National Problem Research Articles

Development of a solution search method using a combined bio-inspired algorithm

The object of the study is decision support systems. The subject of the study is the decision-making process in management problems using a combined bio-inspired algorithm, consisting of: – the improved wolf optimization algorithm and the improved sparrow search algorithm – for solving optimization problems regarding the object state; – an advanced genetic algorithm – for selecting the best agents in flocks; – an advanced training method – for deep training of agents to improve the optimization characteristics of agents. A solution search method using an improved bio-inspired algorithm is proposed. The method has the following sequence of actions: – input of initial data; – initialization of the search for a flock of sparrows and its parameters; – ranking and selection of sparrow agents using an advanced genetic algorithm; – updating the sparrow location for the discoverer; – checking the conditions for updating the position of sparrows; – initialization of additional search parameters; − running the gray wolf optimization algorithm; – training agents’ knowledge bases; – determining the amount of necessary computing resources of the intelligent decision support system. The originality of the proposed method lies in the combined use of bio-inspired algorithms, setting agents taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data, advanced global and local search procedures. The method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of data processing at the level of 19 % using additional improved procedures. The proposed method should be used to solve the problems of evaluating complex and dynamic processes in the interest of solving national security problems

Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Wild Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for Controling Weeds and Enhancing Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

Cowpea is an important grain legume in Sri Lanka. Approximately 53–60% of yield losses in cowpea cultivation are attributed to weeds. Chemical weed control (herbicide), is one of the method in weed control in cowpea. Import of herbicide have been prohibited recently since of government policy and the nation's economic problems. As a result, it's critical to identify other suitable alternatives. In this context, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of aqueous extract of wild sunflower and sorghum on weed control, growth and yield of cowpea. The experiment consisting of five weed control treatments viz T1 (aqueous extract of wild sunflower; 12 L ha-1 ,T2 (aqueous extract of sorghum; 12 L ha-1), T3 (combined application of both wild sunflower and sorghum aqueous extract in a 1:1 ratio; 6+6 L ha-1), T4 (hand weeding), and T5 (unweeded check-control) was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication in the crop farm of Eastern University, Sri Lanka.. The experiment was conducted from September to November 2022. Hand weeding was done on 21 and 42 DAS while application of aqueous extracts were done on 2, 21, and 35 DAS. Minitab 17 software was used for the statistical analysis, and Tukey's test was used to compare the treatment means. The results revealed that the different weed control treatments had a substantial (P<0.05) impact on weed population & dry weight, growth and yield of cowpea. When compared to the control, hand weeding was found to be most effective to control weeds followed by combined application of aqueous extracts from wild sunflower and sorghum Hand weeding and the combined application of aqueous extracts significantly reduced the number of weeds by 82.98 and 54.39%, respectively. Further, the hand weeding and combined application of extract significantly enhanced yield by 45.09% and 62.85% respectively in comparison to the control (unweeded check). According to the study's findings, it can be concluded that under the condition of Sri Lanka, combined application of aqueous extracts was proved to be more remunerative and sustainable alternate option for weed control in cowpea crop.

Residents’ Attitudes, Behaviour, and Willingness to Recycle E-waste in Brunei Darussalam

Today, the electronics industry is the largest and fastest-growing manufacturing sector in the world. The rapid expansion of this industry coupled with the brief product lifespan generates an enormous amount of e-waste. Increasing amounts of waste from the electronics industry pose a significant problem for many lower-middle income nations today. For proper disposal and routing of e-waste, consumer cognizance plays a crucial role in directing e-waste to its authorised collection centres and authorised recyclers. Financial constraints, inadequate storage facilities and information on e-waste, lack of awareness on the impacts of e-waste, the absence of rules and regulations, and the lack of an appropriate description of roles and responsibilities pertaining to e-waste management, among other factors, may be impeding e-waste management. In this research, a primary survey is conducted to determine consumers’ awareness and preferences regarding the disposal of electronic waste. The survey was conducted in Brunei Darussalam with 351 consumers using a structured questionnaire. This survey questionnaire’s demographic profile includes gender, age group, employment status, household size, and income range. Knowledge of e-waste, awareness of e-waste, willingness to recycle, and consumer preference regarding the appropriate disposal and management of e-waste were identified using exploratory factor analysis. The study reveals that 57.3% of respondents comprehend the definition of e-waste, with 89.9% of respondents using a mobile phone daily and 86.6% using a computer daily. 58.1% of respondents do not know what to do with their e-waste, so the majority retain it at home. The primary concern regarding e-waste disposal is a lack of knowledge about recycling facilities. Approximately 66% of respondents are willing to pay between BND $ 1 - 10 for the disposal or recycling of e-waste, and 38% are willing to travel between 1 and 5 kilometers for disposal or recycling. 76% of respondents concurred that the government should subsidise e-waste disposal. By comprehending attitudes, behaviour, and willingness to recycle e-waste, a comprehensive e-waste management policy can be formulated.

Registered Nurses' Well-Being, Michigan, 2022.

Objectives. To examine nurses' well-being and identify individual and workplace factors associated with adverse outcomes. Methods. We administered an e-mail survey to registered nurses in Michigan in March 2022. Outcomes included the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory-Exhaustion scale, self-harm thoughts (yes/no), and overall wellness on a 0 to 10 visual analog scale. Covariates included practice environment, psychological safety, workplace abuse, staffing adequacy, stress coping strategies, and demographics. We examined associations between covariates and exhaustion, thoughts of self-harm (both via logistic regression), and overall wellness (via linear regression). Results. Among surveyed nurses, 93.63% reported significant exhaustion, 9.88% reported self-harm thoughts, and the mean (SD) overall wellness score was 6.2 (2.3). Factors associated with exhaustion included inadequate staffing, lower psychological safety, and younger age. Factors associated with self-harm thoughts included recent workplace physical abuse and younger age. Factors associated with higher wellness scores included employer support, favorable practice environments, higher job satisfaction, and positive coping strategies. Conclusions. Negative well-being outcomes were prevalent among registered nurses and were associated with correctable workplace deficits. Nurses' well-being is a national public health problem that warrants comprehensive interventions at individual, workplace, and community levels. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S2):S180-S188. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307376).

Исследование предиктивных схем управления функционированием организационно-технических систем

Organizational and technical systems are the most common tool for solving national economic problems. However, due to the personnel included in them, they are characterized by stochastic behavior, which raises the issue of developing their probabilistic model. On the other hand, the probabilistic apparatus is a tool for forecasting future phenomena and situations and therefore a mechanism for its use in predictive (forecast) management is needed. For this purpose, the work uses the first probabilistic approximation in the form of a Markov process and its description by the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation. The purpose of the study is to formulate and solve optimal control problems with probabilistic control quality criteria for a tracking predictive control scheme, as well as to develop a mechanism for metasystem switching of mo¬dels in the case of an adaptive scheme with a predictive model in the control loop. Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of scientific ideas and methodological approaches in predictive management of domestic and foreign authors, as well as mathematical methods and models, two schemes for implementing predictive management were selected to improve the efficiency of the functioning of organizational and technical systems: tracking schemes and adaptive management. Results. The optimal control problem was solved using two methods: Pontryagin's maximum principle and Bellman's principle of dynamic programming. It is shown that in the first case there is a convex upward strategy for achieving the target value of the controlled value with a maximizing approach, and in the second case the result is a convex downward strategy used for the optimal consumption of management resources. In addition, for another predictive control scheme – adaptive with a predictive model in the loop, the effectiveness of using the strategy of metasystem switching of models with the formulation and solution of six metasystem problems has been proven. Conclusion. The proposed approach can be used when designing management systems in organizational and technical systems and choosing behavior strategies in difficult market conditions when solving problems of their development.

The Russian Orthodox Church in the system of socio-political interaction during the Great Patriotic War (using the example of the Penza region)

The transformation of the practices of state-confessional interaction during the Great Patriotic War is considered on an analysis of the office documentation of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. The research methodology is based on the concept of social constructionism or the theory of constructing social reality, as well as new local history, which allows to study the factors and mechanisms of adaptation of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) to the new geopolitical situation and the tasks of socio-political integration on the scale of a specific region – the Penza region. The content and regional specifics of the activities of the Commissioner for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church are revealed. The key areas of activity are: consideration of petitions of believers to open churches and participation of the priesthood in mobilization activities of the authorities. Despite many years of atheistic policies, persecution and repression of the clergy, the population of the Penza region demonstrated the strength of the religious foundation of regional identity. This was more significant compared with ideological constructs imposed from the outside. During the Great Patriotic War, relations between believers and authorities were built in the direction from the suppression of religious life to the very effective inclusion of parish communities in solving national problems. Appeals from believers to open churches became increasingly widespread and persistent. Under the influence of growing religiosity and divinely sanctioned changes in the legal status of the Russian Orthodox Church, local authorities adopted new rules of the game. Governance practices are also gradually changing, and a constructive dialogue is being built in the triad: the commissioner as a representative of the state – the diocesan administration – the parish communities.

Detection of Stunting in Toddlers at Posyandu Mawar IV Dusun Kalongan Kulon, Papahan, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar

The problem of stunting is still a national problem in Indonesia, so good efforts are needed to reduce the stunting rate in Indonesia. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by insufficient nutritional intake in the first 1000 days of life (HPK). Stunted toddlers will have less height compared to their age. Based on the results of the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI), the prevalence of stunting among toddlers in Indonesia according to height-for-age results reached 24.4%. Impaired growth and development is a serious problem for developed and developing countries in the world. Growth can be seen from body weight, height and head circumference, LILA, while development can be seen from motor, social and emotional abilities, language abilities and cognitive abilities. The aim is to detect stunting in children under five according to age stages based on gender with TB so that growth is monitored and children do not experience obstacles. The results of the activities of 63 toddlers were 37 toddlers (58.7%) female, 26 toddlers (41.3%) male, most of the toddlers had nutritional status based on PB/U or TB/U in the normal category, 59 toddlers (93.8%). %) and there are 2 toddlers (3.1%) in the very short category (severely stunted), 2 toddlers (3.1%) in the short category (stunted).

Perception of modern technologies by the older generation: comparative analysis

This article discusses the empirical research results devoted to the study of the older generation attitude to modern technologies: fears, expectations, and motivation to use such technologies. The obtained results are interpreted through a humanistic paradigm, in which technologies are considered as a tool for realising human potential, in particular, the potential of the older age group. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis was conducted by gender and age groups. The main conclusions drawn from the scientific work results are as follows. Firstly, it is the older generation that assumes the role of “technological optimists”, unlike younger and middle-aged people who have more concerns about the development of information technology. This applies both to everyday life and to the national problems of the increment of scientific knowledge. Secondly, the older generation noticeably need the humanistic aspect of technology more. This includes distrust of full automation, for example, driverless cars, as well as the need for a tutor and mentor when mastering new technologies. At the same time, it is the elderly generation that expresses the greatest trust in people around them. Thirdly, in many respects, the older generation has more similarities in their expectations and preferences with the younger age group than with those who are closer to them in age.

Analisis Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Kampili Kabupaten Gowa

Anemia in pregnancy is a national problem because it reflects the socio-economic welfare values of society, and has a huge influence on the quality of human resources. The high incidence of anemia in pregnant women is very worrying because it can have a negative impact on mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The factors that influence the incidence of anemia are lack of nutrients, apart from that, education and maternal parity are closely related to the incidence of anemia. The aim of this study was to obtain information about anemia in pregnant women focusing on education, parity, maternal age and gestational age. This type of research is descriptive, namely to find out the general picture of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, where the information is obtained from the results of medical records at the Kampili Community Health Center. Overall the population was 1090 and a sample of 375 pregnant women who experienced anemia were obtained. The results of the study concluded that the average education level of mothers who experienced anemia was mothers with a low education parity of more than 4, the mother's age was under 20 years and the gestational age was in the second trimester.

Study of Thermal and Physical Mechanic Properties of CEB-reused PET

Introduction Currently, housing is a necessity in Mexico, considered a national problem that must be addressed through adequate housing proposals. The earth is a material that has worked since ancient times to produce structural elements, presenting advantages mainly in the areas near the site where housing is required due to availability as well as use strategies. On the other hand, it is known that the continuous increase of waste derived from polymers such as PET requires reuse strategies to reduce the environmental impact. Materials and Methods This paper, it is presents the analysis of compressed earth bricks with soil from Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, which has been produced dosed and undipped with PET shrapnel obtained from reused waste, characterizing its mechanical and thermal properties in addition to electron microscopy and scanning analysis tests. Results From the results obtained, it is observed that there is a 5% reduction in the mechanical resistance to compression, but without a significant difference in water absorption. Thermal diffusivity is also greatly improved. Conclusion Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis results show that high compression can compact PET back to its original shape by removing stress, which can produce micro-cracks, which explains the compressive strength changes.

Ukrainian Identity of Vasyl Stus: the Concept of “Freedom” in the Movie “Prohibited”

Historical reactualization is a hallmark of the biofiction genre and a modern aesthetic tendency in art, that revolves around the reflection of political and social processes, which affect the common man of the 21st century. The scientific problem is the interpretation of history in art, the use of biography as a creative material in cinema and literature, the formation of reliable historical memory of Ukrainians, the debunking of "myths", overcoming post-colonial Ukrainian thinking, raising the issue of the consequences of ethnolinguistic nationalism. The aim is the underlining of the concepts “Freedom” and “Safety” in the film “Prohibited” 2019, the interpretation of the evolution Vasyl Stus artistic image in the biofiction “Prohibited” from “Unfreedom” to “Freedom” through “Danger”, the understanding of the conflict individual / power : artist / crowd. I propose to sharpen attention around the problem of ethnolinguistic nationalism through the mental conflict “Ukrainian” / “Russian”, in which the historical memory of the Ukrainian ethnos is revealed as an intellectual aspiration influenced by the experience /burden of 300 years of history. The biofiction of the life of Ukrainian poet Vasyl Stus, his ethical and moral position and aesthetic concept reveals the ethnic and cultural Ukrainian stratum, where the phenomenon of patriotism will be revealed at the level of the feeling “own”. Conflicts and characters uncover ideas: Vasyl Stus's love for his native land is his free choice, which reveals his individual virtues and prowess. In the pursuit of ethnic freedom, Vasyl Stus is revealed as having been defeated during his life, but gaining fame and recognition after his death. Vasyl Stus gave his life for: the development of Ukrainian literature, culture, art, and language. He is a patriot of “Ukrainian”. The poet's life is a version of art, it is wrapped around protest, around the non-acceptance by a talented individual of a totalitarian state, which suffocates and kills. Vasyl Stusy's steps are a resistance to Russian ethnolinguistic nationalism. The introduction of ethnolinguistic nationalism was imposed on everyone as the dominance Russian language, behind which is the discrimination of Ukrainians at the levels of: language, history, literature, culture, statehood.

ABCA1 variant rs9282541 is associated with metabolic syndrome in Maya children.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a metabolic disorder encompassing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In Mexico, the MetS is a national health problem in adults and children. Environmental and genetic factors condition the MetS. However, studies to elucidate the contribution of genetic factors to MetS in Mexico are scarce. A recent study showed that variant rs9282541 (A-allele) in ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was associated with T2D in the Maya population in addition to low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Thus, this study aimed to determine whether the genetic variant of ABCA1 A-allele (rs9282541, NM_005502.4:c.688C>T, NP_005493.2:p.Arg230Cys) is associated with MetS and its components in Mexican Maya children. The study was conducted in 508 children aged 9-13 from the Yucatán Peninsula. MetS was identified according to the de Ferranti criteria. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan assay by real-time PCR. Evaluation of genetic ancestry group was included. The frequency of MetS and overweight-obesity was 45.9% and 41.6%, respectively. The genetic variant rs9282541 was associated with low HDL-C and high glucose concentrations. Remarkably, for the first time, this study showed the association of ABCA1 rs9282541 with MetS in Maya children with an OR of 3.076 (95% CI=1.16-8.13 p=0.023). Finally, this study reveals a high prevalence of MetS and suggests that variant rs9282541 of the ABCA1 gene plays an important role in the developing risk of MetS in Maya children.

Implementation of the Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) in surgical patients to decrease postsurgical venous thromboembolism and enoxaparin prescription at hospital discharge

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), has been an increasingly common post-surgical complication for surgical patients. In the United States, VTE has become a leading cause of preventable hospital death with more than half occurring after discharge and are directly linked to a recent (within 30 days) hospitalization or surgery [1]. In large, hospital-associated/acquired VTE (HA-VTE) are preventable through measures such as the use of risk stratification tools and chemoprophylaxis. The project institution, a community, academic, medical center, for multiple years has consistently remained a high outlier for postoperative VTE. Also, the choice of VTE chemoprophylaxis in surgical patients at the time of discharge depended on, and varied between, the individual prescribing physician. The goal was to implement and determine the efficacy of a standardized intervention tool, the Caprini risk assessment model (RAM), for reducing postoperative VTE complications and its influence on the physician's prescription of enoxaparin at discharge. Results: Risk assessment scoring pre-operatively increased from 0% baseline to 26.3% at Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle 1 and demonstrated a statistically significant change (p-value = 0.006). Risk assessment scoring pre-operatively was 42.9% by PDSA cycle 2 but was not statistically significantly different from PDSA cycle 1. Risk assessment scoring post-operatively (for eligible patients) remained the same throughout all three cycles at 0%. Appropriate prescription of anticoagulation declined from baseline (12.5%) to PDSA cycle 1 (0%), and improved at PDSA cycle 2 (33.3%), however no differences were significant (p-value 0.302). The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database showed a decline in VTE occurrences at the projects institution from baseline (1.02%, 6 occurrences, 2021) to PDSA cycle 2 (0.92%, 4 occurrences, 2022) when compared to the national benchmark (1.0%) for the first time since 2018. Given the significant national problem HA-VTE pose to the public, and the rise in occurrences, this quality improvement (QI) project is clinically relevant.

Heteronormativity

Unity has been touted as the cornerstone of Indonesian nationalism since its declaration in 1945. With the national motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, Indonesian unity holds a sacred and absolute status. However, in reality, unity sometimes becomes a national problem. This article revisits Indonesian unity by shedding light on its darker aspects, namely heteronormativity, and introduces how Indonesian unity can be supported by a new ontological alternative: pluriverse. The study provides a brief historical overview of the New Order era and the family ideology that shaped an adherence to heteronormative norms, and followed by exploration of the pluriverse as an ethical ontological foundation that can deepen the struggle for unity.

AI Development in Germany After the Publication of German Nation AI Strategy, Problems and Solutions

Germany’s effort to develop AI and make progress in this field became coherent and systematic after the publication of the German National AI Strategy in 2018. Germany’s effort in AI development has four trends, namely the integration of AI in society and economy, building and maintaining the AI ecosystem, strengthening the country in terms of infrastructure and data, and finally research and development, which constitutes the essence and backbone of all the other trends. To drive its efforts forward in each trend, Germany should overcome the respective challenges. Furthermore, due to the novelty of the subject of AI and its fast-developing nature, AI has posed some challenges and issues in legal, political, and social fields that need to be addressed swiftly. Germans dominantly address these challenges either on national or European levels and mainly resort to research and academia, their mighty industrial sector, and legislation on federal and European levels to do so.

РАЗВИТИЕ ВЫСШЕГО АГРАРНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ЮЖНОМ УРАЛЕ В ПЕРИОД С 1920 ПО 2020 ГОД

The paper examines the formation of agricultural higher educational institutions of the Southern Urals from 1920 to the 2020 years. The dynamics of development of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, Orenburg Agricultural Institute, Bashkir Agricultural Institute is shown. The specialization of institutes in the following areas is presented: agronomy, animal science, agroengineering. The features of the formation of scientific directions and schools in agricultural universities of the region are described. The role of scientific schools of agricultural institutes in solving national economic problems is revealed. (Research purpose) The research pupose is systematization of historical materials in the field of formation and development of agricultural education in the Southern Urals (using the example of higher educational institutions). (Materials and methods) Used documents and other sources during the analysis of the development of higher agricultural education in the Southern Urals, contributing to the disclosure of the material during the study period. (Results and discussion) Author reviewed the areas of work of problem laboratories, experimental bases (sites), farms, and showed their role in improving the quality of education in agricultural universities in the region. (Conclusions) In the history of the formation and development of higher agricultural education in the Southern Urals, the following stages can be traced: 1930-1945 is the period associated with the quantitative processes of meeting the needs of agriculture in the region with highly qualified personnel; 1946-1960 is the period of growth in the quality of training graduates of agricultural higher educational institutions in the region; 1960-1980 is the period of development of new narrower areas of agricultural specialties; 1980-2000 is the period ofintegration of higher education, science and production. The growth of university science is noted. The qualification of scientific and pedagogical staff of agricultural universities is growing due to the well-organized work of the advanced training system; 2000-2020 is the period of building a new model of agricultural education associated with changes in the agricultural sector: digital transformation and growing robotization.

Technical support system for energy-installed agricultural equipment in the agricultural industry

Agricultural production in Russia solves the most important national problems - food security and import substitution. The conducted research substantiates the need to improve the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex through the introduction of modern innovative technologies. The article outlines the basic principles and technical means that determine the system of maintenance and repair of machines in the agro-industrial complex, as well as the mechanism of relations between manufacturers and consumers of technical means. Current issues of individual subsystems of the repair and maintenance base in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and the main groups of repair and maintenance impacts on domestic agricultural machinery were considered, and a relationship was established for foreign-made machines with all elements of maintenance, repair, modernization and disposal. Information is presented on depreciation rates and recommended distributions of the volume of repair and maintenance work by facility.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Menurunkan Stunting sebagai Pencapaian Target SDGs di Desa Ulee Blang Mane Kota Lhokseumawe

Background Stunting is one of the nation's problems that must be addressed immediately. According to the Ministry of Health's Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data, the national stunting rate has decreased from 37.2% in 2013 to 30.8% in 2018. According to the Indonesian Toddler Nutrition Status Survey in 2019, this rate decreased to 27.7%. Stunting reduction has been declared a national priority program. This refers to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda which consists of 17 goals agreed upon by UN members, where the problem of stunting is one of the targets that must be considered. Purpose This activity aims to help improve the health status of the community, increase community knowledge, awareness and concern about stunting and increase community creativity in stunting prevention efforts through assistance in making nutritious food. Methods Face-to-face and counseling and conducting physical examinations of toddlers in Ulee Blang Manee Village. Results In Ulee Blang Mane Village there are 17 toddlers who are stunted. While the geographical conditions of Ulee Blang Mane village are still relatively close to the city center and also have the potential to grow the community's economy. This potential should be unique to the community in increasing family nutrition consumption so that it can reduce the problem of stunting. the results of the activity show that the Ulee Blang Mane village community has an increased understanding of how to prepare nutritious food to prevent stunting. Conclusion Appropriate and targeted socialization related to feeding toddlers is important to do and a more in-depth study is needed related to feeding by mothers or families including obstacles in its implementation.

IMPLEMENTASI “ISI PIRINGKU” STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN STUNTING LEWAT PEMBERDAYAAN KELUARGA DI DESA LAUT DENDANG

Introduction: Stunting is a national problem that must be handled in a comprehensive and multi-sectoral manner. Collaboration and synergy of all elements of the nation is urgently needed to create a stunting-free generation for Golden Indonesia 2045. The problems faced by partners include the high incidence of under-fives experiencing malnutrition problems, namely 151 under-fives (31.5%) due to lack of fulfillment intake of nutritional content in each food consumed so that it is necessary to carry out an intervention that can empower mothers and families and improve children's nutritional status. Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and attitudes of the community, especially mothers who have babies and toddlers and the ability of mothers who have babies and toddlers in preparing main meals and snacks that are healthy, halal and delicious. Method: The research method used is a quantitative method with a one group pretest posttest design without including a comparison group (control), but the first observation (pretest) has been carried out. Results: Based on the counseling t-test analysis of mothers' knowledge and attitudes, it is known that the p value is 0.001, which indicates that there are differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after the counseling is carried out. Conclusion: After participating in this outreach activity, it was discovered that there was an increase in the knowledge and attitudes of mothers who have babies and toddlers regarding balanced nutrition and mothers were able to apply ways to prepare healthy, halal and delicious food.

Penerapan Senam Kaki Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus dalam Upaya Pencegahan Komplikasi Diabetes pada Kaki (Diabetic Foot)

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that is increasing every year in countries around the world. Reports from various regions in Indonesia show that the incidence and complications of DM are widespread, making it a national problem that requires more attention. A frequently encountered complication of DM is diabetic foot, which can manifest as ulcers, infection and gangrene. Actions to treat diabetic foot include preventive measures which include foot care education, diabetic shoes and foot exercises. Foot exercises are exercises carried out by DM sufferers and non-sufferers to prevent injuries and help improve blood circulation in the legs. Apart from their role in providing health education, nurses as members of the medical team can also play a role in teaching foot exercises so that DM patients are able to do foot exercises independently. Objective: To increase the knowledge and skills of DM sufferers by implementing foot exercises in an effort to prevent diabetes complications in the feet (diabetic foot). Method: Foot exercise activities are carried out on DM sufferers who do not have wounds on the feet. The methods used were lectures, questions and answers, and direct demonstrations using newspapers. Results: The results of the activities obtained were an increase in knowledge before and after providing counseling and demonstrations of foot exercises for DM sufferers. Conclusion: After carrying out this community service, the community's ability to do foot exercises has increased and can be done independently, so it is hoped that this can prevent complications in DM sufferers.