This paper discusses how urban agriculture is promoted in Havana as a means of addressing the acute food scarcity problems that developed when Soviet aid and trade were drastically curtailed in 1989. It describes the contributions which Havana's 26,000 self-provision gardens make to household nutrition and income and to communities’ environmental quality, drawing on research which included interviews with a range of households engaged in urban agriculture, and discusses what lessons can be learnt from this experience.