Problem Of Child Sexual Abuse Research Articles

“What to Do with the Dangerous Few?”: Abolition-Feminism, Monstrosity and the Reimagination of Sexual Harm in Miguel Piñero’s “Short Eyes”

The problem of child sexual abuse (CSA) is a crucial point of entry into abolition-feminist conversations about justice and punishment, healing and repair. The popular belief that the “child sex offender” is uniquely irredeemable, eternally depraved and dangerous can trouble abolition-feminist efforts to address the devastating harm of CSA without reproducing the violence of prison and punishment. It also forces us to return to the question of “what to do with the dangerous few?” A familiar “tough on crime” refrain, this question mystifies the social, economic, and political conditions that nurture interpersonal violence. It also illustrates how centering our attention on “the monster in our midst” feeds an attachment to the mistaken belief that sexual harm is locatable in individual, bad people; that it is fixable by criminal law, and, in short, that justice and repair can be measured by the number of years one is sentenced to live behind bars. Miguel Piñero’s 1972 play “Short Eyes” exposes the failure of our attempts to incarcerate our way out of child sexual abuse and opens a literary-artistic space in which to explore the roots of violence and the abuse of power. The play dramatizes the particular ways in which the incarceration of those deemed the worst of the worst does not alleviate suffering or promote safety; rather, it prevents us from getting to the root of even the most horrific forms of abuse and from fully engaging, confronting and, finally, interrupting the daily, quotidian acts of sexual violence that are hiding in plain sight.

A Cross-Sectional Study onPublic Awareness About Child Sexual Abuse in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Child sexual abuse is a very serious and dangerous problem. It has long-term consequences and may impact children and follow them into adulthood. Without exception, regardless of their cultures and religious beliefs, all communities are vulnerable to child sexual abuse (CSA). Our aim in this study is to assess the level of public (caregivers) awareness of CSA in Makkah and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makkah and Jeddah. The target populations were Saudi parents, caregivers, and teachers who are in daily contact with children. The participants were selected randomly (n=417), and were requested to complete a questionnaire that was later analyzed using the IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. 369 from 417 responders were females (88.5%), while 48 were males (11.5%). About 90.2% of the responders acknowledged the existence of the child sexual abuse problem. About 95.7% of the caregivers were aware of physical, social, and psychological consequences of child sexual abuse. In contrast, only 33.8% of the responders were aware of existence of social agencies and organizations that provide supportive services to the victims of child sexual abuse. In conclusion, the study found a high rate of awareness in the caregivers who recognize the problem of child sexual abuse (CSA) and are aware of its magnitude and impact on children's well-being. However, these results demonstrate the need for more education of the public about the mandatory laws regarding child sexual abuse.

Cultural Factors Influencing Child Sexual Abuse in the Society: A Case of Arusha City

To combat child sexual abuse, the Tanzanian government has implemented systems, regulations, and guidelines to eradicate the problem. Nonetheless, despite the government of Tanzania's extensive protocols, regulations, and standards, the problem of child sexual abuse persists. This therefore prompted the researcher to cultural factors influencing child sexual abuse in the society using Arusha city as case study. This study will be based on a case study design. This study targeted citizens of Arusha city. This study used non-probability specifically convenience sampling technique to select respondents. This research used of both primary and secondary data. In-depth personal interviews and questionnaire were used to obtain primary data. Secondary data were obtained through documentary review. Data from interviews was analysed using thematic analysis. The questionnaire data was statistically analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. given by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Findings showed that, majority of the respondents to the large extent agreed that the myths and beliefs as well as tendency of silence and nondisclosure influence the child sexual abuse in the society. Findings unveiled stated that the rituals beliefs influence the child sexual abuse in the society. Also, findings designated that cultural perception and mentality influence the child sexual abuse in the society. The researcher recommends that further studies can conducted in other regions, cities and towns in Tanzania using the same sample or could include a large population, in order to explore critical factors influencing child sexual abuse in the society and to allow generalization of the findings to a wider population.

How to Study Child Sexual Abuse Within the Institutional Framework? The Experience of the Catholic Church in Poland

Sexual abuse as a manifestation of personality disorders and a crime is shaped and committed in a specific social environment. The Institute for Catholic Church Statistics was the first in Poland to undertake systematic research on the problem of child sexual abuse. The scope of this research concerns the acts committed within Catholic organizations by priests and religious. In this chapter, we present Polish research on abuse and characterize the organizational framework of the Catholic Church in Poland. We highlight the public importance of research on child sexual abuse by priests. The focus of the chapter, however, is devoted to the methodological issues of quantitative sociological research on the sexual abuse of minors within Catholic organizations. We discuss the basic assumptions, methods and scope of collected data that concerns Poland. In an accessible and understandable way for a reader who has no knowledge of social sciences, we ­explain how the facts of child abuse by priests and religious are studied in Poland.

Between Sanctity and Real Life: Child Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church in Spain.

This research assessed clergymen perceptions of child sexual abuse in Catalonia (Spain) and identified elements pointing toward anomie and a discourse linked to the neutralization of the perpetrators' criminal responsibility. The study included 20 interviews from diocesan priests and members of religious congregations, who highlighted the impact of sexual abuse on clergy, the plurality of sensitivities, the existence of discourses tending to idealization, the presence of neutralization techniques and the existence of an institutionalized and persistent anomie within the Catholic Church. This research concluded that the problem of child sexual abuse is related to both individual (such as loneliness, among others) and institutional aspects (for example, selection and training of future clergymen, among others). To reduce the tension existing between cultural goals and institutional means, institutional reforms are necessary in terms of reviewing and de-consecrating cultural goals and improving adaptation of institutional means, while also focusing on supporting clerics and reducing loneliness. A debate needs to be normalized inside the Church, related to moralism, clerical power, and celibacy, among others.

마요르가의 『하멜린』에 나타난 서사극 기법 연구

Hamelin is a small city in Germany which is known for the background of ‘the Pied Piper of Hamelin.’ In the story, a piper comes to town, playing his pipe and driving out the troublesome rats in return for payment. However, after successfully clearing out the rats, the townfolk broke their promise to pay him. As a result, he lured entire city’s children away by playing his pipe again. The story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin became a widely loved fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm and Robert Browning as they re-wrote it in 1812 and 1842 respectively. Juan Mayorga, one of the representative Spanish modern playwrights, was also interested in this story and wrote his play, Hamelin (2005). Through this tragic story, Mayorga highlights greed and the irresponsible attitude of the adults who broke their promises. In addition, he called attention to the problem of child sexual abuse in our society by using his theatrical imagination. In order to lead the audience’s focus to the story’s topic, the writer used Brecht’s epic theatrical technique, giving the audience distance from the story. While examining diversity in contents and types in modern Spanish plays, this study aims to expand the research territory of it.

Problem of Child Sexual Abuse and the Response of Judiciary: an Analytical Study

Child sexual abuse is a tragic reality of every society which has always been tried to hide. However, Child Sexual abuse is a social constriction and its definition and conceptualization are also socially constructed phenomena. Children are the most sensitive and delicate part of every family, society and Nation, hence the risk of their vulnerability are also very high. In such a situation, the increasing incident of sexual abuse against children is extremely frightening. The NCRB data released every year is also telling a similar horrifying picture. Whereas many cases occurring in homes remain unreported and unfortunately many children are forced to bear all pain of sexual abuse silently. Child sexual abuse is a very serious issue and should therefore be taken with utmost seriousness and sensitivity. considering the severity of problem in 2012, the POCSO Act was passed by parliament with the main objective of protection of children from various kind of sexual abuses and offence .In 2018 after a horrifying incident of khatua, in Jammu and Kashmir, some amendments were made in POCSO Act and IPC under which in some aggravated forms of sexual crime against children it has been added stringent provisions ranging from life imprisonment to death sentence. But all these legal remedies will prove to be completely useless. If our judicial system adopts the same criteria on such crimes as it does in others cases of sexual offences as seen in many judicial decisions. Majour Singh case, Mathura Rape case and Rahim Beg case are the few great example of injustice precedent. Keywords: child sexual abuse, sexual violence, molestation, criminal justice system, judiciary, protection of children, POCSO Act and IPC.

Stewards of Children: A Qualitative Study of Organization and Community Impact

ABSTRACT Child sexual abuse is a persistent public health, human rights, and social justice issue that continues at unacceptable levels. This qualitative study investigated organizational and community impact of Stewards of Children (SOC) in the context of a statewide initiative to prevent child sexual abuse. Participants, representing 11 sites, were SOC trainers or in administrative and leadership roles with their organizations. The study focused on four research questions: 1) How has your organization been impacted (by SOC), if at all? 2) How have your relationships with other organizations and groups changed, if at all? 3) How has the perception of your organization changed in the community, if at all? and 4) Have you noticed changes in your community as a result of Stewards of Children trainings? The findings include three themes and seven subthemes. Participants uniformly agreed that SOC had an impact on their organization, their relationship with partner and new-partner organizations, and that it contributed to increased awareness about a) the problem of child sexual abuse overall, b) their organization among multiple groups and partners, and c) the full array of services and expertise provided by SOC organizations.

Using a Multisectoral Approach in Tackling Child Sexual Abuse: Lessons from a Zimbabwean Case Study

Child sexual abuse is one of the prevalent social ills that affect children in Zimbabwe. In response to the problem of child sexual abuse and the need to mitigate its adverse effects, Zimbabwe established the Victim Friendly System. The Victim Friendly System is a multisectoral forum made up of social workers, medical doctors, nurses, the police force and role players within the justice system such as magistrates, prosecutors, counsellors, educationists and psychologists. These professionals offer distinctive but complementary interventions to child survivors of child sexual abuse. This paper discusses the merits and lessons gleaned from using the Victim Friendly System as a multisectoral forum to tackle child sexual abuse. In researching this phenomenon, the study adopted a qualitative approach and data were collected from 38 participants and 4 key informants selected using theoretical and purposive sampling respectively. A total of 300 court files of child sexual abuse cases were also reviewed. The findings that emerged from the study show that a multisectoral approach to dealing with child sexual abuse provides the benefit of integrated service delivery. Improved outcomes for victims of sexual abuse as well as streamlined, effective and efficient operations for organisations that form part of the Victim Friendly System were also evident. This notwithstanding, the paper also discusses some areas of concern that could potentially affect how the Victim Friendly System multisectoral arrangement works. The lessons that emerged from the study provide some insights that are useful in informing guidelines for multisectoral arrangements.

Future directions in child sexual abuse prevention: An Australian perspective

BackgroundChild sexual abuse is a problem of significant proportion in Australia and globally. Prevention efforts have tended to occur on an ad hoc basis and to be poorly evaluated. A measured, evidence-based public health approach to preventing child sexual abuse is necessary to enhance the prevention agenda. ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to engage with the work of Letourneau and colleagues about a public health approach to child sexual abuse prevention from an Australian perspective. MethodsIn this commentary paper, following on from Letourneau and colleagues, policy resistance to addressing the problem of child sexual abuse and its prevention in the Australian context is explored. Promising pockets of research, policy and practice are described that indicate greater readiness and a lessening policy resistance to address child sexual abuse through a comprehensive public health approach. Finally, ideas for enhancing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies in Australia are highlighted. ConclusionsThe Australian child sexual abuse prevention agenda would benefit from adopting a measured public health approach involving the design, implementation, and evaluation of primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions. Early intervention strategies are particularly underdeveloped in an Australian context.

Child Sexual Abuse Dialogue: The Place of Religious Sermon Discourses

This article investigates the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe (AFM) church’s responses to the problem of child sexual abuse, through a discourse analysis of its sermons. Studies on this topic are scarce, and this study makes a modest contribution to this seemingly understudied area. AFM church was chosen as it is the oldest and fastest growing Pentecostal church in Zimbabwe. The study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as both a framework for conceptualising the sermon discourses and a methodological thrust. In the CDA scheme, discourse is perceived to be in a dialectical relationship with social reality. A total of thirty sermons collected using the Library Research technique, and purposively sampled, were analysed using Fairclough’s five-step model of data analysis. This involved identifying trends in discourse, interpreting the discourse patterns, evaluating the interpretations, drawing generalisations and lastly suggesting recommendations. It is indicated that, although religious sermons are organs of moral, social and political education, those delivered in the AFM church fail to address the horror of child sexual abuse, owing to various socio-cultural factors such as ideologies, taboos, gender inequalities and patriarchal attitudes. Recommended is the need for preachers to address this dilemma, given their power of influence in the society. Keywords : Child Sexual Abuse; Sermon Discourse; AFM Church; Critical Discourse Analysis. DOI : 10.7176/JPCR/46-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

PENDIDIKAN SEKS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DITINJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

Introducing sex education in early childhood in the modern era is not such a taboo instead of being forbidden from discussion. Given the widespread sexual abuse and child abuse, this phenomenon should be a concern for all circles. Not only do families and educators participate in addressing the issue but also the wider community has to provide supervision and take account of it. Introducing or giving early childhood understanding about sex that refers to Islamic religious education which is widely discussed by Muslim intellectuals based on such religious sources as theQur'an,Hadith, Ijma and so fourth are part of dealing with the problem of child sexual abuse. On this stand, Sex education is not but such an information about the importance of knowing the name and function of body parts, the understanding of sex differences, the understanding of intimacy or sexual relationship as well as the understanding of the existing values and norms in society related to gender identity and inculcating religious cometment will greatly help children pass through the next stage of age

Child Sexual Abuse in Organizational Settings: A Research Framework to Advance Policy and Practice

Recent decades have produced growing public attention to the problem of child sexual abuse (CSA) occurring within civic institutions, school settings, youth sports, religious institutions, and other youth-serving organizations. Often amid considerable media and public scrutiny, such institutions have been called upon to improve their responses to sexual abuse incidents, address underlying organizational conditions that may foster such incidents, and develop viable systems of early intervention and prevention. These system challenges, in turn, have produced growing demand for high-quality research that can refine our understanding of the correlates and dynamics of sexual abuse within institutional settings and can help identify the parameters of effective strategies and responses. This article introduces a special issue of Sexual Abuse featuring emerging scholarship focused on CSA within organizational settings and sets forth a framework for further advancing the base of knowledge in this vital area of policy and practice.

“Problems with records and recordkeeping practices are not confined to the past”: a challenge from the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

This paper describes and analyses the campaign by the Care Leaver community and other stakeholders to bring about a royal commission into child abuse in Australia. Care Leavers did not get the royal commission they wanted and expected—other more powerful forces were at play—but the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (Royal Commission) was highly effective in exposing the complex nature and extent of the problem of child sexual abuse, “the core transgression of childhood innocence”. This paper aims to show that, although the Royal Commission disappointed many Care Leavers with its narrow focus on sexual abuse, when it eventually reported on records and recordkeeping, the Commission surprised many by moving beyond its narrow remit. Issues relating to records and recordkeeping were not originally a prominent part of the Commission’s mandate, but they emerged as one of the crucial issues that influence the quality of the out-of-home Care experience and child protection. This finding has created a fresh context in which Care Leaver advocates, academics and other professionals can work together to further a new agenda for recordkeeping in out-of-home Care.

Granica ingerencji w sferę intymną osób poniżej 15. roku życia. Zgoda nieletniego poniżej 15. roku życia na obcowanie płciowe a sankcja z art. 200 § 1 Kodeksu karnego

Opracowanie dotyczy przedmiotu ochrony z art. 200 § 1 kodeksu karnego, jakim jest wolność seksualna osób poniżej 15. roku życia. Podstawowym jego celem jest udzielenie względnie jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w sytuacji, kiedy sprawca jest zaledwie kilka lat starszy od pokrzywdzonego oraz w momencie, gdy ofiara sama inicjuje czynności seksualne dorosły młodociany powinien być karany zgodnie z sankcją z ww. przepisu. Mając na uwadze stale obniżający się wiek inicjacji seksualnej młodzieży, gdy osoba, która nie ukończyła 15. roku życia, dobrowolnie poddała się czynności seksualnej z osobą nieznacznie starszą (powyżej 17. roku życia, ponieważ taką granicę wieku wprowadza kodeks karny, by móc sprawcy przypisać popełnienie czynu zabronionego), powstaje dysonans prawny, moralny i obyczajowy. Z jednej bowiem strony są przepisy penalizujące takie zachowanie, z drugiej to nieletni sam przekroczył granicę ingerencji w swoją sferę intymną. W sytuacji, gdy ofiara zgadza się na kontakty seksualne albo sama zachęca czy inicjuje obcowanie płciowe lub inną czynność seksualną, neguje to cel, który przyświecał ustawodawcy kryminalizującemu takie zachowania. Tym niemniej przepisy obowiązują, w związku z czym warto przybliżyć tę tematykę w odniesieniu nie tylko do zachowania nagannego w kontekście prawnym, ale także z punktu widzenia socjologii czy obyczajności.

Living in the Era of Digital Exhibitionism

Digitally mediated communication technologies have fundamentally changed the problem of child sexual abuse. Sexually explicit images of young people that can be found online range from those documenting offline abuse including adult-to-child and peer-on-peer violence, to self-generated images including those taken within the context of a coercive relationship or those that are shared online beyond the taker's control. Online availability of these images can have serious effects on victims. It is vital to identify what victims need, how youngsters are at risk online, how self-generated images may be shared online beyond the taker's control, and how children who have been traumatized by experiences of sexual abuse (offline as well as online) can be taught to stay safe online. This article summarizes the results of four different studies exploring these issues.

Child sexual abuse: Issues of admissibility

Child Sexual Abuse is prevalent in India as in many other countries and there is a growing concern to understand its dimensions and complexities. There is a large child population (19% of the total population) in India and a large percentage of this population is vulnerable to all forms of abuse, exploitation and neglect. It was felt that India needs strong interventions to deal with the increasing incidence of child sexual abuse through legislation as it was felt that the problem of child sexual abuse was bigger than what was previously acknowledged.

No Place is Safe: Sexual Abuse of Children in Rural Bangladesh

During July 2007 to June 2010, BRAC, a nongovernment organization in Bangladesh, reported 713 incidents of rape and attempted rape of children (< 18 years) in rural Bangladesh. This study explores these 713 incidents to identify possible patterns related to the victims, perpetrators, and different dynamics of the incidents. Rape and attempted rape, particularly of young girls, constituted 64% of all reported incidents of violence against children. Children were found to be abused by men from all walks of life, mainly by non-family-members (83%). Similar diversity was seen in the location, time, and context of the incidents. The present study attempts to put forward an overall picture of the depth of the problem of child sexual abuse in rural Bangladesh, linking the incidents with the socially constructed gender relations of power and how it perpetuates sexual abuse of children, especially girls.

Listening to victims: Use of a Critical Incident Reporting System to enable adult victims of childhood sexual abuse to participate in a political reappraisal process in Germany

Recent revelations about the scope and severity of past child sexual abuse in German institutions set off a broad public debate on this issue, and led to the establishment of a politically appointed Round Table committee and an Independent Commissioner whose mandates were to reappraise the issue and develop recommendations for future policies. A media campaign was launched to publicize the establishment of a Critical Incident Reporting System (CIRS) whereby now-adult victims of past abuse could anonymously provide testimonials and let policy makers know what issues were important to them. Respondents could either call a hotline number or communicate by mail or email. The information collected was documented and analyzed by a research team, and the results of interim reports were included in the recommendations of the Independent Commissioner and the Round Table committee. Most of the respondents described severe and repeated occurrences of childhood sexual abuse. For many, priorities were improvements in therapy and counseling services, the abolishment of the statute of limitations on prosecuting offenders, and financial compensation. Based on the recommendations of the Round Table and the Independent Commissioner, two new laws were adopted as well as an action plan and some guidelines. In addition to rules for recompensation of victims in an institutional context a fund for victims of sexual abuse in intrafamilial context was established by the Federal Government. Another effect of this process was raising societal sensitivity to the problem of child sexual abuse. The use of a CIRS enabled those directly affected by childhood sexual abuse to have some input into a political process designed to address this issue. Such an approach could have applicability in other countries or in other domains of public health and other forms of societal conflict as well.

Suffer the Teenage Children: Child Sexual Abuse in Church Communities

In recent years, an increasing amount of attention has been given to the problem of child sexual abuse in church communities. While all churches, and indeed all communities which care for children, have had experience of this problem, most attention has been paid to the problem of child sexual abuse in the Catholic Church. This paper, given at Emory University’s Center for the Study of Law and Religion in January 2013, examines the issue of child sexual abuse in church communities, drawing particularly on Australian data. Most victims of child sexual abuse both in the Catholic and Anglican churches in Australia, are adolescent boys. This points to the importance of opportunity for abuse to occur, since priests and other ministers are more likely to have opportunities to be alone with teenage boys than with girls. While there are some similar patterns in terms of victims’ age and gender, the incidence of abuse by Catholic clergy and religious appears to be many times that of ministers and pastoral staff in other Christian churches, and it may well be significantly higher than in the general population. The paper explores the reasons why this may be so. It also examines how churches in Australia have responded to the problem of child sexual abuse. Concerns about systemic failures in the response of the Catholic Church in particular have led to the establishment of a Royal Commission in 2013 which will examine child abuse in institutional settings across the country.