Problem Of Obesity Research Articles

Plant protein consumption is associated with body mass index among women of reproductive age in Indonesia

IntroductionOne of the known determinants of obesity in Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia, is the nutritional transition, which is indicated by fast changes in food production, dietary habits, and physical activity. With rising incomes, plant protein from grains, tubers, and legumes is gradually being replaced by animal protein from poultry, eggs, dairy, and red meat. This change is identified as a protein transition. Different choices of protein sources in the diet have varying health effects. However, there is limited information on the Asian population on the role of protein consumption on the increasing obesity prevalence. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of protein sources consumption with body mass index (BMI) among women of reproductive age in Indonesia.MethodsThis study used secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Food Barometer (IFB) conducted using a quantitative cross-sectional survey. A total of 467 Indonesian reproductive-aged women (20–49 years) were included in this study. Dietary intake, including protein consumption, was obtained using 24-h dietary recall. Multiple linear regression was applied to find the association of protein consumption with BMI with a p-value <0.05 considered as a significant outcome variable.ResultsThe Mean BMI was 25.02 kg/m2, median of animal and plant protein was 28.01 g/day and 25.37 g/day, respectively. Consumption of plant protein was significantly associated with BMI after adjusting for marital status and age (p-value = 0.043; R2 = 0.080). The quality of plant protein should be considered to prevent obesity problems among women of reproductive age.

Association Between a State-Level Fat Tax and Fast Food Purchases

India faces an increasing obesity problem, including in the Indian state of Kerala in which the fat tax was implemented but was nullified 11 months later. A fat tax, defined as a tax on unhealthy foods, may be associated with changes in food purchases and outcomes for multiple diet-related diseases. To investigate the association between the state-level fat tax and fast food purchases in Kerala, India. This cohort study analyzed a large-scale credit and debit card transaction data set and aggregated this sample at the account-year-month level of fast food purchases in Kerala state and 9 major cities in other Indian states (Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Surat). Purchase records were obtained for January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. The association between the fat tax and fast food purchases was examined using the difference-in-differences method. This analysis was initiated on December 1, 2022. The exposure was the fat tax. Kerala was the exposed group, and 9 major Indian cities were the control group. The main outcome was the fast food purchase ratio, defined as the proportion of fast food purchases of the total food purchases. Changes in the fast food purchase ratio were estimated in Kerala across the sample period and then compared with 9 major cities. The sample for analysis included 238 015 credit and debit card accounts, of which 36.7% were in Kerala and 63.3% were in 9 major cities. The cardholders included 191 603 males (80.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 36.6 (12.8) years. During the fat tax implementation (August 2016-June 2017), Kerala's fast food purchase ratio decreased by 3.9 percentage points (β [SE], -0.039 [0.002]; 95% CI, -0.042 to -0.036), compared with 9 major cities. After the fat tax was nullified, the fast food purchase ratio reduced by 5.6 percentage points (γ [SE], -0.056 [0.002]; 95% CI, -0.059 to -0.052) compared with 9 major cities and using the pretax period as the benchmark. Results of this cohort study suggest that the Kerala fat tax was associated with fewer fast food purchases. Food tax policies need to have an elaborate design, and related issues, such as social inequality, nutritional deficiency, and political concerns, need to be evaluated in future studies.

Exploring the evolution of physical education and school health research: A bibliometric analysis

Physical education and school health have received more attention in recent years due to the growing concern over sedentary lifestyles and the rising prevalence of obesity and other health problems among children and adolescents. As a result, there has been an increase in the study on this topic, making it crucial to assess publishing trends and identify critical areas of concentration. This study aimed to map the school physical education and health literature between 2013 and 2022. VOSviewer was used to analyse 1,427 article documents. This study indicated that 2019 was the peak year for publications, with 183 documents. This result signifies increased interest and investment in this field’s study. This publication’s rise implies that researchers, institutions, and funding agencies prioritise physical education and school health research to encourage healthy lifestyles and prevent chronic diseases in children and adolescents. The subject area “Medicine” was the most focused on physical education and school health studies, with 1,229 documents. The BMC Public Health journal published the most articles, with 165 documents. Lubans, D.R., from the University of Newcastle, Australia, was the most prolific author with 32 documents. The keyword “physical activity” was the most used in cluster 1, with 450 occurrences and a total link strength of 678. This study’s results guide the most recent references in physical education and school health to guide future research appropriately. Future research may investigate using technology and digital media to encourage physical activity and healthy lives. In addition, future research may identify methods for incorporating school health and physical education programmes.

Research on the association between overweight and obesity mediated by Chinese children and adolescent aged 13-18 years physical exercise and psychological distress

Objective: To analyze the association between overweight and obesity, psychological distress, and the influence of physical exercise among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: The study used data from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. A total of 95 280 Han Chinese children and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were included in the study based on complete information on overweight and obesity, psychological distress assessment, and physical exercise variables. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to measure their psychological distress, with scores above 25 indicating high psychological distress. The BMI group of the adolescents was evaluated according to the Chinese standard "WS/T 586-2018 Screening for Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents", including underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The individual's BMI Z-score (BMIZ) was evaluated using the WHO standard and divided into ten groups based on the population percentile distribution. The survey collected the subjects' average daily physical exercise time and divided them into two groups: less than 1 hour and greater than or equal to 1 hour. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between overweight and obesity and high psychological distress among children and adolescents and the differences in association between different physical exercise groups. Results: The detection rates of overweight and obesity among Han Chinese children and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in 2019 were 14.5%, and 7.6%, respectively. The rate of high psychological distress was 37.6%, and the rate of average daily physical exercise time exceeding 1 hour was 17.1%. Using the population with a BMIZ P10 below as a reference, the association strength between high psychological distress and the population gradually increased, with an OR (95%CI) value of 1.08 (1.02-1.14), 1.09 (1.02-1.14), 1.10 (1.03-1.16), and 1.16 (1.09-1.23) for BMIZ in the P60-, P70-, P80-, >P90 groups. Compared to normal weight, both overweight and obesity were positively associated with high psychological distress in children and adolescents, with obesity showing a more significant correlation, while underweight was negatively associated with high psychological distress. The detection rates of high psychological distress in normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese groups were 37.6%, 37.0%, 38.2%, and 38.7%, respectively, with an OR (95%CI) value of 0.93 (0.88-0.98) for the underweight group and 1.05 (1.01-1.10) and 1.13 (1.07-1.19) for the overweight and obese groups, respectively. The positive correlation between BMIZ, overweight, and obesity with high psychological distress was significant only in adolescents who exercised less than 1 hour per day on average. Conclusions: Chinese children and adolescents face the problem of obesity and high psychological distress, with a positive correlation between these two problems. Physical activity may moderate the association between obesity and psychological distress in children and adolescents. Adequate physical exercise may offset the potential high psychological distress caused by obesity in children and adolescents. Thus, strengthening physical exercise among children and adolescents reduces the risks of both obesity and psychological health problems effectively.

A personalized approach to the problem of obesity in primary pediatrics health care

A personalized approach to the problem of obesity in primary pediatrics health care

Cholelithiasis - current knowledge about one of the most common diseases of the digestive system

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system and thus the most common cause of hospitalization in gastroenterology. According to the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), it affects up to 20% of the European population and about 10-20% of the Polish population, and the number of patients is constantly increasing. This may be related to the growing problem of obesity and the widespread use of ultrasonography. The disease is also becoming more common in children and adolescents. The costs of gallstone diagnosis and treatment cause a huge financial burden on the health care system. As such, it is a public health issue that deserves more attention. Aim of the study: The aim of this review is to present current and the most important information about cholelithiasis – to determine the association between prevention and cholelithiasis, describe diagnosis, treatment and complications. Materials and methods: The review was based on the analysis of materials collected in the „Pubmed” database, Google Scholar, European Society for the Study of the Liver guidelines (EASL), books and other scientific articles. The search was performer using the key words: „cholelithiasis”, „cholelithiasis treatment”, „cholelithiasis diet”, „gallstone disease”,” gallstones”, „cholelithiasis etiology”, „Biliary Colic” Summary: Cholelithiasis is currently the most common disease of the bile ducts. The increasing incidence of patients with gallstones should contribute to the increased interest in this disease.

Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome: Novel pathogenic variants and new neuroimaging findings.

Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS) or DNMT3A-overgrowth syndrome is characterized by overgrowth and intellectual disability associated with minor dysmorphic features, obesity, and behavioral problems. It is caused by variants of the DNMT3A gene. We report four patients with this syndrome due to de novo DNMT3A pathogenic variants, contributing to a deeper understanding of the genetic basis and pathophysiology of this autosomal dominant syndrome. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging assessments were also performed. All patients showed corpus callosum anomalies, small posterior fossa, and a deep left Sylvian fissure; as well as asymmetry of the uncinate and arcuate fascicles and marked increased cortical thickness. These results suggest that structural neuroimaging anomalies have been previously overlooked, where corpus callosum and brain tract alterations might be unrecognized neuroimaging traits of TBRS syndrome caused by DNMT3A variants.

Prevalence and assessment of child malnutrition in South Asia

Abstract Background: Child malnutrition has been a major social problem in South Asia. Throughout the twentieth century, with aid from international food and health-related agencies and through government interventions, there has been a reduction in child malnutrition in this region. However, South Asia is burdened with a high prevalence of malnourished children in the world. About one hundred million children suffer from malnutrition-related issues. The present study has attempted to assess the conditions of child malnutrition in South Asia. Materials and Methods: The present study is based on secondary data from various sources such as the World Bank, WHO, and UNICEF databases. The study is categorized into three sections. The first section lays out the malnutrition trends in South Asia. It highlights the data on how the Stunting, Wasting, and obesity problems are changing in South Asia from 2000 to the present. The second section outlines the causes of child malnutrition in South Asia. It will focus on determinants of child malnutrition, mother’s literacy, family income, and social inequities. The third section elaborates on the United Nations (UN) system interventions. Results: There has been a consistent reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition from the twentieth century to the twenty-first century; however, there is still a significant number of children and women under malnutrition; there is a demand for optimal nutrition at every stage of life. The effects of malnutrition are associated with less development physical and psychological; there is a risk even to the life of the child; it is also associated with the socio-economic development of the child. Thus, it affects the child’s future and the nation’s future. Conclusion: Finally, the paper concludes by recommending greater synergy among the food system, water and sanitation system, health system, education system, and social protection system.

Bioprospecting antiobesity and anticholesterol activity of ethanolic extract of Clidemia hirta leaves grown at Merapi Mountain National Park in a high fat diet-induced obese Swiss Webster mice

Clidemia hirta is one of the invasive species. Its presence is undesirable in conservation areas such as Merapi Mount National Park. Bioprospecting its antiobesity activity could not only be the alternative solution to solve obesity problems but also to control their presence in Merapi Mount National Park. This study aims to determine the antiobesity activity of the ethanolic extract of C. hirta against the Swiss Webster strain male mice induced high-fat diet. Dried leaves were extracted using ethanol 96% with the maceration method for 48 hours. The extract was investigated for its secondary metabolites’ quantification for flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and total polyphenol content. Then the antiobesity test was carried out by dividing six treatment groups consisting of 4 mice. The treatment group was divided into normal control, negative control, positive control (orlistat 60 mg/kg body weight), and extract doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body weight. The parameter observed was the activity of mice, feces, feed residue, body weight, and total blood cholesterol levels for each group of mice during the treatment for 28 days. The results showed that extracts contained 35.56 ± 1.99 mg QE/g, 2.651 ± 5.10 mg TAE/g, 4.500 ± 0.49 mg GAE/g, 0.305 ± 0.85 mg AE/g. Ethanolic extract of C. hirta leaves showed antiobesity and anticholesterol activity compared to positive control. Clidemia hirta is a potential plant to be developed as a product for antiobesity and anticholesterol.

Intervention with Physical Activity and Nutrition Program Adapted to Individuals with Autism with Eating Problems

The aim of the research is to reveal the results of the intervention with a physical activity and nutrition program adapted to autistic individuals with eating problems. Among the single-subject research models, the multiple probe model across behaviors with a single initial probe phase was used. The population of the research consists of adolescent individuals with mild autism and obesity problems. The sample of the research consists of one (1) person determined by simple random sampling method among the families who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research. The research lasted twenty-eight (28) weeks. The data obtained were recorded by weighing before starting the study, every week after the start of the study, and the week when the study ended. The data obtained at the end of the application was analyzed by showing it on a graph. The data obtained was converted into point scores and turned into a line graph to reveal the change that occurred. It was observed that there were significant changes in the weight of the individual participating in the research over the weeks. Considering the results obtained, it can be said that the exercise and diet programs implemented during the research were effective.

COVID-19 in patients with metabolic disorders: focus on management

obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular pathologies, male gender and old age contribute to a significant worsening of the COVID-19 course and were associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury. The study aims to define the main streams of improvement of health care of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic disorders, focusing on the risk factors, and analysing doctoral attitudes to the problems of obesity with an accent on health promotion. Research methods: systemic approach, medical-statistical, questioning, structural-logical analysis, clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical documents of COVID-19 in-patients treated at the National Military Medical Clinical Centre “Main Military Clinical Hospital” (n=146). There were 2 groups according to the severity of COVID-19 (severe course, n= 37, non-severe – n=109). We also proposed to participate in questioning a group of doctors who were involved in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Results. A high prevalence of diabetes and hyperglycemia in patients with a severe course of the coronavirus disease was revealed, which requires risk management both at the individual and population levels. According to the received results, majority of doctors concern on the problems of obesity and propose to take care on the preventive strategies to the patients with non-communicable diseases. Initial assessments of the clinical and laboratory data are extremely important as it could be necessary to achieve compensation of diabetes before onset of COVID-19. Health promotion of decreasing weight, giving up smoking, regular physical activity could be helpful in improvement of individual health. We propose identifying obesity as an important independent risk factor which helps in decision-making on hospitalisation of COVID-19 patients before severe respiratory insufficiency starts. Baseline creatinine should be analysed, as rapid increase serum creatinine could be associated with acute kidney injury and may need urgent renal replacement therapy while in the case of not enough resources could be challengeable and causing poor outcomes.

The Importance of Sports for Public Health

Sports have become an irreplaceable element in maintaining public health amidst today's modern challenges. In the sphere of increasingly busy lifestyles and unbalanced diets, the importance of exercise as a key pillar of public health is becoming increasingly relevant. This abstract summarizes the results of studies on the importance of exercise in maintaining public health from various perspectives. The main benefits of exercise for people's physical health include weight regulation, increased muscle and bone strength, and prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Through regular physical activity, the risk of obesity and related health problems can be suppressed. In addition, exercise also helps improve the function of the respiratory and digestive systems, making it key to a more physically fit society. Aspects of mental health are also inevitable in this context. Exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on people's mental well-being by stimulating the release of endorphins, stress-reducing hormones, anxiety, and depression. In an increasingly complex society, exercise is becoming an effective solution for treating mental health and improving quality of life. Sport not only affects individuals personally but also has significant social implications. Through participation in sports groups or teams, social interaction can be enhanced, community bonds strengthened, and positive values such as cooperation and fair play are emphasized. This has an impact on building strong character and connecting with a more socially healthy society. However, sports promotion does not go without challenges. Busy modern lifestyles often reduce the time for exercise, and access to adequate sports facilities is not always evenly distributed in all walks of life. Therefore, the role of governments, educational institutions, and communities in promoting sports has become very important. In conclusion, exercise has a crucial role in maintaining overall public health. Through its impact on physical, mental, and social health, sport becomes an effective tool in caring for people's well-being. By strengthening the promotion and integration of sport in everyday life, we can shape a healthier, happier, and more empowered society.

Visceral obesity is a risk factor for the health of children and adolescents (literature review)

The article presents the results of an analytical review of publications on the problem of visceral obesity in children and adolescents, which in recent years has been given increasing importance as a risk factor for the development of chronic non-infectious pathology due to the peculiarities of the etiology and pathogenesis of the formation of visceral obesity. The purpose of the study is to analyze Russian and foreign scientific publications devoted to the study of this problem. The analytical method of research is used in the work. About 200 literature sources have been worked out, 56 sources were used in the article, of which 20 are articles by foreign authors. The analytical review reflects the prevalence of visceral obesity. In the child and adolescent population, features of the etiology and pathogenesis of the formation of visceral obesity, its role in the development of the metabolic syndrome and its associated chronic non-infectious pathology. The data of studies characterizing the factors influencing the development of visceral obesity and methods for assessing adipose tissue, including those in children and adolescents, are presented.

Effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity intervention among adolescent

Unhealthy food intake, physical inactivity, and body image (BI) dissatisfaction could potentially lead to obesity and health problems. This cluster-randomized intervention study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity (PA) intervention on related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Saudi adolescent girls (aged 13–14) living in Arar City. One hundred thirty-eight girls were selected and recruited randomly from two schools. The respondents in the intervention group (IG; n=68) received a three-month intervention program that consisted of six 90- minute sessions. The participants in the control group (CG; n=70) received only their traditional education and did not receive the intervention program. The groups’ total pre-test scores for practices were significantly different; therefore, the pre-test scores were used as covariates. The IG demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (p<0.001 for all), and improvement in the IG was greater than that in the CG at the post- test and three-month follow-up time points (p<0.001 for both). These findings provide evidence of the significant influence of a nutrition, PA, and positive BI intervention on related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Saudi adolescent girls.

Prevalence of comorbidities and its associated factors among type-2 diabetes patients: a hospital-based study in Jashore District, Bangladesh

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of comorbidity and its associated factors among Bangladeshi type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients.DesignA hospital-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in two specialised diabetic centres...

Successful Pregnancy in a Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Following Lifestyle Modification and Pharmacological Intervention: A Case Report

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, often associated with obesity and fertility problems. This case report documents the management of a 32-year-old female patient diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), who sought to conceive. Despite having normal hormonal levels, the patient exhibited insulin resistance, a common feature in PCOS. Intervention strategies included pharmacotherapy (metformin, spironolactone, and phentermine) and lifestyle modifications leading to significant weight loss (10.5% of total body weight). The treatments led to an improvement in the patient's metabolic profile, menstrual regularity, and reduction in hyperandrogenic symptoms. By December 2021, the patient had maintained her weight loss and improved metabolic parameters. She successfully conceived in January 2022 and delivered a healthy baby at term in August 2022. This case underscores the importance of weight management and metabolic control in improving fertility outcomes in patients with PCOS.

Edukasi sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Anak Usia Dini

Early childhood in children is an extraordinary stage of development. Children experience complex physical growth and mental development. The child's reaction and adaptation to environmental stimuli occurs quickly. However, at this time it is also prone to health problems including problems with malnutrition, stunting, obesity problems, respiratory and digestive tract infections, delays in speech development, and emotional problems. Therefore, education for parents to optimize early childhood health is urgently needed. This community service program aims to increase parental knowledge in improving early childhood health. This program was implemented in January 2023 with 25 parents attending the meeting. The method used in this activity is to provide education to parents by carrying out pre-test and post-test. The target of community service is all parents (mothers) who have early childhood children. Mothers have an average age of 32.72 years with an age variation of 4.89, the minimum age is 26 years and the oldest is 42 years. Most of them are housewives (68%) with the most education being high school or vocational school graduates, namely 40%. Providing education about optimizing early childhood health resulted in an average increase in mother's knowledge of 0.76 or the equivalent of 5.06%. These results indicate an increase in parental knowledge in improving early childhood health. This is expected to increase the capacity of parents in optimizing their child health.

Socialization of Balanced Nutrition with Comic Media and Assistance for Urban Gardening in Waiheru Village

Basic Health Research data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018 showed that nationally the problem of central obesity at the age of 15 years was still serious, namely, 31%, while the prevalence of central obesity at the age of 15 years in Maluku reached 33%. Obesity is becoming a health problem worldwide; even the WHO states that obesity has become a global epidemic. Obesity is a health problem that must address immediately because it is a risk factor for degenerative diseases and metabolic syndrome. Obesity in adolescents needs to get serious attention, be consistent, and be addressed together. To improve health status and optimize adolescent growth and development, it is necessary to apply a healthy diet through the socialization of balanced nutrition with comic media and implementation assistance. Urban gardening for teenagers through mosque youth can be an effort to implement healthy eating patterns for teenagers for optimal nutrition and health status.

The influence of obesity on the risk of development of selected gastrointestinal cancers

Purpose of the study: The subject of consideration is the influence of obesity on gastrointestinal cancers. Considerations were focused on discussing the connection between obesity and the risk of cancer of particular organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the work is to analyze this phenomenon and to show the connection between these two issues.
 Methodology: The article was prepared with the use the critical literature review method. Appropriate materials focused on the subject of consideration were searched, among others, in PubMed and specialized literature.
 Main conclusions: The analyzes of available materials show that obesity significantly affects the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers, and also affects the treatment and prognosis of cancer patients. It predisposes not only to gastrointestinal cancers, which are the subject of this article, but also to other cancers, which is worth emphasizing.
 Applied studies: The article shows the broad influence of obesity on particular gastrointestinal cancers. The content contained in the article can be useful for doctors to systematize knowledge, but also for patients to make them aware and motivate them to change and a healthier lifestyle.
 Originality of research: The report presents medical knowledge in an accessible way, making it easier to assimilate. It allows to understand the problem of obesity and its impact on the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. It may also inspire further research on this issu.

Effect of Cassava Fermentation on Reducing Sugar and Sucrose Levels: A Preliminary Study of Healthy Snack Development

One of the causes of obesity in Indonesia is poor consumption patterns, especially those high in sugars such as reducing sugar and sucrose. Indonesia's food diversity has the potential to be developed as a solution to obesity problems. The fermentation process is able to change the nutritional value composition, especially in reducing sugar and sucrose as healthy food. This research functioned as a preliminary study in the development of healthy snacks, especially for obesity, in terms of the presence and amount of reducing sugars and sucrose in cassava tape, gathot, and growol. This was carried out in two stages. The first stage was a qualitative analysis to examine the presence of carbohydrates through the Molisch test, Benedict's test, and Iodine test. Reducing sugar and sucrose levels were determined through quantitative testing using Nelson Somogyi with three replications for each sample. The research was conducted for seven months (January-July 2019) located at Universitas Respati Yogyakarta and Chem-mix Pratama Laboratory. Differences in reducing sugar and sucrose levels were tested with One Way ANOVA and continued with the Tukey test. Cassava, cassava tape, gathot, and growol contain monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Growol's reducing sugar content was only 0.32% (the lowest compared to other products, p<0.001) in line with the qualitative test results on Benedict's test. Sucrose levels from lowest to highest were gathot (0.78%), cassava tape (1.47%), growol (2.36%), and cassava (4.77%) (p<0.001). Growol has the potential to be developed as a healthy snack for obesity in terms of reducing sugar and sucrose levels.