Fouts’ description of teaching sign language to the chimpanzee Washoe. In addition, he recognizes and classifies the project as a convincing exemplification of the gestural hypothesis, i.e. the primacy of gestures in the process of evolution of human linguistic ability.

An Orientalist Analysis of Orhan Pamuk’s Snow and Cevdet Bey and His Sons

The present study analyses the traces of Orientalism in Orhan Pamuk’s two novels Snow and Cevdet Bey and His Sons. As a theoretical framework, Orientalism focuses on the distinction between “the self” and “the other” attributing to the literary studies applied by Western scholars to the Eastern countries for the purpose of establishing dominance. “The self” constantly stigmatizes and marginalizes “the other” as innately different. This process strictly draws on West and East boundaries and becomes the starting point of a problematic relationship between the two sides. Since ancient times, it has preserved its existence as a mode of thinking of the West on Eastern civilizations. In this context, the Orientalist details that Orhan Pamuk reflects on his both novels are the main subjects of this work. The study examines traces of Orientalist discourse in Pamuk’s selected novels and tries to bring an approach to the author’s portrayal of his own society. In the light of the pioneering theorists, like Said, Bhabha, and Fanon, the arguments on selected texts are grounded on the themes such as the East-West binaries, cultural identity, and conflicts. Based on the East-West contrasts identified, the study reveals what kind of an Orientalization process Türkiye went through both within itself and against the Western civilization.

Leading to Disrupt the School-to-Prison Pipeline

The school-to-prison pipeline (STPP) describes in shorthand the problematic relationship between some students’ school experiences and their subsequent incarceration. One summer, in response to vocal concerned parents, a suburban school board adopted a zero-tolerance policy for smoking and vaping. Through the combined effects of the zero-tolerance approach, exclusionary punishments, the presence of SROs (school resource officers), racially disproportionate disciplinary practices, and a culturally nonresponsive school setting, 90 students were introduced to the criminal justice system in one school year. This case helps school leaders examine the elements of the STPP and how they work together to damaging effect. The questions and activities will guide readers to develop multiple ways to forestall and/or repair STPP supporting policies and practices.

Humanity and environment, the problematic relationship between changing nature and gender difference

The link between different humanistic disciplines and natural sciences suggests a way of better appreciating the environment of human beings and nature. Chemistry together with sustainable development are essential to connect the different worldviews. The objective of this article is to build a line in parallel to the changes that mankind made on earth with gender identity and the consequences caused, both social, environmental, educational, among others. The urgent need to work towards a change that implies the modification of the individual attitude, to allow changes in the collective sphere, is a complex but not impossible task. It is time for humanity and nature to coexist despite the thoughts and dichotomies that arise.

Julian Reads Langland

ABSTRACT Between writing the “Short” and the “Long” versions of the Revelations of Divine Love, Julian of Norwich might have read Piers Plowman. This article argues that Julian learned from Langland something about how to use narrative as part of her exploration and reformulation of the complex and seemingly contradictory theology of the Fall and redemption, focusing on the remarkably similar ways in which Langland and Julian narrate the Fall in, respectively, the tree of charite sequence and the lord and servant example. In each case, a narrative of eager, loving desire leads seemingly accidentally, and yet apparently inevitably, to a disastrous “fall.” Julian may have discovered in Piers Plowman a method of engaging with the conceptual challenges posed by the problematic relationship between the human will and recuperative divine love.

Comparative Law and Christianity-A Plank in the Eye?

This article examines the epistemic bias of comparative law scholarship. Comparatists are unable or unwilling to recognise the religious dimensions in Western law as they see religion only in the context of non-Western law. This problem is typical of modern macro-comparative law, which fails to recount the influence of Christianity on Western law and legal culture. The article invites legal scholars to reach beyond the notions of 'religious law' and 'secular law' in terms of classifying the world's legal systems. Firstly, the article explains how comparative law has a problematic relationship with religion; secondly, it shows that, despite Christianity having been deemed a thing of the past, its influence can and should also be charted in modern law. I argue for a need to rethink the manner in which Western law is depicted as a thoroughly secular law as opposed to the religious law of exoticised others.

De Legé v. the Netherlands: The ECtHR adopts a line of reasoning similar to that of the United States Supreme Court on compelled production of real or physical evidence

In de Legé v. the Netherlands, a decision characterized as a key case, the ECtHR addressed once again the problematic relationship between the right against self-incrimination and the compelled production of real or physical evidence. In its judgment, the Court held that the use of the evidence submitted by the defendant to the authorities does not fall within the scope of the right against self-incrimination when the evidence in question concerns pre-existing documents of whose existence the authorities were already aware. By developing this argument, the European Court has adopted a line of reasoning similar to the ‘foregone conclusion’ doctrine of the United States Supreme Court. This article aims to critically analyse the decision of the ECtHR. It will be argued that the ECtHR does not sufficiently support its reasoning. Moreover, it does not take into account the rationale of the right against self-incrimination, which, as will be stated, can be considered opposed to the ‘foregone conclusion’ doctrine, at least in the European context.

ЭТНИЧНОСТЬ И МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ В СМИ: ОПЫТ НОРВЕГИИ

One of the main problems on the world agenda remains the problem of international relations. The processes of globalization in the modern world lead to the expansion of cultural contacts at different levels: from everyday life to political. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in the problems of intercultural communication, which actualizes the study of the role of the media in such communication as one of the areas of journalism science. This article explores the issues of intercultural communication in the mirror of the largest media in Norway. The theoretical foundations of the study were the ideas of academician V. A. Tishkov about the ethnic and religious diversity of the modern multipolar world, the dialogical model of the media approach in the formation of society’s tolerance, proposed by I. M. Dzyaloshinsky, as well as theoretical approaches to the study of modern communication processes, presented in foreign and Russian journalism works. Based on the content analysis method, the article analyzes the representation of intercultural topics in three Norwegian leading TV-programs related to the coverage of international and domestic news – “Dagsrevyen”, “Urix”, “Debatten”, as well as in the materials of Norway’s largest online-media “Aftenposten”. Much attention is paid to the study of Norwegian legislation and media codes in relation to groups of migrants and refugees. It is noted that Norway, being initially a predominantly ethnically homogeneous state, has turned into a multicultural one, on the territory of which people from more than two hundred countries of the world live. It is concluded that the Norwegian media play an important mediating role in the field of interethnic interaction. Following the spirit and letter of the Immigration Act of 2008 and the Norwegian Code of Ethics for Journalists, publications try to maintain the level of quality journalism in covering issues of ethnicity and intercultural communication. Of course, the direction of the modern agenda of the Norwegian media has changed, shifting after February 2022 towards coverage of situation in Ukraine, which the whole world is following today. But despite the modality of some materials, we note that in the analyzed materials much attention is paid to explanatory journalism.

ძალის კონცეპტუალური პრობლემატიკა საერთაშორისო ურთიერთობებში

In international relations the concept of "power" is one of the most important categories within which the main problem of relations between countries is analyzed – the issue of war and peace. Based on "strength", international actors analyze each other's capabilities and evaluate the degree of stability of the international system. The concept of "power" plays an important methodological role among scientists and analysts of international relations. But, despite this, we argue that the term "power" is often misinterpreted (especially in fields outside of political science), moreover, too often have a stereotypical character unsuitable for science. We found the conceptual problematic of the term "power" in the sciences of politics and international relations. We think that the wrong interpretation of the mentioned concept leads to analytical errors: wrong political decisions are made based on the wrong understanding of the strength of countries and the power in public life, which prevents the prevention of war and the building of sustainable peace. The present study analyzes the reasons for the negative attitude to the concept of "power" in modern scientific fields outside of political science; weaknesses of established definitions in international relations (attention is paid to the views of representatives of the School of Neorealism) are also investigated, and successful examples of rethinking the mentioned concept are given. Also, in the article, we investigate the historical evolution of the mentioned term and try to present the relevance of the problem and the need for conceptual development of the term in the concluding part.

Platform capitalism and place relations in social movements: Environmentalism and Extinction Rebellion in Western Australia

This article investigates spatial aspects of contemporary protest as a form of performative spectacle for platform capitalism. Discussing literature on and around platform capitalism and social movements it seeks to examine the Extinction Rebellion protest movement in its relationship to platform capitalism. Drawing on observations of the Western Australian Extinction Rebellion group from September 2019 to March 2022 as well as interviews with participants in the movement in November 2021 and previous experience in environmental movements, the article argues that a problematic relationship has developed between the movement and platform capitalism. Critically comparing Extinction Rebellion with the Occupy! Movement, one of the first to utilise platforms, this article reflects on the movements’ different modes of engagement with platforms and the resulting geographical shifts in activism. In doing so, it asks how platform capitalism has influenced place relations in contemporary Western Australian environmentalism and how activists may navigate this changing reality.

О роли «византийского наследия» в решении проблемы взаимоотношений Запада и Востока в истории России

О роли «византийского наследия» в решении проблемы взаимоотношений Запада и Востока в истории России

Level of motivation to athletic-health employments for the children of middle school age during the martial law period

In modern conditions, the success of physical education in educational institutions depends on a combination of different approache that are effective in solving specific tasks in the process of developing the health- saving competence of students of secondary education. In the article the problem of the motivational-valued relation of children of middle school age is considered to athletic-health employments during the martial law period, which is a topical issue in view of the intensive reformation of the country's educational sector. The special attention is spared to the level of motivation with the purpose of determination of leading reasons and interests that induce children to engaging in a physical culture and sport. Literary sources are investigational on this subjects, questions that is lighted not enough up in the modern specialized literature are certain. Questionnaire- questioning is conducted in relation to motivation of schoolchildren to sport employments and on the basis of questioning the level of motivational relation of children is certain to athletic-health employments.

Regression modeling strategies for optimizing the appropriate size of reserve forces in Republic of Korea

This study focuses on the size of reserve forces and the factors affecting their size. As a result of analyzing theory and prior research, we identified the relations between standing and reserve forces. To minimize the problem of relations, we used a two-stage least squares estimate with simultaneous equations as the analytical method used. We utilized the 2022 cross-sectional data points and analyzed the sample by dividing it into 69 countries and 38 countries with reserve forces. In 38 countries, the reserve force size derived from regression analysis was 2.2 million people, and the standing force size was 470,000 people. The empirical analysis shows that 2.2 million reserve forces solved the single-equation estimation problem caused by the two-way causal relationship between reserve force size and standing force size through simultaneous equations, which further improved the consistency of the estimated coefficients. In terms of size, it was smaller than the 2.75 million presented in Defense Reform 2.0, which seems to be due to the analysis of countries with relatively capital-intensive military structures compared with Korea. Various factors are expected to further increase the size of future reserve forces: the rapid decline in the nation’s birth population; the proportion of defense spending to the government’s budget; the reserve forces, which have been further expanded by Defense Reform 2.0; and the prospect of a reduction in standing forces expected by Defense Innovation 4.0. Therefore, the size of future appropriate reserve forces will increase further than the current appropriate level, making it necessary to determine policies related to reserve forces and develop appropriate measures for procurement.

Resynchronized Uniformization and Definability Problems for Rational Relations

Regular synchronization languages can be used to define rational relations of finite words, and to characterize subclasses of rational relations, like automatic or recognizable relations. We provide a systematic study of the decidability of uniformization and definability problems for subclasses of rational relations defined in terms of such synchronization languages. We rephrase known results in this setting and complete the picture by adding several new decidability and undecidability results.