Spherical Problem Research Articles

Stress level estimates in coated or uncoated silicon nanoparticles during lithiation

This work is devoted to the modeling of the mechanical behavior of coated or uncoated silicon nanoparticles, which constitute the anode active material in some lithium ion batteries, during their first lithiation at room temperature. The lithiation process induces a large volume expansion of the particles and a high level of stresses, which can lead to the fragmentation of the particles. Several approaches are proposed in order to estimate the volume expansion and the stress levels experienced by the particles. An original semi-analytical small strain model is first presented, which adapts the solution proposed by Seck et al. (2018) of the elastic-viscoplastic composite sphere problem subjected to radial loading, to the lithiated particle problem, in particular by considering the variation of phases properties during lithiation. The lithium concentration in the silicon particle is given by a sigmoid function (called logistic function) in order to mimic the reaction front between the phases. The implementation of the approach using the Hencky strain tensor Miehe et al. (2002) is proposed to take into account the large strains experienced by the particles. A complete description of the formulation is provided and the advantages are discussed. The importance of the large strains model is established by comparing it with the small strain one concerning the predictions of the pushing-out effect and the size effect of particles on their internal stresses during lithiation. Comparisons between our simulations and experimental data from Tardif et al. (2017) measuring the operando strain experienced by the pristine silicon gives the yield stress of the lithiated silicon. In addition, carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles are finally studied. We develop original closed-form expressions to predict the maximal stresses experienced by the coating at the end of the lithiation. Those expressions are used to re-estimate the fracture stress of pyrolitic carbon, considering a critical review of both pyrolitic carbon and lithiated silicon elastic properties. Finally, the mechanical effect of the coating on silicon during lithiation is studied.

Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Kesehatan Jasmani Pasien Gangguan Jiwa Berat di Indonesia

Often with the development of national development which is in line with the 1945 Constitution, the health sector is one part of the national development that the government is trying to achieve the degree of health. Which as high as possible. To guarantee the right to health for every Indonesian citizen, the arrangement is legal protection that is certain for the people in seeking justice. In this regard, the legal issues that occur in Indonesia concern the right to health for people with severe mental disorders who are often underestimated in society and receive a negative stigma that hinders the fulfillment of their right to health. In this case, patients with psychiatric disorders do not only have problems in the psychological sphere but can also have problems in the physical (physical) sphere. This study aims to analyze legal protection for fulfilling the physical health rights of patients with severe mental disorders in Indonesia using normative research methods by collecting legal material sources through positive law legislation and other legal sources of literature to answer the problem solving of these legal issues as a whole. prescriptive. From a review of the regulations of Law no. 36 of 2009 concerning Health found that the right to health is an equal right for all Indonesian citizens, and the services provided are anti-discrimination. In accordance with Law no. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals, hospitals have an obligation to provide services and care for patients both medically and non-medically by implementing a referral system according to hospital classification.

Nursing and caring problems of a patient with gastric cancer - a case study

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from the cells of the inner layer of the organ. It is characterized by a long asymptomatic period. The incidence of gastric cancer increases after the age of 50, especially in the male population. The aim of the study was to analyze selected aspects of nursing care provided to a patient after total gastrectomy in the course of gastric cancer. Materials and methods. The study used the case study method and an individual case study of a patient diagnosed with gastric cancer. Results and conclusions. The patient has problems in the biopsychosocial sphere. The role of a nurse in caring for a sick person is comprehensive care, education and preparation for self-care, and above all mental support. Constant monitoring of the patient's health greatly helps to prevent possible complications.

Lattice Points Close to the Heisenberg Spheres

We study a lattice point-counting problem for spheres arising from the Heisenberg groups. In particular, we prove an upper bound on the number of points on and near large dilates of the unit spheres generated by the anisotropic norms $$\Vert (z,t)\Vert _\alpha = ( \left| z\right| ^\alpha + \left| t\right| ^{\alpha /2})^{1/\alpha }$$ for $$\alpha \ge 2$$ . As a first step, we reduce our counting problem to one of bounding an energy integral. The primary new challenges that arise are the presence of vanishing curvature and nonisotropic dilations. In the process, we establish bounds on the Fourier transform of the surface measures arising from these norms. Further, we utilize the techniques developed here to estimate the number of lattice points in the intersection of two such surfaces.

Коммуникативное измерение государственной миграционной политики

The complication of the migration situation in the world, observed in the 21st century, necessitates the search for optimal mechanisms for regulating population migration both at the global and national and regional levels. These mechanisms must, firstly, correspond to the current heterogeneous configuration of international migration flows, the continuous dynamics of the migration situation, secondly, take into account the network nature of the development of social relations, and, thirdly, comply with modern innovative management technologies. In this context, issues are significantly updated that are directly or indirectly related to the disclosure of the communicative aspect of migration policy, an aspect that allows in modern conditions to qualitatively assess the effectiveness of solving state problems in the migration sphere, identify problem areas in the process of regulating population migration, determine the most effective approaches and measures of state migration policy. The purpose of this article is to make a communicative dimension of the modern state migration policy and reveal its information and communicative infrastructure. The research methodology includes a structural and functional analysis and a modeling method. Migration policy is interpreted as a separate sphere of activity of a number of interrelated communicators to organize and control population migration in the interests of the state. The main attention is focused on the communicative space of the state migration policy, which is presented in the format of two models: “two-dimensional horizontal” and “three-dimensional vertical”. This made it possible to analyze the impact of communicative networks on the process of regulating migration of the population, to show the specifics of information interactions between state migration management bodies, migrants and their associations, and intermediary organizations. As a result of the study, the role of formal and informal communications in the process of state regulation of population migration was determined, and the determining factors of the communicative structure of the state migration policy were identified.

Lattice points problem, equidistribution and ergodic theorems for certain arithmetic spheres

We establish an asymptotic formula for the number of lattice points in the sets $$\begin{aligned} {\textbf{S}}_{h_1, h_2, h_3}(\lambda ): =\left\{ x\in {\mathbb {Z}}_+^3:\lfloor h_1(x_1)\rfloor +\lfloor h_2(x_2)\rfloor +\lfloor h_3(x_3)\rfloor =\lambda \right\} \quad \text {with}\quad \lambda \in {\mathbb {Z}}_+; \end{aligned}$$ where functions $$h_1, h_2, h_3$$ are constant multiples of regularly varying functions of the form $$h(x):=x^c\ell _h(x)$$ , where the exponent $$c>1$$ (but close to 1) and a function $$\ell _h(x)$$ is taken from a certain wide class of slowly varying functions. Taking $$h_1(x)=h_2(x)=h_3(x)=x^c$$ we will also derive an asymptotic formula for the number of lattice points in the sets $$\begin{aligned} {\textbf{S}}_{c}^3(\lambda ) := \{x \in {\mathbb {Z}}^3 : \lfloor |x_1|^c \rfloor + \lfloor |x_2|^c \rfloor + \lfloor |x_3|^c \rfloor = \lambda \} \quad \text {with}\quad \lambda \in {\mathbb {Z}}_+; \end{aligned}$$ which can be thought of as a perturbation of the classical Waring problem in three variables. We will use the latter asymptotic formula to study, the main results of this paper, norm and pointwise convergence of the ergodic averages $$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{\#{\textbf{S}}_{c}^3(\lambda )}\sum _{n\in {\textbf{S}}_{c}^3(\lambda )}f(T_1^{n_1}T_2^{n_2}T_3^{n_3}x) \quad \text {as}\quad \lambda \rightarrow \infty ; \end{aligned}$$ where $$T_1, T_2, T_3:X\rightarrow X$$ are commuting invertible and measure-preserving transformations of a $$\sigma $$ -finite measure space $$(X, \nu )$$ for any function $$f\in L^p(X)$$ with $$p>\frac{11-4c}{11-7c}$$ . Finally, we will study the equidistribution problem corresponding to the spheres $${\textbf{S}}_{c}^3(\lambda )$$ .

Ідентифікація ризиків процесів системи управління якістю калібрувальної лабораторії

The article is devoted to research on the introduction of a risk-oriented approach in the processes of the management system and the activities of calibration laboratories. The issues of definition, identification and processing of risks (opportunities) arising in the process of ensuring the functioning of calibration laboratories management system are considered. The article substantiates approaches to the identification of innovative risks of calibration laboratories in accordance with the requirements of international standards that regulate the requirements for the activity of testing and calibration laboratories. Risk management activities cover various aspects of working with risks, from the identification and analysis of risks and opportunities to their acceptability assessment, determination of potential opportunities for risk reduction through the selection, implementation and control of appropriate management actions. The issue of identifying metrological risks is particularly relevant, as the main risks that determine the degree of controllability of calibration processes, the level of control of the accuracy of the results of these processes, and, therefore, the costs of their provision. The main goal of identifying metrological risks is to systematize possible inconsistencies that may arise during measurements and create conditions for ranking the processes of metrological activity of testing and calibration laboratories according to the level of loss of service quality due to the uncertainty of measurements. The implementation of modern metrological risk management systems will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of measurement systems and reducing costs while ensuring the quality of metrological services. For the effective application of the metrological risk management system, it is necessary to create a list of indicators of metrological risks, as well as the appropriate regulatory support for their justified application in quality management systems. Actual problems in the metrological sphere of the enterprise operation are identification, analysis and reduction of risks for the processes of the quality management system in the calibration laboratory.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ НА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ УРОВНЕ

Sustainability and progressive development of the socio-economic system of the country and its constituent regions is impossible without an effective system of budgetary relations. The article deals with the issues of organization and implementation of the budgetary process in the Russian Federation, peculiarities of procedural actions at the regional level. The authors note that the specifics of the Russian model of budgetary relations is the strengthening of hierarchy and centralization of decision-making in the budgetary sphere, which creates certain risks of sustainability of regional budgetary systems. Based on the analysis of budget execution of RSO-A for 2020-2021, as well as the study of the structure and dynamics of public debt of the Russian regions at the current stage of development, significant disproportions and problems in the budget sphere were identified. The obtained information allowed us to formulate and summarize a set of measures to improve the budget process both at the level of regions and in the country as a whole.

The public interest perspective in the medical grounds

The goals include the obtained results from the advisable sources, specifically as a sense of the carried-out analysis. So it is a conceivable objective that the legal national interest perspective should be explicit pursuant to the doctrine. The patient has a number of rights not cataloged numerus clausus. However, how has legislation changed in the face of the pandemic and European Union budgetary law? Did it have an impact on strengthening the law and increasing the focus on the patient? In such difficult times of a pandemic, it was necessary, therefore, to adapt more to technological and legal developments. The restrictions that resulted from the pandemic, however, were intended not to infringe on patients' acquired and absolute human rights. It is an important dogmatic and historical method in the sense that this is a work with a historical dimension because it is describing the most important events in the history of the globe for human rights and medical law, which are trying to combine. In conclusion, it is important to share knowledge in the field of medical law that is popularized in the field of documents considered medical, which has been discussed more in the text. It aims to indicate where an individual would assert the rights if not through the proliferation of specialized human rights courts. What is more significant, the representation of states is related to their international competencies, which may, in the future, ensure membership of other international organizations, in order to focus the role of a global coordinator of similar problems in the European sphere. It is the choice of countries to belong to international specialized organizations that make it easier to shape mechanisms for the protection of medical rights.

Environmental and social responsibility management in international entrepreneurship in EU countries

The research developed a specific mechanism of analysis that connected the fundamental developments of the classics of economics with the real economic processes of today. This approach made it possible to create more flexible evaluation tools as well as to calculate the level of social security based on statistical data and, as a result, to understand and explain the main trends in social security. An analysis of the fundamental foundations of the functioning of the economic system was carried out, and the main factors in the formation of the country's economic income were indicated. It is explained how these factors operate in the modern global business environment and lead to an increase in problems in the social sphere. The necessary and permissible level of investment to maintain social balance in society was noted, with an indicator of 4% of GDP. It has been proven that Iceland has guaranteed social development at a level of 271%, which is the highest indicator among European countries. Statistical data for EU countries were analysed, and the calculation of indicators made it possible to assess the state of social assistance in geographical regions of Europe.

ECOWAS: Energy and Digital Infrastructure as a Factor of Regional Integration and Development

The article analyzes one of the most important objectives of ECOWAS development strategy “Vision 2050”, which provides for the intensification of energy and digital infrastructure creation, its operation efficiency growth and the quality of services improvement. The implementation of this aim will contribute to the transformation of the subregion into a fully integrated and interconnected economic zone over the next three decades. The authors consider the current problems of these economic spheres related to the need to expand their financing and coordinate management at the subregional level and to the construction of complex infrastructure facilities due to a significant increase in electricity consumption and the penetration of digitalization process into such sectors of the economy as finance, education, public administration. Important components of the strategy are the creation of a single energy market and participation in Pan-African Communication System Project. Cape Verde is seen as a digital platform, a regional technology hub bringing together the countries of the Community. It is planned to use a submarine fiber optic cable for connecting Cape Verde to Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and to the EllaLink cable system between Brazil and Portugal. The training system WebLab is deployed to support education for ICT development.

Psychosomatic infertility: causes, consequences, solutions

The complex interdisciplinary topic of psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine in matters of reproduction has attracted the attention of specialists many times. In recent decades, in connection with the growth of problems in the reproductive sphere of people throughout the world, the problem of preserving the reproductive health of the population has become very urgent, which requires the joint efforts of medicine and psychology. This article presents an overview of modern foreign and domestic scientific publications devoted to the study of psychological and psychosomatic characteristics of women with reproductive disorders, as well as psychological predictors and consequences of these problems. The most and least studied psychological aspects of reproductive health disorders are highlighted, research results are described, and the method of psychotherapeutic work with women is mentioned.Reproductive medicine has now achieved impressive success due to the revolutionary development of biotechnology. However, a significant number of women have to struggle unsuccessfully with infertility for many years, the social consequences of this are extremely significant for the family and society in general. Clinicians pay more attention to the mental sphere of patients, accounting for the relationship between the mental and somatic health of infertile women, providing forced childless couples with the necessary psychological help, which will reduce stress during infertility treatment and increase patient satisfaction.

Пенитенциарные учреждения Моршанска в конце XIX – начале XX века

Introduction. The relevance of this article is due to the study of the penitentiary system of Russia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries using the example of the county town of Morshansk, Tambov province. The chronological framework covers the period of Tsarist Russia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, as well as the period of the Civil War until its end. Based on the materials presented in the work, a comparative analysis is given, the result of the effectiveness of the state policy in the penitentiary sector using the example of a county town. By the end of the 19th century, imprisonment became the main type of punishment for criminals as a result of the modernization processes of the second half of the 19th century. The problems that persisted throughout the long period of formation of the prison system, namely the lack of funds for the improvement of prison institutions, constant overcrowding due to the increase in the number of crimes, were most clearly reflected in the district towns, therefore it would be fair to study the effectiveness of the policy of Tsarist Russia in this area using the example of district towns. After the revolutionary events of 1917, the penitentiary system experienced new changes in connection with the policies of the new government. The new places of detention that emerged on the ruins of old ones presented new problems in the penitentiary sphere during the Civil War. Specifying the Tambov province of this period, it is worth mentioning the peasant uprising of 1920-1921, during the suppression of which the concentration camp system was used. The new places of detention that have appeared in Morshansk are of substantive interest in the framework of the study of penitentiary policy in early Soviet Russia. Materials and methods. This study was based on archival documents of the State Archive of the Tambov Region, the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tambov Region, published documents on the Morshansky Zemstvo and materials reviews of the Tambov province. Thanks to the historical-systemic approach, the penitentiary systems of the ―two Russias‖ were analyzed. The statistical method showed the number of prisoners in Morshansk prisons for the specified period. Results. Based on the analysis of archival sources, a comparative analysis of the penitentiary models of Tsarist Russia and Russia of the period 1917-1922 was carried out using the example of the district town of Morshansk. The situation of the Morshansk prisons before 1917 confirmed the general conclusions about the penitentiary policy of Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries with the problems of financing, conditions of serving sentences, and labor organization. The established concentration camp system during the Civil War in the Tambov province acted as a punitive measure during the suppression of the Tambov uprising, rather than as an evolutionary stage in the establishment of the penitentiary system of early Soviet Russia. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the local history study of the penitentiary systems of the "two Russias" on the example of the county town of Morshansk with the aim of further compiling a generalized work on the penitentiary sphere of Russia.

INCLUSIVE CULTURE AS A FACTOR OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE

The article considers the need to study and develop new concepts of economic development of educational services from the standpoint of their inclusiveness. It has been proven that the solution to this problem lies in increasing the level of inclusive culture of all strata of the population. A model of inclusive development can become a concept that will meet the provision of an inclusive culture and open up new solutions to economic and social problems in the educational sphere. It was determined that one of the priority tasks in the implementation of an inclusive approach in the Ukrainian education system is the formation of an inclusive culture in all participants of the education process. inclusive culture is promoted as a level of social development that is expressed in a tolerant, humane, tolerant, safe attitude of people to each other, where ideas of cooperation are shared, the development of all participants in the educational process is stimulated, where the value of everyone is the basis of general achievements, and acceptable to all are formed inclusive values.

Уровень благосостояния населения в регионах Российской Федерации: институциональное и инфраструктурное обеспечение

The article examines the level of population well-being in the regions of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of their institutional and infrastructural support. It is a high-quality institutional environment and developed infrastructure that are the most important conditions for ensuring the population well-being in Russian regions. The authors note a significant differentiation in income levels and their polarization (by fund ratio, decile ratio), which is reflected in the poverty level of the population of the regions. The article presents the results of a study on two regions of the Russian Federation: one leading region and one outsider region, identified by the results of an earlier study conducted by the authors. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is represented as the leader in terms of well-being, while the Republic of Ingushetia is an outsider. The authors proved that the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, being in an unfavorable climatic zone, forms institutional and infrastructural conditions conducive to systematic work on social development and support of the population. At the same time, there is an increase in indicators of social inequality in the region, which may contribute to the development of social tension. Regarding the outsider, the Republic of Ingushetia, it was shown that, having conditions favorable for life and work, and forming an adequate institutional environment and social infrastructure, the region is characterized by an unfavorable social situation: low incomes of the population, high unemployment. The authors believe that it is possible to solve problems in the social sphere with the effective realization of the potential of the region and significant support from the federal center.

A Biblical Response to Jehovah Witness in Surabaya, Indonesia

Issues around Christology are never ending. Both from within and outside Christianity the existence of Jesus as God continues to be discussed. From within the ranks of Christians who systematically deny the Divinity of Jesus are Jehovah's Witnesses. Their spirit of visiting from house to house is commendable and it doesn't matter if Christians are visiting, but what makes noise is visiting non-Christian homes. This is a separate issue in a Muslim majority Indonesia as a Christianization project. On the other hand, visiting Christian households has also created problems in the ecclesiastical sphere. Many have left the church and became members of Jehovah's Witnesses. That is why it is necessary to investigate the cause of such a move. This study uses a qualitative method and a literature study related to Christology and field studies were conducted through interviews with three groups of informants. The result is that the understanding that Christians have, is only built from the belief that 'just believe that Jesus is God'. Even if there is an argument, it is also too weak to be accounted for logically and even easy to break, because the Jehovah's Witnesses even use the original language (Greek) approach, even though only for certain verses that are important to talk about or argue about. Mainstream Indonesian Christians met the group of Jehovah's Witnesses in diverse ways, namely: being randomly visited when they came from house to house, being introduced by friends to help answer important questions, being invited to attend an event held by Jehovah's Witnesses, then also through the printed media which had an interesting design and because of their own curiosity, and then they were ultimately bound.

On energy gap phenomena of the Whitney sphere and related problems

In this paper, we study Lagrangian submanifolds satisfying ${\rm \nabla^*} T=0$ introduced by Zhang \cite{Zh} in the complex space forms $N(4c)(c=0\ or \ 1)$, where $T ={\rm \nabla^*}\tilde{h}$ and $\tilde{h}$ is the Lagrangian trace-free second fundamental form. We obtain some Simons' type integral inequalities and rigidity theorems for such Lagrangian submanifolds. Moreover we study Lagrangian submanifolds in $\mathbb{C}^n$ satisfying $\nabla^*\nabla^*T=0$ and introduce a flow method related to them.

On the demand for professions in the regional labour market: the example of the Republic of Tyva

The presented article is based on the materials of sociological studies conducted in the Republic of Tyva in 2019 and 2021. The article analyses the situation in the professional segment of the labour market of the specified region of the Russian Federation, in particular, the problem of professional demand and lack of demand. The imbalance of demand and supply in the labour market is considered from the point of view of interaction between professional educational institutions and employers in the field of educational programmes. The author believes that the Russian system of vocational education as a whole is inert and clumsy, therefore it is easier to solve the problem of interaction between the education system and employers in a particular region. As an example, the joint work of the Ministries of Education and Labour of the Republic of Tyva is given. They joined forces with the objective to gradually change the system of training specialists of various levels and profiles, for which several projects had been launched. However, here, too, the inconsistency of the actions of the project developers doomed this useful and necessary undertaking to failure. It is the inconsistency of the actions of various departments, according to the author, that does not allow a timely response to economic changes, including the transformation of the professional segment of the labour market. The unresolved problem leads to inefficient and irrational use of accumulated human capital and to many problems in the socio-economic sphere, in particular, to a high level of unemployment and poverty of a significant proportion of the population. The author further examines the changes in professional demand in the region against the background of the difficult economic situation in the country.
 In the professional segment of the labour market in Russia, there is currently a huge demand for IT specialists. Experts believe that this is mainly due to the outflow of these professionals from the country. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that at present, in the professional segment of the labour market and employment in Tyva, there is a rather unfavourable situation for both workers and employers. The former cannot find a job in accordance with their specialty, the latter cannot fully satisfy their staffing needs.

Application of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Evaluation of Stiff Fractional Modeling of Polytropic Gas Spheres and Electric Circuits

Fractional polytropic gas sphere problems and electrical engineering models typically simulated with interconnected circuits have numerous applications in physical, astrophysical phenomena, and thermionic currents. Generally, most of these models are singular-nonlinear, symmetric, and include time delay, which has increased attention to them among researchers. In this work, we explored deep neural networks (DNNs) with an optimization algorithm to calculate the approximate solutions for nonlinear fractional differential equations (NFDEs). The target data-driven design of the DNN-LM algorithm was further implemented on the fractional models to study the rigorous impact and symmetry of different parameters on RL, RC circuits, and polytropic gas spheres. The targeted data generated from the analytical and numerical approaches in the literature for different cases were utilized by the deep neural networks to predict the numerical solutions by minimizing the differences in mean square error using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The numerical solutions obtained by the designed technique were contrasted with the multi-step reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (MS-RKM), Laplace transformation method (LTM), and Padé approximations. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the design technique as the DNN-LM algorithm overlaps with the actual results with minimum percentage absolute errors that lie between 10−8 and 10−12. The extensive graphical and statistical analysis of the designed technique showed that the DNN-LM algorithm is dependable and facilitates the examination of higher-order nonlinear complex problems due to the flexibility of the DNN architecture and the effectiveness of the optimization procedure.

Resiliensi Istri Korban KDRT: Faktor Mempertahankan Keutuhan Keluarga

This research begins with an incident related to the problem of domestic violence. The acts of violence that occur are dominated by wives as victims. Even though there is violence, the wife of the victim of domestic violence chooses to survive rather than divorce. The decision is because the wife has the ability to rise from adversity which is called resilience. The resilience that occurs in the wife is influenced by various internal and external factors. The purpose of this research is to describe the factors of surviving wives which can be explained thoroughly to help other women be able to and overcome problems in the family sphere. Using a qualitative approach with case study methods and data collection techniques used in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study stated that the wifes survival factor was caused by internal factors such as still having feelings, and spirituality and external factors such as children, negative community stigma, economy, children, and social support.