Problems In Toddlers Research Articles

Pemberian Cookies Tepung Ikan Lele dan Tepung Mocaf terhadap Perubahan Berat Badan Balita Gizi Kurang

Background: Malnutrition is a state of health problems that occurs when the body lacks of nutrients needed for development, thinking, and other life activities. The growth process that inhibits the lack of energy that causes the body to become weak and the immune system weakens, which will facilitate the spread of disease, as well as decreased mental development resulting in weak thinking skills and permanent disruption of brain function are the result of nutritional problems in toddlers. 
 Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving catfish flour cookies and mocaf flour to changes in the body weight of nourished children under five. 
 Methods: The type of this research is a true experiment (pure experiment) with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. 
 Results: The results of the independent t-statistical test the difference in the average weight difference of children under five in the treatment group increased by 337.50 g and in the control group increased by 187.50 grams with p-value = 0.000. 
 Conclusion: Cookies of catfish flour and mocaf flour affect changes in the body weight of undernourished toddlers and can be used as alternative food additives.

EMPOWERING TEENAGERS AWARE OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT STUNTING

Indonesia is a developing country that has quite high nutritional problems. Efforts to improve nutritional status must begin as early as possible, precisely starting from the fetal life period. This period is the early period of life when you are still in the womb until the first 2 years of life. The focus of handling nutritional problems is to prevent malnutrition which is a major health problem in toddlers because it can hinder the growth and development process during the First 1000 Days of Life. There is a need for knowledge regarding stunting in teenagers because teenage girls will face the pregnancy period which is important in preventing stunting. This counseling was carried out in Srigonco Village, Malang Regency. The target of this community service is all junior high school students from grade 7 to grade 9. Prior to carrying out extension activities, there is a process of preparing activities for approximately four weeks prior to implementation activities, starting from determining the type of extension to applying for permits to related parties. As a form of evaluation, the activity was attended by 35 students from grade 7 to grade 9, the participants took part in the activity with very enthusiasm, and the counseling activities ran smoothly.

KUALITAS ES KRIM VITA TRADISIONAL

Handling nutritional problems in toddlers is one of them by providing additional food, such as snacks, biscuits and ice cream. Ice cream as a processed food product can add energy and there is more value because it has functional properties with the substitution of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in vita ice cream. The purpose of the study was to determine the acceptability, protein content, fat, and physical properties of vita ice cream. The research design was one shot study case with 4 formulas namely F0 (standard formula), F1, F2 and F3. The results showed that the most favourable vita ice cream was F2 vita ice cream. The cowpea substitution in vita ice cream does not affect the overrun of ice cream and the higher the cowpea substitution, the longer the melting time of vita ice cream. The higher the cowpea substitution, the higher the protein content in vita ice cream with an average value of 4.38 g (F3). Conversely, the higher the cowpea substitution, the lower the fat content of vita ice cream, which is in the range with an average value of 11.57 g (F0) to 9.22 g (F3). The conclusion of this study is that vita ice cream F2 is acceptable from the aspects of colour, aroma, texture and taste with protein content of 3.81 g/100g and fat content of 9.55 g/100g of vita ice cream.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Ibu Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Keragaman Makanan Balita Melalui Edukasi

The problem of nutrition in toddlers is still a global challenge and is the goal of SDG's. Masangan Kulon Village, Sidoarjo Regency is one of the villages with a high wasting problem in toddlers. Education for toddler mothers is one of the activities that can provide benefits to increase knowledge so that it can change behavior and is expected to reduce nutritional problems in toddlers. Community service activities aim to increase the knowledge of mothers of toddlers about healthy, nutritious, balanced and dietary diversity for toddlers through education. The results of community service activities have increased knowledge before and after education. Increasing knowledge of toddler mothers is expected to be able to change behavior in feeding, especially in terms of dietary diversity.

Edukasi Orang Tua Terkait Tumbuh Kembang Balita Fisioterapi Komunitas Di Posyandu Menur IX Makamhaji

Children are the hope of the next generation for parents, so children need to be raised and cared for properly and also pay attention to their growth and development, good growth and development and according to their age will show optimal results. Growth and development problems in toddlers are caused by reduced stimulation given to toddlers. This can be caused by the lack of knowledge of parents of toddlers about adequate stimulation according to the stage of toddler growth and development. Therefore, this study aims to provide education to parents regarding the importance of knowledge on growth and development in toddlers. The evaluation is carried out with pretest and postest filled by parents of toddlers.

Environmental Factors Associated with Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers: Literature Review

Stunting is a public health problem that receives special attention because it is related to human resources in the future. Many studies state that stunting is related to nutritional problems in toddlers, only a few studies show that environmental factors are an indirect cause of stunting in toddlers. The purpose of this systematic study was to describe the relationship between environmental factors and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. This literature study used a scoping review method by searching through several search engines such as Scopus and nature and science direct databases supported by Diponegoro University. The articles selected for review are articles that contain the results of observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort and case control) that analyze environmental factors with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. From 7 articles, only 1 study stated that environmental factors did not affect the incidence of stunting, 6 other articles stated that environmental factors were an indirect cause of stunting in toddlers. Environmental factors related to stunting are the source of drinking water, the practice of haphazard defecation, the presence of animal waste in the living environment, environmental enteric dysfunction, the availability of proper toilet, the practice of washing hands with soap when feeding children, exposure to cigarette smoke, exposure to PM 2.5, household waste and clean and healthy living behavior.

The Influence Of Children's Mother Class With Improving Mother's Knowledge About Balanced Nutrition In Toddlers At Posyandu Mawar X Kelurahan Adiarsa Barat Working Area Puskesmas Nagasari District Karawang

Background : Toddlers are one of the groups that are prone to health problems, problems with malnutrition or malnutrition. During the toddler period this will occur a phase of growth and development which is very rapid. As for malnutrition in toddlers it doesn't happen suddenly, but begins with an increase in toddlers' body weight which is not enough. One of the government's programs to I deal with nutritional problems in toddlers that have been going on until now, namely by breastfeeding mothers of toddlers. Research Objectives : To find out the effect of breastfeeding on toddler mothers by increasing mothers' knowledge about balanced nutrition for toddlers at Posyandu Mawar X Kelurahan Adiarsa Barat Work Area at Nagasari Community Health Center, Karawang Regency. Research Methods : The type of research used in this study. quasi-experimental quasi-experimental with the design used was the pre and posttest approach twoi groupi design. The population in this study was 68 mothers of toddlers. Bivariate analysis using dependent t tests. Research results : Knowledge of mothers about balanced nutrition in toddlers before classiation mothers of toddlers in mothers in the intervention group mostly reduced by reducing by 11 people (73.3%) with an average score of 10.60, knowledge of mothers about balanced nutrition in toddlers before classiating mothers under five in the control group was mostly reduced by reducing by 8 people (53.3%) with an average score of 11.33. Mothers' knowledge of balanced nutrition in toddlers after classiation of mothers of toddlers in mothers in the intervention group mostly improved by 9 people (60.0%) with an average average score of 15.60, knowledge of mothers about balanced nutrition in toddlers after classiation mothers of toddlers in control groups mostly adequate by 8 people (53.3%) with a mean score of 13.53. Conclusion : It can be concluded that there is an influence on mother's toddlers by increasing mother's knowledge about balanced nutrition for toddlers in Posyandu Mawar X Kelurahan Adiarsa Barat Work Area at Nagasari Community Health Center, Karawang Regency.

Differences in Behavior of Nutrition Fulfillment In Mothers of Toddlers Aged 24-47 Months

Nutritional problems in toddlers usually occur because toddlers experience appetite disorders, disorders of the digestive organs, and inadequate nutritional intake in quantity and quality. The most influential factor comes from the mother, namely behavior in fulfilling nutrition, which includes knowledge, actions, and attitudes in choosing nutritional intake so that it can affect the nutritional condition of toddlers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the behavior between mothers with malnourished toddlers and mothers with well-nourished toddlers in fulfilling nutrition for toddlers aged 24-47 months. This study used analytical observational design with cross sectional approach. The number of respondents is 33 mothers with malnourished toddlers and 33 mothers with well- nourished toddlers. The results of the Mann Withney U test showed that p-value was less than α in knowledge (P- value = 0.000), attitudes (P-value = 0.004), actions (P-value = 0.000), and behavior (P-value = 0.000). Based on these results, it can be concluded that there are differences in behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and actions) between mothers with malnourished toddlers and mothers with well-nourished toddlers in fulfilling nutrition for toddlers aged 24-47 months.

Edukasi Pentingnya 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan dalam Manejemen Peningkatan Status Gizi Anak melalui Pendekatan Terapi Komplementer

The 1000 HPK period is the early period of life while still in the womb for the first 2 years of life. 1000 HPK is very important because it greatly affects the condition of growth and development of children. The focus of handling nutrition in the 1000 HPK is to prevent malnutrition which is a major health problem in toddlers because it can hinder the process of growth and development and contribute to child morbidity and mortality. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem due to inadequate nutritional intake within the 1000 HPK period resulting in impaired growth in children. service activities carried out through the collaboration of health education institutions and health institutions, one of which aims to increase mother's knowledge about 1000 HPK, fulfill the nutritional needs of mothers and toddlers, and balanced nutrition and change in good nutritional behavior. In addition, education for cadres must also be carried out so that cadres can provide ongoing education to mothers who have toddlers.

Gravity of bach flower in toddlers

ADHD is usual problem in toddlers & diagnosed at early age and may ceaseless into full blooms. Subject with ADHD may experience depression, control negative behavior (perhaps without considering the consequences), or become aggressive.Inattention: Easily distracted, poor concentration and organization.Impulsivity: Impressing others, eating dangerouslyHyperactivity: Never looking slow, talking and fidgety, difficult to work.

An urgent appeal to paediatric primary caregivers to help prevent severe iron deficiency anemia in toddlers.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common problem in toddlers. The cause of IDA is multifactorial but is often from excessive consumption of cow's milk. The prevalence and at times devastating consequences of IDA are under recognized. There are increasing numbers of toddlers presenting with severe IDA. We urge all paediatric primary care givers to help prevent severe IDA through adherence to the 2019 CPS Guidelines on iron requirements, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment.

INCREASING KADER KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FEEDING PRODUCTS BASED ON HIGH PROTEIN MULTIPURPOSE FLOUR PRODUCTS TO PREVENT TODDLER WASTING IN BULAK DISTRICT, SURABAYA CITY

Wasting is a nutritional problem that is still the focus of attention in the management of health problems in infants and toddlers. The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has hampered Posyandu service activities for toddlers, so that control over toddler waste has decreased. The role of cadres as the leading pillar in community service, especially with toddlers, is the main focus that needs to be put forward. Increasing the knowledge and skills of cadres is important to improving the quality of service to the community, especially toddlers. This community service aims to increase the role of posyandu cadres in an effort to reduce waste problems through increasing knowledge and developing MP-ASI innovations from high-protein multipurpose flour products. This activity consisted of two methods, namely, TOT (training of trainers) for cadres and mentoring toddler waste by posyandu cadres. Training activities for cadres consist of materials on wasting and prevention efforts as well as training on making MP-ASI based on high-protein multipurpose flour. This community service activity is carried out in the working area of ​​Bulak District with a focus on selected Posyandu with the target of wasting toddlers. The results of this community service activity can be seen in the increase in the knowledge of posyandu cadres in the Bulak District by 16.5% about the problem of toddler wasting. The improvement in the skills of cadres and mothers of toddlers in processing various kinds of toddler food menus based on high-protein multipurpose flour also looks quite good, as evidenced by the success in creating various types of food menus that are directly applied to toddlers. The conclusion in this community service activity is that counseling, training, and assistance provided can increase the knowledge and creativity of posyandu cadres and mothers of toddlers in creating MP-ASI based on high-protein multipurpose flour as an effort to combat wasting.

Edukasi Kesehatan Remaja Tentang Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Tibubeneng Kabupaten Badung Propinsi Bali

The locus of stunting in 2020 in Bali has increased to five regions, namely Denpasar and Badung districts. One of the stunting loci in Badung district, namely in the Kuta Health Center area, North Kuta sub-district in Tibubeneng Village (BKKBN prop Bali, 2020), obtained data on 342 toddlers, found 32 children with very short status toddlers and 16 children with a total of 48 toddlers (14.04%). From the results of Kurniasih's research (2020), it was found that short mothers (TB <150 cm) are a risk factor for stunting. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers which is characterized by shorter height compared to children of their age. Children who suffer from stunting will be more susceptible to disease and as adults are at risk of contracting degenerative diseases and affecting children’s intelligence level. So this community service activity targets young women as prospective mothers, so they don't give birth to short toddlers (stunting). The activity is carried out by providing education in the form of online counseling activities about health for adolescents. From the results of counseling activities, it was found that the knowledge of adolescents in the Good category increased from 71% to 86%, sufficient knowledge from 24% decreased to 14% and knowledge of less than 5% became 0%

PENGARUH KERAGAMAN MAKANAN TERHADAP STUNTING PADA BALITA YANG BERADA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KALUMPANG, KOTA TERNATE

Globally malnutrition is still a major problem in toddlers. Malnutrition from the fetus to a two-year-old child will affect cognitive development and also affect physical development, as well as intelligence and mental agility, which also affects work productivity. The nutritional problem that has not been resolved and is still a major problem today is the problem of stunting toddlers in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of diet on stunting in toddlers. This research is an analytical survey research with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted from September to November two thousand and twenty-two at the Kalumpang Ternate Public Health Center. The population in this study were toddlers who were stunted in the working area of ​​the Kalumpang Health Center. Sampling in this study is the total technique or census sampling. As many as thirty respondents for the sample size in this study. Data were analyzed using a computer program and presented in tabular and narrative form. Data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate methods. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the correlation between the dependent variable and the independent variable. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis was used to determine the O.R (Odd Ratio) value. The multivariate analysis used is logistic regression. The results obtained are the more diverse types of food consumed by toddlers, the less likely children are to experience stunting. Food diversity influences the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of ​​the Kalumpang Health Center, Ternate City.

Gambaran Sanitasi Lingkungan Pada Balita Stunting Usia 24-59 Bulan di Kelurahan Kopo UPT Puskesmas Citarip Wilayah Bojongloa Kaler Tahun 2021

Sanitation The environment affects health, including the ownership of healthy latrines and the provision of clean water and waste management. Poor environmental sanitation practices can increase the risk of infectious diseases that can affect nutritional problems in toddlers. In 2020 the number of stunting events in Kopo Village is still high. This study was to find out how the description of environmental sanitation in stunting toddlers aged 24 - 59 months in Kopo Village UPT Citarip Health Center. This research uses descriptive quantitative research by collecting data through the distribution of questionnaires given online. The population in this study were parents who had stunting toddlers totaling 167 people. The samples taken in this study were 70 people using stratified random sampling technique. The results of the study on the description of environmental sanitation in stunting toddlers aged 24-59 months in Kopo village with clean and healthy categories as many as 69 people (98.4%) and unsanitary and unhealthy categories as many as 1 person (1.4%). Based on the results of the study, most of the respondents already had good environmental sanitation but their toddlers were stunted, this was because environmental sanitation factors were an indirect cause of stunting and the direct factors that became the risk of stunting were lack of nutritional intake and infectious diseases.

Literature Review : Feeding Comfort With Stunting Problems in Toddlers

The poor practice of complementary feeding (MPASI) is one of the most common problems in developing countries. This can lead to poor absorption of nutrients, especially protein, which is associated with problems related to physical growth disorders such as stunting in children under the age of 5 years. This study used a cross-sectional design intending to clarify the relationship between complementary feeding practices and the risk of stunting in children aged 6 to 12 months from Central Lombok. It was an analytical observational study. A total of 206 children with an average age of 9.3 months were selected as the subjects of this study using cluster sampling. Most of them are women. This study analyzed four parameters of the practice of giving complementary foods, namely the age of the first time complementary foods, types of complementary foods, the frequency of complementary foods, and the frequency of complementary foods. This study found a significant relationship between the frequency of complementary feeding (p=0.047, 95%CI) and the number of complementary foods given (p = 0.020, 95% CI) with the risk of developmental disorders in children. On the other hand, other parameters such as age at initiation of complementary foods and solid food texture were not significantly associated with the risk of growth retardation. One of the factors that directly affect stunting in children under the age of 2 years is intake factors such as breast milk (ASI) and breast milk supplements (MPASI).

HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH IBU DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI DESA TEGALJADI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MARGA II TABANAN TAHUN 2022

Background : Nutritional problems in toddlers are diseorders of the health and welfare of toddlers, due to imbalance between intake and the body’s need for food and the efect of interaction of infectious diseases. Based on a preliminary study at Puskesmas Marga II, the total population of toddlers in Tegaljadi Village are 151 people and base on interviews with 10 respondents, 5 of them have toddlers with malnutrition status.
 Objective : To determine the relationship of mother parenting patterns with toddler’s nutritional status.
 Method : This study using descriptive correlation design and cross sectional approach. The sampling technique using purposive sampling with a total sample of 110 people. Data collection are done by giving questonnaires to respondents and measuring the weight of toddlers. The data was analyzed using the Spearman Rank test to see the significance of statistical calculations using a significant limit if p< 0,05.
 Result : The results of this study of respondents who have a good parenting patterns of 78.2% and 21.8% of adequate parenting patterns, while 1.8% of respondents with malnutrition status, 20.9% of adequate nutrition, 75.5% well-nourished, over nutrition as much as 1.8%.
 Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between mother parenting patterns and toddler’s nutritional status.
 Keywords : Toddlers, parenting pattern, nutritional status.

The effect of environmental health on stunting in the coastal area of Gorontalo City

Stunting is one of the nutritional status problems in toddlers which is described as a form of growth failure due to poor nutrition and health during the prenatal and postnatal periods. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence of environmental health on stunting in the coastal area of Gorontalo City. The research method carried out is the ethnographic method. The data collection method is carried out by interview and in-depth interview. The data analysis method is carried out by descriptive analysis. The results of the research obtained that environmental health that can be very important and be the cause of stunting in children, namely; low environmental sanitation facilities, unhealthy water sources, unhealthy hand washing habits or behaviors, and stunting family residences that are less or not even habitable.

Maternal Prenatal Distress, Maternal Pre- and Postnatal Bonding and Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Toddlers. A Secondary Analysis of the IRIS Study

Maternal prenatal distress (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) increases the risk for childhood behavioral and emotional problems. So far, the potential role of maternal bonding in this association still needs further study. Maternal prenatal distress can affect the development of maternal bonding from pregnancy onwards. Maternal prenatal and postnatal bonding in turn have been shown to predict child behavioral functioning. We aimed to investigate whether maternal prenatal and postnatal bonding mediate the association between maternal prenatal distress and toddlers’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Data from a Dutch prospective longitudinal sample (N = 666) were used to conduct single and multiple mediation models. Mothers reported prenatal anxiety (State Anxiety Inventory) and prenatal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at 24 weeks’ gestation and maternal prenatal bonding (Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale) at 32 weeks’ gestation. At 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum mothers completed questionnaires to assess maternal postnatal bonding (Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale). Mothers reported child internalizing and externalizing problems (Child Behavior Checklist) at 28 months postpartum. Maternal prenatal and postnatal bonding mediated the link between maternal prenatal anxiety and child externalizing problems but not internalizing problems. Only maternal bonding 6 months postpartum mediated the link between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and child internalizing problems but not externalizing problems. Our study showed that maternal postnatal bonding more consistently mediated links between measures of maternal prenatal distress and child behavioral and emotional problems than maternal prenatal bonding. Interventions reducing maternal prenatal distress and promoting maternal bonding should be developed.

Relationship of Giving Complete Basic Immunization to the Nutritional Status of Toddlers at Integrated Healthcare Centre (Posyandu) of Unra Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency

The toddler period is a very important period in the process of growth and development which is the basis for determining the quality of the nation's next generation. In addition, during infancy is also the most vulnerable to health problems. This is caused by several factors, one of which is immunization. Immunization is an effort to actively cause/increase a person's immunity against a disease, so that if one day they get the disease they will not get sick or only experience a mild illness. Nutrition is the process of using food normally consumed by an organism through the process of digestion, absorption, transportation, storage, metabolism and release of substances not used to sustain life. Nutritional problems in toddlers are very vulnerable to the incidence of infection, so that infection in toddlers often occurs in children who are not immunized, this is due to immunization as a preventive measure made to induce or actively increase a person's immunity against a particular disease and can prevent death every year in all age groups due to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, and malnutrition. This research was conducted at Unra Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency, on June 2022. This research used a cross-sectional approach with a sample size of 135 people. Determination of the sample using the different proportion hypothesis test formula. Data analysis techniques include univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the chi square test. The results of the analysis revealed that from 138 respondents, 29.8% were stunted. Keywords: [Immunization, Toddlers, Nutritional Status]