Infrastructure Problems Research Articles

Public transportation in the DMQ by geography and incidence

Excessive traffic and the need to move around have created social, infrastructure, time and coverage problems due to the value currently provided by urban transportation. The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of public transportation in the DMQ according to the variable considered geographically and the way in which it affects fuel consumption. Through a descriptive analysis of the factors that affect fuel consumption, data was collected from three transportation routes, each with different geographic characteristics to determine an average consumption in each route. The fuel consumption of route 3 (Ofelia/Marín) was determined to be adequate according to the study, where route 3, with its geographic conditions and greater distance compared to the others, has an ideal driving performance close to constant speeds. It is concluded that fuel consumption is affected by the type of driving of the vehicle as well as the geographic conditions present in the DMQ, however, the percentage of profit of each operator affects citizens who seek to reduce transportation costs by using public transportation.

Participation of Tribal Farm Women in Fruit Crops Production Practices in Arunachal Pradesh

A study was conducted in 7 districts of Arunachal Pradesh, namely, Papumpare, Lower Subansiri, East Siang, West Siang, West Kameng, Namsai and Lohit. A total of 420 respondents were selected to determine the extent of participation of tribal farm women in diff erent fruit crop production activities along with the problems faced by them in diff erent fruit crops production activities. It was found that among all the activities of fruit crop production, maximum (56.67%) number of respondents had ‘independent participation’ in cleaning of fruit plant, 87.62 per cent of the respondents had ‘joint participation’ in selection of plot and 79.52 per cent of the respondents had ‘no participation’ in smudging. The study highlights the correlates of the extent of participation in fruit crop production with selected personal variables of the tribal farm women. The results revealed that the variable viz. family size (r=0.110*) exhibited a positive and signifi cant relationship with the extent of participation whereas the variables viz. age, educational qualifi cation, family type, organizational membership and landholding did not exhibit any signifi cant relationship with extent of participation. Findings revealed that in the case of infrastructural problems, improper transport facilities were ranked one (1.35), nutritional defi ciency among plants (0.95) stood fi rst for production problems, lack of Govt. subsidy (1.86) becomes fi rst barrier for economic problems, non-availability of scientifi c technology (1.12) ranks fi rst for technological problems, similarly, overloaded household work (1.68) in case of socioeconomic problems and health problems (0.66) came fi rst for others problems faced by women in fruit production.

River logistics amid war and post-war recovery in Ukraine: current situation and prospects .

River logistics amid war and post-war recovery in Ukraine: current situation and prospects .

COVID-19, Changes in educational practices and the perception of stress by university educators in Latin America – a post-pandemic analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about profound changes in social and professional contexts. Schools and universities all over the world were closed to curb the contamination. In a short period, many educators were forced to reinvent their classes in a non-classroom mode, mediated by technology. This scenario of overwork can lead educators to stress, favoring distress, anxiety, and depression due to the uncertainties resulting from the pandemic and the search for new knowledge acquisition. This paper shows the research results conducted by university educators in Latin America who have been exercising teaching activities during social isolation imposed by COVID-19. The results show that with just one exception, educators from all countries reported suffering from some stress-related aspects concerning some manner to remote teaching. Higher workload perception came from women, unfolding gender inequalities amplified during pandemics. There is no clear relationship between the degree of technological expertise and stress factors, although, in general, educators use more time to prepare learning material and monitor students’ progress. Technological infrastructure was not a big concern for those educators in big cities, but some fundamental infrastructure problems were reported due to each country’s economic reality or geographic conditions.

DORA NKEM AKUNYILI (1954-2014): A PRINCIPLED ANTI-CORRUPTION WARRIOR

This paper argues that corruption remains one of the major social evils plaguing the Nigerian nation. The country faces also a range of other socio-economic and infrastructure problems which citizens complain about almost daily. However, the vice of corruption reigns supreme, jeopardising the very foundations of the state. Some ethicists argue that corruption has manifested itself as a universal phenomenon, one which stifles the economy and impedes Nigeria’s progress towards attainment of the Millennium Developmental Goals, let alone the present Millennium Sustainable Goals. Nigeria’s anti-corruption bodies seem incapable of stopping what many have described as the “Nigerian factor” or the “Nigerian way”. This article submits that, notwithstanding this depressing state of affairs, there is a glimmer of hope that public trust is redeemable, especially when having regard to the ethical values that marked the public life of Dora Nkem Akunyili, the erstwhile Nigerian academic and civil servant. It analyses the role she played in the Federal Government of Nigeria, in particular from an ethical perspective. In spite of her human weaknesses, it lauds her exemplary conduct as a crusader to implement anti-corruption international best-practice in Nigeria.

Implementation and Challenges : "Digital Payment System Port Transportation in Developed Countries in Southeast Asia''

ASEAN makes development priorities and policies for structuring and integrating world ports in ASEAN STOM with three focuses such as Single Shipping Market (ASSM), ASSM Coordination Board, and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). The study aims to look at the implementation and challenges of developing the Payment System Port Transportation in Southeast Asian countries with the development system of Single Shipping Market (ASSM), ASSM Coordination Board and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in Mainland Asia Country and Insular Asia Country. The method used is a literature study with meta-analysis and information from previous research. The results obtained by Laem Chabang Port, Thailand occupy category I Focus on Single Shipping Market (ASSM) Development, ASSM Coordination Board and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). Meanwhile, in the Insular Asia Country at the ports of Singapore and Tanjung Priok, Jakarta the challenges faced were 33% policy and regulatory issues, 25% infrastructure problems, 22% institutional and human resources and 20% of planning and budgeting. Recommendations were given for the formation of integration and cooperation of ASEAN countries in formulating a transportation development strategy by creating a digital payment system environment so as to help entrepreneurs and industry as well as transportation users.
 Keywords: Dygital payment system, port transportasi development

Analyzing the Impact of Electricity Rates on the Feasibility of Solar PV and Energy Storage Systems in Commercial Buildings: Financial vs. Resilience Perspective

The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and battery energy storage (BES) systems in commercial buildings has been increasing significantly in recent years. Most of these systems, however, are designed to solely minimize the investment and operation costs. With the increasing concerns about high-impact low-probability (HILP) events, such as natural disasters, and their impact on power system resilience, there is a substantial need to integrate outage risks in power system infrastructure planning problems. This paper examines the impact of various electricity rates on the feasibility of PV and BES systems in commercial buildings for financial and resilience purposes. Simulation studies are conducted using the Renewable Energy Integration & Optimization (REopt) decision support software to optimize the size of solar PV and BES systems for both financial and resilience purposes, considering different combinations of geographic locations, load profiles, electricity rates, and outage durations. The feasibility assessment is conducted by analyzing and comparing the net present value (NPV) for each combination of parameters.

Analysis of Current Infrastructure & Future Perspective For E-Mobility in India

The study will highlight several infrastructural problems and some crucial variables that may push India’s transportation industry to buy an electric automobile. The study’s primary section will shed light on the environmental, economic, and other benefits of e-mobility transportation. Afterwards, the second part reflects the basic understanding of e-mobility and the everyday challenges and barriers to e-mobility. The next part of the study covers research aspects such as the research strategy and different methods and tools for data collection to complete the research work. The next chapter demonstrates the analysis of the data gathered from the different sources. Following this, the article indicates the approach strategy of the Indian government toward e-mobility and infrastructural comparison between India and some developed countries to figure out the main factors. In the end, the last chapter of this article recommends some strategies and solutions to counter challenges that can affect the Indian automobile sector and the determination of some significant elements to ensure an effortless change from conventional mobility to an electric method of transportation.

Soil Energy Harvester for Batteryless Wireless Sensor Network Node using Redox Method

The Wireless Sensor Network technologies has great advantage that provide us with cheap solution to deal with telecommunication infrastructure problem that don’t exist in extreme and isolated area. However, the biggest problem exist within wireless sensor network was WSN node limited power. In this paper we try to provide battery less power sources for Wireless Sensor Network Node using Redox method. Using 9 combinations of electrodes circuits, it can provide 6.53 volt and turn on Arduino Mini Pro microcontroller. However, the second it turns on Arduino Mini Pro the voltage drops to 1.73 Volts. Hence this energy harvester can provide power to the Arduino Mini Pro microcontroller with unstable power supply.

Multinational corporations and sustainable development goals: an interventionist approach toward quality tertiary education in Nigeria’s case study (Etisalat)

The central argument of this paper was to examine the intervention of Multinational Corporations toward improving tertiary education. Tertiary education in Nigeria is undoubtedly challenged; among these issues are inadequate funding and mismanagement of funds, infrastructural problem, and ongoing strike by university lecturers. A qualitative method of data collection and analysis was used for the study. Interviews were conducted, and NVivo software was utilized in the transcription, coding, and analysis of data from the interview. This was supported by the secondary data, including journals, relevant books, periodicals, newspaper reports, internet sources, government releases, and CSR reports. The findings reveal that per Sustainable Development Goals for education (SDG 4: Quality Education), Etisalat has considerably improved Nigeria’s Tertiary education. This includes the Etisalat telecommunications engineering postgraduate program. The scholarship was also provided for university lecturers to improve their capacity. It has empowered the local lecturers to learn cutting-edge competence in telecommunication engineering. Since its inception, the merit scholarship award has improved the knowledge of STEM among Nigeria’s tertiary institutions. This study adds to the literature on the role of non-state actors, especially Multinational Corporations, in developing the education sector in Nigeria and achieving sustainable development goals around the globe.

SPECIFICS OF GAINING ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE BY REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE

The article examines the problems of the emergence and development of the flow of refugees from Ukraine during the first half of 2022 as a complex phenomenon that depends on rational (economic) and irrational (social-psychological) factors. The phenomenological model, created on the basis of the Burgers’ equation, which reproduces the process of the involvement of the new refugees to the flow and the resistance of the environment to the formation of this flow, made it possible to analyze such subtle effects as the existence of a hub country, where the initial accumulation of refugees takes place, followed by redistribution, and the influence of infrastructure problems in the exit country. Transitional regimes from the infrastructural problems prevailing in the country of exit to the predominant influence of the hub-country effects are also considered. It is concluded that the entry to new levels of the refugee flow could be achieved due to the effects of emotional and economic (rational) behavior of refugees replenishing the hub, i.e., a stepwise development of the refugee flow is possible if new hubs would be created, or the existing hub will be freed up from overloading. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it is shown that in the case when the refugee flow is restrained by infrastructural problems in the exodus country, the exit to the stationary regime is delayed. Identification of the proposed model was carried out based on the empirical data on the refugee flow development using the apparatus of incorrect problems of the mathematical physics. A comparison of the dynamic effects of the refugee flow development from Ukraine with similar processes in Syria and Iraq was carried out, which allowed for identification of the zones of influence of infrastructure problems and the hub effect in the refugee flow development. The use of the concept of refugees’ economic independence (self-sufficiency), which was developed in 2018 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, was proposed as a basis for policy formation in the field of refugee assistance. The consequences of the discrete use of this concept in the case of refugees from Syria are analyzed, and the dynamics of employment opportunities for these refugees in countries with similar and different socio-cultural conditions were compared. A conclusion was made about the fundamental difference in the employment trends in those types of countries. The authors formulated proposals regarding the utilization of the Monte Carlo methods and the learning model for researching the peculiarities of the process of Ukrainian refugees achieving a certain level of economic independence (self-sufficiency), determining the typical time of reaching such a level, obtaining the distribution of probabilities of getting the first job depending on the initial competencies and skills of refuges, their education, experience, and foreign languages mastery.

Assessment of Availability and Utilization of Medical Equipment’s in Nekemte Specialized Hospital, August, 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the availability and utilization of medical equipment in Nekemte Specialized Hospital (NSH). Methods and Materials: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed. Adapted and pre-tested structured English version checklist for availability and utilization of medical equipment, document review and an in-depth interview were used for data collection. Data were collected by observation of availability of the medical equipment and interviewing selected professionals for utilization of capital item medical equipment. Microsoft excel 2013 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis was made to determine the availability and functional status of medical devices and qualitative part were thematically analysed. Results: This finding showed that about 60.4% (209) of medical equipment are available from the total required quantity of 348 which account only 45 (37.2%) of them were items. Among the available 209 medical equipment’s about 84.67% of them are functional and 15.33% of them were non-functional during the assessment. Besides, the Donated equipment accounts 45%. From eight-capital item three of them were properly utilized with utilization coefficient of 81.4%, 100% and 100.0% while the rest five were underutilized with utilization coefficient of 2.5%, 5.77%, 9.2% and 0%. Conclusion and Recommendation: The hospital lacks valuable, advanced and specialized medical equipment that are needed for diagnosis and treatment. Medical equipment fails due to lack of training for user, infrastructure problem like power surge and hard water, and misuse. Training that improves skill of the user and technicians should be given.

Malaria in Children: Updates on Management and Prevention.

Malaria in Children: Updates on Management and Prevention.

Methods for infrastructure planning in areas close to hospitals at the regional level

Healthcare emergency management is also an infrastructure problem, in terms of accessibility and safety but nowadays there is lack of consolidated method to solve this issue. Concerning accessibility, the access to the nearest hospital should be guaranteed from each city in the region in an acceptable time. Concerning safety, road arterials travelled by emergency vehicles should have high safety standards, for emergency vehicles and the reduction of congestion due to traffic crashes. This study aims at providing a methodological framework (tested in the case of Apulia, Italy) to conduct accessibility and safety assessments at the regional level, in case of existing and new hospitals. Accessibility and safety were studied setting specific metrics, like time to reach the hospital and accident analysis at macroscopic level to plan safety interventions. The least safe road sites in the ranking obtained by applying the proposed indicators for new and existing hospitals can be improved.

Examination of Primary Teacher Candidates' Experiences in Distance Education Teaching Practices

In this research, we aimed to examine and understand the experiences of the participants regarding the teaching practice courses held with distance education during the pandemic. The participants of the research are all eight students who took teaching practice courses in the primary school education program of a university in Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. The research was designed as basic qualitative research. Research data were obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted via video call individually with the participants. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results show that participants experienced problems due to the lack of interaction with the primary school students and practice teachers. In the problems that arise in the distance education process; we can say that the lack of infrastructure, knowledge and experience of the stakeholders are effective. It is necessary to eliminate the infrastructure problems related to distance education and to provide information and experience to the stakeholders by integrating distance education into formal education processes. In this way, we can be prepared for the next pandemics or similar extraordinary situations.

Analysis of the Bacterial Community of Metal Scrap Using an Enrichment Culture Approach

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metal alloys is promoted by biofilms formed on metal surfaces. In the marine environment, MIC causes serious metal infrastructure problems, which lead to significant economic losses. In this study, we used an enrichment culture approach to examine the bacterial community that grows on metal surface at levels below the detection limit as a preliminary study for developing guidelines to prevent biofilm formation. An enrichment culture approach was employed to analyze the bacterial community on metal surface without biofilms and corrosion. Genomic DNA was extracted from culture sample after incubation in the enrichment culture with a metal piece, and then the V3–V4 variable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA as the template. Subsequently, using a next-generation sequencing approach, the amplified V3–V4 regions were sequenced, and the bacterial community was analyzed using the QIIME 2 microbiome bioinformatics platform. Using this enrichment culture approach, more than 80 bacterial genera were detected with Sphingomonas bacteria exhibiting the highest relative abundance (44%). These results demonstrated that this method could be useful for bacterial community analysis for bacteria below detection limits, and will serve as a basis for the development of the guidelines.

Challenges and strategies for the internationalization of higher education in low-income East African countries

As it becomes more crucial to push the boundaries of science to develop new technologies and important global initiatives, internationalization can be instrumental in helping underdeveloped countries overcome challenges such as poverty, climate change, and educational inequalities. Higher education institutions have always faced challenges in the process of internationalization, which have occupied scholarly attention in recent decades, but little research has been conducted on the internationalization of higher education in less developed African countries. This qualitative study aims to shed light on the challenges of internationalization of higher education in low-income countries in East Africa. After reviewing the literature and interviewing academics, the obtained data were thematically analyzed. The results suggested 12 main challenges, which were classified into four major categories. The challenges include a lack of clear policies and guidelines; the inefficiency of the organizational structure of internationalization; financial, infrastructure, and equipment problems; weaknesses in scientific, skill, and language competences; cultural differences; non-reciprocal relationships; and a brain drain. Finally, strategies for responding to these challenges with regard to the internal and external environments of higher education institutions were proposed. Among the internal strategies of higher education institutions are the development of clear policies and visions, planning for the development of human resources, and sustainable budgeting for internationalization programs. External strategies emphasize the development of national policies and laws based on contextual and environmental conditions, as well as interaction and participation in international meetings to expand communication and use the scientific and economic capacities of international agencies and institutions.

Development of transport infrastructure of cross-border regions on the basis of zoning

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the zoning of the cross-border regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Objectives. The article aims to assess the impact of certain indicators of the transport infrastructure functioning on the socioeconomic development of the cross-border regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis. Results. The article identifies four groups of the regions under study according to the degree of influence of transport infrastructure on the development of the economy, identifies the main challenges of the transport infrastructure functioning, and determines the areas of its development. Conclusions. Specific management decisions to solve the problems of transport infrastructure’s development should be made depending on the belonging of the region to one of the four groups.

Problems of customs and logistics infrastructure in the Eurasian Economic Union

The article discusses the situation in the logistics market during the Special military operation period. The purpose of the article is to assess the problems with supply chains on the example of a particular company, the dynamics of the volume of cargo transportation with Western countries, as well as the analysis of the dynamics of the foreign trade of the Russian Federation.

Does Technopark Play a Role in Local Economic Development? Case Study in Samosir Regency

Local economic development is one of the development policies that is considered appropriate and strategic in the context of regional development in Indonesia by optimally utilizing local resources. In line with this concept, the Government of Samosir Regency established a technopark as a centre for innovation based on inland fishery resources to encourage local economic activities for the community. The purpose of this study is to examine the strategy of the local government of Samosir Regency in developing the local economy through technopark based on inland fishery resources. The analytical tool used by the Analytical Network Process (ANP) includes analysis of aspects of factors, problems, solutions, and alternative strategies. Based on the results of the ANP analysis, the collaboration factor is the most influencing factor in strategy development. Meanwhile, in the problem aspect, the problem of limited infrastructure, low public interest and weak commitment, are the main problems that need to be resolved, so that the solution aspect becomes a priority is building trust between stakeholders, allocation of financing for infrastructure and socialization of coaching programs to the community. The formulation of the main strategy for local economic development through the development of technoparks based on the results of the ANP analysis is to build multi-stakeholder synergy to support local economic development in Samosir Regency.