Interpersonal Relationship Problems Research Articles

The cross-lagged relationship between adolescent school bullying and loneliness——The predictive role of childhood emotional maltreatment

School bullying and loneliness have become common problems in adolescent interpersonal relationships. The increase of school bullying in recent years is closely related to adolescents’ loneliness, and loneliness may also affect the implementation of school bullying. Meanwhile, childhood emotional maltreatment plays an important role in interpersonal relationship problems triggered by adolescence, which has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. The purpose of this study was to explore the mutual and transactional relationship between loneliness and school bullying under childhood emotional maltreatment. A total of 1214 Chinese high school students (Mage = 15.46, SD = 0.71) completed the measures of childhood emotional maltreatment, loneliness, and school bullying. They provided data in three waves (T1, T2, and T3, 6 months apart). The results reality that loneliness under childhood emotional abuse and school bullying are correlated and that childhood emotional abuse significantly predicts loneliness and school bullying in adolescence. Specifically, loneliness positively predicted school bullying, but the predictive effect of school bullying on loneliness was influenced by gender. Moreover, childhood emotional maltreatment can lead to the perpetration of school bullying by triggering loneliness in adolescents. The results of the study, although unexpected, also reveal social problems and provide new ideas for studying adolescent interpersonal problems.

Introduction to In Session special issue: Psychotherapy for complex PTSD.

Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is a condition resulting from exposure to chronic, interpersonal traumatic events, in which some form of control or power dynamics existed. Its clinical picture includes the main symptom clusters of posttraumatic stress disorder, accompanied by dysregulated emotion, problems in interpersonal relationships, and difficulties in identity integration. In addition, both clinical work and research have shown CPTSD to include highly distressing and complicated psychological phenomena, such as identification with the aggressor, various forms of dissociation, self-harmand self-destructive behaviors, and more. Due to this highly complex and multilayered clinical picture, the treatment of CPTSD poses a significant clinical challenge to therapists. In this special issue of In Session, we present a series of case studies, each representing a different therapeutic approach to CPTSD (e.g., skills training for affective and interpersonal regulation, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, psychodynamic, integrative psychotherapy). These cases also represent a wide variety of patient populations, as well as different types of underlying traumatic events. Together, they reveal the breadth of clinical possibilities currently available to trauma therapists encountering cases of CPTSD. They also highlight the challenges and dilemmas that clinicians often face when treating this condition, as well as ways to overcome those.

A Study on the Structural Relationship between Attachment Trauma, Internalized Shame, and Interpersonal Relationship Problems: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Experiential Avoidance

A Study on the Structural Relationship between Attachment Trauma, Internalized Shame, and Interpersonal Relationship Problems: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Experiential Avoidance

Challenges related to the organizational climate of the nursing team in a public hospital - nurses' perception.

The organizational climate is related to the degree of motivation of its employees. This perception is essentially felt, it is neither seen nor touched, but it is real. This study aims to identify difficulties and potentialities related to the organizational climate of the nursing staff at a public hospital in the Federal District. Methodologically, a descriptive and exploratory study was carried out characterized by a qualitative approach. The thematic content analysis led to three interpretative dimensions: environment and working conditions; communication, interpersonal relationship and work flows; motivation to improve the work environment. The results indicate a deficit of human resources, scarcity of material resources, supplies, precarious physical structure, in addition to interpersonal relationship problems, such as the (de)valuation of professional nurses and nursing. The challenges posed to managers go beyond the technical and structural dimension, the technological complexity of equipment without maintenance, as it unfolds through the human dimension, feelings and unmet needs (of appreciation) of nursing, which needs to be cared for, valued, heard and seen in their care process.

Differences in Interpersonal Relationship Problems and Social Interaction Anxiety According to Clusters of Childhood Trauma Experiences

Differences in Interpersonal Relationship Problems and Social Interaction Anxiety According to Clusters of Childhood Trauma Experiences

초등 Wee 클래스 상담사 대상 원예치료 프로그램 도입 방안

This study aimed to gather essential data for integrating horticultural therapy activities into the Wee class counseling program. The findings revealed that a substantial proportion (40.9%) reported substantial experience implementing horticultural therapy in the Wee classes, with 37.5% of sessions led by horticultural therapists. Horticultural therapy was widely perceived as beneficial for counseling (33.1%). The key prerequisites for introducing horticultural therapy into Wee classes were training for horticultural therapy counselors (59.1%) and budget support (27.3%). The anticipated benefits included diversifying counseling techniques (26.5%), applicability to diverse clients (25.3%), promoting counselor self-healing (12.6%), and emotional purification (33.9%). Target groups were individuals with emotional issues such as anxiety and depression (30.7%), interpersonal relationship problems (17.8%), behavioral problems like violence (13.5%), and addiction issues (11.5%). Counselor training (59.1%) was the foremost prerequisite for implementing horticultural therapy due to its educational effectiveness (34.6%), applicability in group counseling (29.8%), and potential to help counselors with burnout (19.1%). As for the composition of the horticultural treatment training program, 'the composition of the actual program that can be actually applied to horticultural treatment' was the highest (32.5%), and the most preferred operating session was 5 to 8 sessions (47.8%). The intention to participate in the horticultural treatment therapy sessions was reported to be high after the training (90.9%). The necessity of horticultural therapy programs, based on the characteristics of Wee class counselors, was analyzed using t-tests for quantitative variables and chi-square tests (𝒙2) for qualitative variables with multiple categories. A significant correlation was found between counseling experience and the degree of training participation (p=.002), although the need for training was not significantly correlated with experience. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the operational experience of horticultural therapy programs and the degree of training participation (p=.012). Chi-square tests were employed to evaluate distribution variances among different groups based on their operational experience with horticultural therapy programs.

The Structure of Identity Dysfunction in Self-Report Measures

Identity dysfunction is considered core to psychopathology, contributing to emotional and interpersonal problems across psychiatric diagnoses. Despite its centrality in theories of personality and psychopathology, the empirical research on the structure of identity dysfunction is fragmented by a plethora of self-report measures assessing varied domains of identity dysfunction. This project examines conceptual domains of identity dysfunction in self-report assessments, with the goal of elucidating a clear structure of identity dysfunction to advance both theory and measurement. Toward this aim, we a) investigate the factor structure of identity dysfunction in existing self-report measures, using exploratory factor analysis and b) examine relationships between identity dysfunction and closely related constructs, using exploratory structural equation modeling. We assess responses from 632 young adults to 17 commonly used identity functioning self-report measures. In a series of exploratory factor analyses, we identified four content-domains of Identity Dysfunction (Self-Alienation, Susceptibility to External Influence, Self-Dysregulation, and Contingent Self-Esteem) and three content domains of Identity Clarity (Self-Consistency, Reflective Functioning, and Authentic Living). These content domains were largely well-represented by a single factor. In a series of exploratory structural equation models, emergent factors related similarly to personality, emotion dysregulation, and values and problems in interpersonal relationships.

The relationship between bullying victimization and impairment in personality functioning in a clinical adolescent sample.

Problematic interpersonal relationships may represent both, a risk factor for the development or trigger of personality disorder (PD) symptoms and its consequences. Since peer relationships become more and more important in adolescence, the current study explores the cross-sectional association between recent bullying experiences and levels of impairment in personality functioning according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD; Criterion A) in help-seeking adolescents (N = 493). Logistic and multiple regression analyses revealed that patients who were frequently bullied in the past 3 months (i.e., at least once a week) were more likely to reach the diagnostic threshold for PD according to the AMPD (OR = 1.71, p = .025) and showed higher levels of impairment in identity (β = .41, p < .001), empathy (β = .26, p = .002), and intimacy (β = .30, p = .001), but not self-direction, compared to patients who did not report any bullying experiences. Occasional bullying in the past 3 months (i.e., every few weeks) was neither associated with a greater likelihood to reach the diagnostic threshold for PD nor with greater impairments in identity, self-direction, empathy, or intimacy compared to no bullying. While the current study provides support for a correlation between bullying experiences and personality dysfunction (particularly in the elements identity and intimacy), longitudinal research is needed to clarify whether experiences of bullying cause or trigger personality dysfunction or/and vice versa. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

자기애적 웅대성 및 자기애적 취약성이 공격성에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of envy and shame in the relationship between narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability which are individual personality characteristics and aggression which can cause problems in interpersonal relationships using a structural equation model. Methods A total of 231 data were collected online using a self-report questionnaire form consisting of pathological narcissism, envy, shame experience, and aggression measures for unmarried men and women aged 20 to 35 in Korea, and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Mplus ver. 7. Results First, both narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability had significant positive correlations with envy, shame, and aggression. Second, narcissistic vulnerability had a significant positive effect on envy, shame, and aggression. Third, it was confirmed that narcissistic vulnerability had a positive influence on aggression, partially mediated by envy. Conclusions This study empirically investigated the impact of pathological narcissism, particularly narcissistic vulnerability on aggression and highlighted the importance of envy, providing useful information for counseling and therapeutic interventions.

미혼 초기성인의 외로움, 성인애착, 고독동기에 따른 잠재프로파일과 자기효능감 및 대인관계문제의 차이

This study explored potential classes according to the level of loneliness, adult attachment, and motivation for solitude to understand the experiences of early unmarried adults in a social background where time alone increases due to the single-person households increase and spread of non-face-to-face communication. Data were collected from 633 unmarried early adults aged 18-39. As a result of conducting a latent profile analysis(LPA), three classes were the most appropriate. According to the form, they were named as ‘high adaptation non-loneliness’, ‘medium adaptation’, and ‘low adaptation solitude’ groups. The lower the group’s adaptation, the higher the level of loneliness, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, and non-determined solitude motivation. In the case of self-determined solitude motivation, only the difference between the ‘low adaptation solitude’ group and the ‘high adaptation non-loneliness’ group was significant. Furthermore, BCH analysis was conducted to confirm whether there is a difference between the level of self-efficacy and interpersonal problems. As a result, it was found that the ‘high adaptation non-loneliness’ group reported the highest level of self-efficacy and was experiencing the lowest level of interpersonal problems. The ‘intermediate adaptation’ group had significantly higher self-efficacy and confidence among the sub-scale than the ‘low adaptation solitude’ group, but there was no significant difference in self-regulation efficacy and task difficulty preference. Finally, the ‘low adaptation solitude’ group reported the lowest level of self-efficacy and was found to be experiencing the greatest interpersonal problem among the three groups. In addition, the results of this study are expected to be used as the basis for setting up a differentiated counseling method that can intervene in the client’s experience of loneliness, self-efficacy, and interpersonal relationship problems according to individual characteristics in the counseling field.

Brain alterations in adolescents with first-episode depression who have experienced adverse events: evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Adverse life events constitute primary risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD), influencing brain function and structure. Adolescents, with their brains undergoing continuous development, are particularly susceptible to enduring impacts of adverse events. We investigated differences and correlations among childhood trauma, negative life events, and alterations of brain function in adolescents with first-episode MDD. The study included 23 patients with MDD and 19 healthy controls, aged 10-19 years. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed using the beck depression inventory, childhood trauma questionnaire, and adolescent self-rating life events checklist. Compared with healthy controls, participants with first-episode MDD were more likely to have experienced emotional abuse, physical neglect, interpersonal relationship problems, and learning stress (all p' < 0.05). These adverse life events were significantly correlated with alterations in brain functions (all p < 0.05). This study contributes novel evidence on the underlying process between adverse life events, brain function, and depression, emphasizing the significant neurophysiological impact of environmental factors.

Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Calculator for Alcohol-Related Adverse Outcomes: Results from a Composite Scale Approach in a Nationally Representative Sample

AbstractWe tested how 5 simple variables, routinely collected in primary care (i.e., the 3 AUDIT-C items, age, and sex), could constitute a clinician-friendly risk calculator tool of the 3-year risk of several alcohol-related adverse outcomes (i.e., alcohol use disorder, withdrawal symptoms, occurrence of tremors or seizures, and alcohol related interpersonal relationship problems, legal problems, and psychological problems) among non-alcohol-dependent individuals consuming alcohol. Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of US adults, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (wave 1, 2001–2002; wave 2, 2004–2005). We used scaled and rounded composite scoring systems to combine information derived from these predictors and quantify the risks for each subject. Analyses were limited to 16,710 respondents without a lifetime history of alcohol use disorder who completed both interviews and had consumed alcohol during the year prior to wave 1 (development sample N = 8355, validation sample N = 8355). The risk equations calibrated well (Hosmer and Lemeshow test p values ≥ 0.072) and showed good predictive values (C indices ranging from 0.727 to 0.872) in the validation sample. This risk calculator can be clinically useful in primary care for identification of at-risk individuals, encourage respondents to reduce their drinking, and improve prevention.

The Effect of Depression on Smartphone Addiction: The Medicating Effects of Interpersonal Problem in Korean Adolescents

IntroductionProblematic smartphone use is twice as common among teenagers as it is among adults. Smartphone addiction is associated with anxiety, depression, attention deficit disorder, impulsivity, and sleep problems, among other issues.ObjectivesTo assess whether interpersonal relationship problems mediate the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression among adolescents (ages 12-17) currently enrolled in middle and high school.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 653 middle and high school students living in Wonju, South Korea between September 1 and November 30, 2019. Depression was measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). In order to evaluate smartphone addiction, the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form Version (SAS-SV) was used. To examine interpersonal problems, the Korea Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scale (KIIP-SC) was employed. We used the dplyr package to check for skew, kurtosis, and create density plots. Scatterplots and Pearson correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between the main variables. For the mediation analysis, we used the 8 sub-scales of KIIP-SC (Domineering, Vindictive, Cold, Socially avoidant, Nonassertive, Exploitable, Overly Nurturant, Intrusive) as mediators and conducted a mediation analysis with 10,000 bootstrap samples using the lavaan package in R, version 4.2.2. Each analysis was evaluated based on a 95% confidence interval to determine significance.ResultsDepression, interpersonal problems, and smartphone addiction exhibited significant positive correlations with each other. The direct effect of smartphone addiction was found to be significant. The association between depression and smartphone addiction was mediated by the KIIP-HI (Nonassertive), the KIIP-JK (Exploitable) and the KIIP-NO (Intrusive).ConclusionsInterpersonal problems mediate the relationship between depression and smartphone addiction. Identifying the high-risk group is essential for treatment strategy development.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Non-violent communication as a technology in interpersonal relationships in health work: a scoping review

BackgroundWorking in healthcare environments is highly stressful for most professionals and can trigger problems in interpersonal relationships that can result in horizontal violence. In order to prevent violence and improve the working environment, some strategies can be implemented to provide well-being for all those involved, whether directly or indirectly in health care, such as non-violent communication. The aim of this study was to map and synthesize the available scientific evidence on the use of Nonviolent Communication as a technology for a culture of peace in interpersonal relationships in healthcare.MethodsThis is a scoping review carried out in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Excerpa Medica DataBASE (Embase), PsycINFO - APA/ PsycNET (American Psychological Association) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases between March and August 2023. The eligibility criteria used were studies that addressed the topic of NVC in the area of health, published in Portuguese, Spanish or English, with no time restrictions.Results53 studies were found in the databases. Two additional studies were extracted from of primary research. In the first exclusion phase, 16 texts were removed due to being duplicated. 39 articles were potentially relevant, and full-texts were reviewed for eligibility along with the inclusion and exclusion criteria Thus, seven studies were included in this review, published in English (five) and Portuguese (two), two of which were carried out in Brazil, one in the United States of America, one in South Korea, one in France, one in Canada and one in Thailand. In terms of the type of study/publication, two studies were reflections, one was a review, one was a mixed study, one was an experience report and two were experimental. The studies were predominantly of high and moderate methodological quality (85.7%). The total number of participants in the studies was 185. The studies showed that NVC is a technology that has made it possible to improve interpersonal relationships between health professionals. Training programs or educational intervention projects on the subject are useful for familiarizing professionals with the subject and demonstrating situations in which the technique can be included.ConclusionThe global scientific literature indicates that Nonviolent Communication is a significant resource for improving interpersonal relationships in healthcare work. This approach can be adopted as a strategy by managers and decision-makers, both to resolve conflicts and to prevent aggressive situations between health professionals, especially when it comes to moral or psychological aspects.

Relationship between College Students’ Emotional Cognition Clarity and Interpersonal Relationship Problems: Dual Mediation Effect of Ability to Empathize and Cognitive Flexibility

Relationship between College Students’ Emotional Cognition Clarity and Interpersonal Relationship Problems: Dual Mediation Effect of Ability to Empathize and Cognitive Flexibility

부적응 다문화 청소년의 애착과 정서표현 양가성 관계에서 대인 관계 문제의 매개 효과

In this study, we aimed to examine whether attachment-anxiety and attachment-avoidance affect emotional expression ambivalence in maladaptive multicultural youth, and to confirm the mediating effect of interpersonal problems in the relationship between maladaptive multicultural youth attachment style and emotional expression ambivalence. In the study, based on previous research suggesting that understanding the level of attachment of close others is more important than understanding the attachment pattern with parents, the subjects of the study were multicultural adolescents attending 10 high schools located in Gyeonggi-do. A survey was conducted on a total of 176 participants, analyzing 78 male and 98 female adolescents. The self-report questionnaires ECR-R, AEQ-K, and IIP were used for measurement. For the analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program, followed by regression analysis and Sobel tests to verify the mediation effect. The results of the study showed firstly significant differences in the correlation between interpersonal relationship problems and emotional expression ambivalence according to the attachment type of maladaptive multicultural youth. Secondly, it was found that interpersonal problems had a mediating effect in the relationship between emotional expression ambivalence, according to the attachment type of maladaptive multicultural youth.

«Запечатленный кризис»: кинематограф К. Рейгадаса на стыке культурных парадигм

This article examines the work of the Mexican filmmaker Carlos Reygadas. The representative of the new auteur cinema, the developing direction of “slow cinema”, he is the exponent of those social and cultural problems on which the attention of European directors of the first third of the 21st century is focused. The example of Reygadas’ films shows the changes that society has undergone in recent decades in the transition from the postmodern to the metamodern culture. The interdisciplinary approach to the study of his work is designed to more fully reveal the ideological and thematic orientation of the films and to illuminate the cultural and historical process of the first decades of the 21st century, which will constitute the novelty of the study. Based on the ideas of T. Vermeulen and R. van den Akker that the metamodern seeks to remove the contradictions between different art movements, past and present cultures, the author of the article attempts to demonstrate how this trend manifested itself in the work of Reygadas. At the same time, the reference to the mythology of Mesoamerica and the “philosophy of liberation” of Latin America shows that Vermeulen and van den Akker’s concept of culture transformation through the resolution of contradictions reflects the situation of a crisis in which modern society is involved. In the director’s films, this is reflected in the inability of the individual to make contact with the Other and the reality around them. Moreover, the films of the 2000s showed an attempt to get out of the former social and cultural paradigm, but by the end of the 2010s, the problem of interpersonal relations was not resolved, and reality acquired the status of “elusive”. This allows us to draw a preliminary conclusion that society is still in a state of a crisis, experiencing a change of cultural formations, and the transition from postmodernism to metamodernism cannot be considered a completed process.

Exploring gender differences in risk factors for self-harm in adolescents using data from the Millennium Cohort Study

BackgroundSelf-harm is common in young people and girls have consistently higher rates of self-harm than boys. Differences in exposure and reactions to risk and protective factors, adverse events and problematic interpersonal relationships, and levels of wellbeing could contribute to the gender difference. This study aims to explore gender differences in risk factors associated with self-harm, to provide the foundation for developing more gender-sensitive approaches to self-harm management. MethodsData were analysed from 11,196 young people recruited to the Millennium Cohort Study, surveyed around age 14. We examined gender differences in the prevalence of key psychological and social risk factors for self-harm, including family and peer relationships, emotional wellbeing, and bullying and victimisation. We utilised modified Poisson regression to estimate gender-specific risks. ResultsAt age 14 self-harm prevalence was 15.4 % with a ratio of 2.6 females to 1 male. Differential exposure to recorded psychosocial risk factors explained a third of the gender difference in risk of self-harm. Intense social media use and not confiding in family members were associated with a greater likelihood of self-harm in girls than boys. Bullying others and same-sex attraction were more strongly associated with self-harm in boys than girls. LimitationsSelf-harm data were obtained by self-report therefore subject to misclassification. The cross-sectional design does not enable us to establish causation. ConclusionsUnhappiness and dissatisfaction are common in adolescence. Our findings suggest the need for further research into young people's experiences to explore why rates differ and inform the development of gender-specific approaches to self-harm management.

Brief computerised self-help interventions, the “Miracle Question,” and the moderating effects of openness-to-experience

Brief, self-help positive psychology interventions (PPIs) have certain advantages over longer, guided interventions (e.g. higher completion rates). The “Miracle Question(s)” – the most famous intervention in solution-focused therapy and coaching – appears to be a promising brief, self-help PPI. However, very little experimental research on the “Miracle Question” has been conducted. The present study investigated the effects of a brief self-help MQ intervention on several aspects of wellbeing, including hope, expectancy, goal clarity and affect. The MQ intervention was compared against both a problem-focused and neutral coaching approach. Three online experiments were conducted with participants aged 18-76 across the world. Two experiments focused on “life problems” whilst the third focused on problems in interpersonal relationships. Results suggested that all three interventions raise expectancy in the context of life (but not relationship) problems. However, as hypothesised, the relative effects of such interventions may depend on openness-to-experience. At high[low] levels of openness-to-experience, the MQ technique was more[less] effective than the problem-focused or neutral coaching interventions, at least for some aspects of wellbeing. The study sheds much-needed light on the MQ technique and on brief self-help interventions. Widely recommended as a means of enhancing wellbeing, the MQ technique may not be universally effective (in a self-help format) and requires further investigation. On the other hand, the study suggests that brief self-help computerized PPIs may indeed be enthusiastically adopted, especially when compared with longer interventions.

"They should ask about our feelings": Mongolian women's experiences of postpartum depression.

Between 16 and 20% of perinatal women in low- and middle-income countries experience depression. Addressing postpartum depression (PPD) requires an appreciation of how it manifests and is understood in different cultural settings. This study explores postpartum Mongolian women's perceptions and experiences of PPD. We conducted interviews with 35 postpartum women who screened positive for possible depression to examine: (1) personal experiences of pregnancy/childbirth; (2) perceived causes and symptoms of PPD; and (3) strategies for help/support for women experiencing PPD. Unless extreme, depression was not viewed as a disease but rather as a natural condition following childbirth. Differences between a biomedical model of PPD and local idioms of distress could explain why awareness about PPD was low. The most reported PPD symptom was emotional volatility expressed as anger and endorsement of fear- or anxiety-related screening questions, suggesting that these might be especially relevant in the Mongolian context. Psychosocial factors, as opposed to biological, were common perceived causes of PPD, especially interpersonal relationship problems, financial strain, and social isolation. Possible barriers to PPD recognition/treatment included lack of awareness about the range of symptoms, reluctance to initiate discussions with providers about mental health, and lack of PPD screening practices by healthcare providers. We conclude that educational campaigns should be implemented in prenatal/postnatal clinics and pediatric settings to help women and families identify PPD symptoms, and possibly destigmatize PPD. Healthcare providers can also help to identify women with PPD through communication with women and families.