Sociological Problems Research Articles

Changes in the problem and subject field of labor sociology against the backdrop of the time challenges (Based on publications in the journal “Sociological Studies” over 50 years)

Trends in the problem and subject field of labor sociology were identified by referring to the Sociological Studies journal publications for 1974–2023. An array of 351 articles on labor sociology was selected for qualitative and quantitative content analysis. Eleven problematic subject areas of research were identified by the criterion of the leading target of the article’s text. Fourtime frames in Russian society and economic development over the past 50 years have been distinguished to identify the time challenges that vary in content. Each period was provided with a brief description of the content of the research problem and subject areas, as well as interpretations thereof with due consideration of the time challenges. Analysis of the publications permitted to reveal that by the criteria of how frequent and stable the sociologists’ referrals to the selected areas have been, the core, the margins, and the mobile realm may be identified in the Russian sociology of labor. The core is formed by the areas related to the studies of labor attitudes, labor incentives, labor values, employee behavior, and job satisfaction. The areas – whose principal object of study is labor itself, along with its role and significance in both the society and the employees’ values as well as social problems of work at the enterprise – are adjacent to the core. The margins are formed by rare areas of research such as the workers’ capacity to act, manifestations of independence and involvement in the organization’s affairs, problems of the socioeconomic standing of workers and degree of labor protection, labor culture, shortage and reproduction of workers. The mobile realm of labor sociology is composed by the areas treated generally depending on the context of time and the aggravation of particular problem situations (labor organization, labor relations, precarity of labor, etc). We observed adequate coverage of the critical time challenges in publications in all those time frames; however, that coverage was reactive and appeared to lack forward-looking ideas that are ahead of theory and practice.

The task of sociologists is to bring order into chaos (interview with RAS corresponding member M. F. Chernysh)

On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the journal Sociological Studies, we turned to Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Sociological Sciences Mikhail F. Chernysh – our long-time author and expert, member of the editorial board – with a request to answer our questions. I wanted to discuss not only the activities of our journal, but also the problems of sociology in general. In recent years, situation in sociology has been changing: alarming trends in sociological education in higher education are intensifying, decisions are being made to reduce the subject of social studies in school, the problem of reproduction of scientific personnel is becoming acute, and discussions about the subject of sociology are becoming more urgent. The interview raises such important issues as the essence of sociology as a science, provides an understanding of its functions and tasks, and outlines the structure and levels of sociological knowledge. Important elements of its existence and development are emphasized, in particular the impossibility of forming an exclusively “national” sociology. The development of sociological education in new conditions is discussed. The tasks of the functioning of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are outlined. Attention is focused on personnel problems in science and the perception of sociology by government institutions.

Inconsistency of Salafi’s Bid’ah Concept

For the past century, bid’ah (in English know as religious innovation) has been a fundamental sociological problem in modern Muslim life. Regarding this aspect, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Salafi group in Indonesia used a different method to evaluate bid’ah in the rules of Islamic practices. Therefore, this research aimed to illustrate the dynamics of Salafi understanding of bid’ah in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collected were acquired digitally from the YouTube platforms of the following Salafi figures Syafiq Riza Basalamah, and Firanda Andirja as well as written documents, uploaded websites, such as rumaysho.com by Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal, almanhaj.or.id by Yazid bin 'Abdul Qadir Jawas, and others. The result showed that Salafi provided new innovations in religious practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This showed the inconsistency associated with Salafi teachings in bid’ah because it shifted from the Qur’an and Hadith. The inconsistency was carried out by quoting the Qur’an and Hadith from the Ashalah (puritanism) and the maslahah (public interest). This was aimed at selecting legal propositions to the conditions of the thaun (plague). In conclusion, the inconsistency of Salafi by accepting bid’ah (new innovations) to gain Covid-19 survival is proof of the acceptability of Salafi fiqh to social change.

Research programs and the progress of theory in sociology: the post-positivist conception of J. Berger, M. Zelditch Jr. and D. Wagner

The article presents an explanation of the post-positivist conception of the progress of sociological theories in research programs, which was developed by J. Berger, M. Zelditch Jr. and D. Wagner. Their conception specified related types of theoretical structure and dynamics of research programs, as well as their functions in sociological theorizing. Structural and dynamic differences of research programs represent different types of conceptual connections between theories and their corresponding basic modes of theoretical growth. In particular, the elaboration of theories of certain explanatory domains by increasing their scope, rigor, precision, or empirical relevance is a mode of progress of linear programs. The proliferation of theories into new explanatory domains and the expansion of the subject range of their applicability is the mode of development of branching programs. The competition of theories in a certain explained domain for the best conceptual representation of its problems is a mode of progress of competing programs. Special types of conceptual connections and modes of theoretical progress may also emerge between theories in linear, branching, and competing research programs: variation of theories as a result of deepening them into their established subject domains due to increased conceptual insight, sophistication and detail; integration of theories. The theoretical development of research programs is provided by their functions, which are analogous to the functions of paradigms in mature sciences: determination of theoretical significance and doability of sociological problems; evaluation and cognitive-based selection of competing theoretical formulations of their solutions; ensuring synergy of the consequences of performing the above-mentioned functions.

Competence through authenticity – open data in education

The modern world is a very data-driven place, bristling with repositories of openly available information, yet these resources are seldom used in education below university levels. This may partially be due to lack of sufficient teacher training and ongoing support structures, but also due to lack of information on useful methods. We present the case for secondary school level use of open, authentic real world data and easily accessible programming as cross-disciplinary tools for advancing the students’ scientific literacy and broader subject knowledge. The use of computational essays and interactive programming exercises promotes modern ways of knowledge creation and allows the students to participate in doing science as practising scientists and industry workers would. Feedback from teacher trainings, student workshops and school courses between 2016-2022 indicates a very positive reception with topics ranging widely from analysis of particle physics data from the CMS experiment at CERN to climate questions or sociological problems.

Life style and problems of elderly people in Uzbekistan

The article deals with one of the main problems of gerontology and sociology. It is, in particular, about social activity of elderly people, motives and factors that induce them to social activity, as well as spheres in which their social activity is manifested. The statistical data of the Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the data obtained on the basis of sociological research conducted under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) Population Fund are analyzed. In addition, the author of the article reveals the nuances of the lifestyle of older people in Uzbekistan, shedding light on the unique challenges they face and the opportunities that lie ahead. As the demographic landscape around the world is undergoing significant changes, Uzbekistan is no exception, taking steps to combat the aging population. The study uses a multidimensional approach to comprehensively analyze the socioeconomic, health and cultural aspects that shape the lives of older people in this Central Asian country. Relying on a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the study reflects the multifaceted challenges faced by the older population. Economic constraints, access to health care and social isolation emerge as key themes with implications for their overall well-being. In addition, the article explores the cultural dynamics affecting the lifestyles of the elderly, traditional family structures, social relationships, and the process of how urbanization affects their daily lives. By bridging the gap between academic research and practical implications, the article contributes to a better understanding of the complex issues surrounding the livelihoods of the elderly population in Uzbekistan. The author offers insights that can help in policy implementation in close collaboration with the community.

BEGONALASHUV VA TANAZZUL SOTSIOLOGIK MUAMMO SIFATIDA

The article provides an overview of opinions on alienation and degradation. It talks about how important, relevant, and depending on what the role and significance of the subject in society is formed and visible. The views and opinions of sociologists are shown, during which an attempt is made to broadly shed light on how individuals in society get into this state and what its consequences lead to. The causes and factors of the alienation of groups and their members from their groups and communities living in modern society and entering into mutually diverse relationships were considered. In this article, the issue of alienation is considered and theoretically analyzed precisely as a sociological problem. The article shows the concepts of studying the problems of alienation developed by European scientists. The author cites the social views of such thinkers as Hegel, Marx, Habermas, Fromm on alienation and degradation.

On Doing Concept‐Driven Sociology

In this article, we elaborate on both bread‐and‐butter and epistemological features of concept‐driven sociology (CDS). First, we highlight the specific link between this framework and Zerubavel's approach by outlining how CDS is especially suited to deepen the understanding of unmarked dimensions and intersubjective phenomena, reflexively re‐employing the insights of cognitive sociology while crossing thematic (as well as disciplinary) boundaries. Then, we examine four theoretico‐methodological linchpins of CDS, with particular attention to their relationship with symbolic interactionism: the primacy of analytic novelty (and the tool‐like character of sensitizing concepts); the distinct modus operandi regarding the theory‐and‐research‐integration conundrum; the Simmelian legacy of prioritizing geometric and formal dimensions of social features; and the “etic” perspective in re‐constructing sociological problems. Thus, after discussing why CDS should not be judged as appealing only to qualitative scholars, we proceed to present the contributions to the special issue. We conclude this article by briefly stressing the open character of CDS—its essential call for new conceptually guided empirical research.

The Problematic of Incompatibility of Rice Land Protected by the Jember District Spatial Plan

The discrepancy in the Regional Spatial Plan of Jember Regency related to the regulation of spatial patterns and the direction of zoning regulations with the Presidential Regulation on the conversion of rice fields raises legal issues, namely the difficulty of the community to allocate limited space use for land, causing conflicts of interest, namely causing juridical problems that the government applies LSD regulations with reference to RTRW which is no longer in accordance with spatial use. The theoretical problem is that there is legal uncertainty in having the latest legal legality with existing conditions that have developed. Sociological problems have resulted in a vacuum in legal norms related to spatial pattern rules and zoning directions for the RTRW of Jember Regency in taking policies for issuing activity permits, obtaining Land Rights, and determining LSD to be hampered. The results of this research include 1) Causes of non-conformity of Protected Rice Fields with the Regional Spatial Plan of Jember Regency,.2) Future arrangements regarding the non-conformity of Protected Rice Fields with the Jember Regency Regional Spatial Planning Plan. These efforts require the establishment and implementation of regional regulations on spatial planning which are carried out with strategic agricultural studies in accordance with the mandate of the Spatial Planning Law, the Basic Agrarian Law, the LP2B Law, the Presidential Regulation on Land Use Transfer, and the Jember Regency RTRW.

A body is born: contemporary transformations in the knowledge produced between Sociology and Health

In what ways have the social phenomena understood as belonging to the sphere of "health" provoked Sociology in recent decades? This essay takes this question as a starting point for linking Sociology and Health, proposing a reflection on how knowledge can advance at the intersection between these two fields of knowledge. The article is structured in three sections: in the first, a brief reflection on the notion of "contemporary sociological problems" will be presented, indicating the questions of the Sociology of Health that can be taken as a vector for this inquiry; in the second, it examines some contributions of the Sociology of Health, especially from the late 20th century, indicating how this area has had to organize solutions and reconfigure sociological problems to deal with contemporary phenomena; and in the last section, it proposes new questions for thinking about health as a sociological problem in the contemporary political context.

Tourist mobility: sociological theory and implementation practices

The article analyzes the connection between the sociology of tourism and the general sociological theory of mobility, which leads to an understanding of modern tourist mobility not as a process of revealing the will of individuals to learn about different cultures, but as a system of social constructions that exist in the form of tourism practices and are focused on maximizing profits for global tour operators. The methodology. The method of the propositional analysis is aimed at identifying logically based semantic units with the aim of selecting and synthesizing reliable knowledge expressed in texts written on issues of sociology of tourism and the general sociological theory of mobility. Scientific novelty is in clarifying the concept of tourist mobility and tourist practices; in revealing that they are largely the result of commercially oriented social construction carried out in the interests of global tour operators; in demonstrating that commercial and non-commercial tourist mobility entail incompatible social consequences. Conclusions. The article is devoted to current problems of modern sociology of tourism in its connection with the general theory of mobility (one of the founders of which was the British sociologist John Urry) that complemented the “old” theory of social mobility by the doctrine of the movement of people, goods, capital, information, etc. in geographical space. Now society has come to be understood as a mobile structure consisting of many mobile practices (including tourism) that can be aimed at either developing essential strength of people or control over their consciousness and behavior.

Understanding the role of self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation in impulsive and compulsive buying

Impulsive and compulsive buying behaviors have been seen at different rates in different societies and can cause psychological, economic, and sociological problems both individually and socially in the short and long term. Mainly thanks to developing mobile technologies, the internet, and improved economic and financial conditions, consumers can purchase more easily than ever. In such an environment, examining impulsive and compulsive buying behaviors and increasing our knowledge about the factors underlying these behaviors is crucial. In this context, the present study explores the direct and indirect relationships between self-esteem (SE), fear of negative evaluation (FNE), impulsive buying tendency (IBT), and compulsive buying tendency (CBT). With this purpose, data were collected from 356 participants by online survey method with snowball sampling. The data were evaluated via structural equation modeling. Results have shown that consumers' SE decreases FNE and CBT, FNE increases IBT, IBT increases CBT, and SE reduces IBT through FNE.

The Representation of Rape in Kunle Afolayan’s October 1 and Moses Inwang’s Alter Ego

Rape is one of the serious crimes committed every day in Nigeria with many negative effects on victims, perpetrators, and society. However, the enormity of the crime is not fully represented in Nollywood films leading to subpar treatment of rape as a subject matter in most Nigerian films. Using a descriptive approach, the study examined the subject of rape in Kunle Afulanyo’s October 1 and Moses Inwang’s Alter Ego. These films were selected using a purposive sampling technique that enabled the researchers to select from several Nollywood films that dwell on the issue of sexual violence. The study adopted Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi’s Self Control Theory to interrogate the motivation, perception and attitude toward rape. The study revealed that rape is committed within the institutions that are responsible for the development and protection of young people, resulting in latent physical, psychological and sociological problems for the victims, perpetrators, and society. The study recommended that Nollywood film practitioners should use their works as weapons against all forms of sexual violence, and concluded that social and cultural institutions have a major role to play in the intervention and survival of victims of rape by intensifying awareness of the dangers of sexual violence in Nigeria.

External labor migration in modern Russia: socio-legal and criminological contexts

In modern Russia, criminological and sociological problems of external labor migration are relevant and topical, and primarily associated with large-scale uncontrolled and illegal migration, as well as with the ongoing criminalization of the sphere of migration relations. The problems accumulated in the migration area pose a significant threat to the national security of our country. The author has made an attempt to identify social hotbeds and determinants of the criminalization of migration processes and to formulate special measures and means aimed at decriminalizing the sphere of migration relations and reducing the level of illegal migration in Russia. The aim was to consider the current processes in the field of external labor migration in the Russian Federation and specific tasks to identify the main problems in this area in the socio-legal and criminological context and to propose effective ways to solve them, which are characterized by novelty and originality both in practical and theoretical terms. The research was carried out on the basis of empirical methods of cognition (conversations, in-depth interviews, sociological survey), as well as general scientific and interdisciplinary methods of cognition (comparative legal, formal legal and structural-functional). The key idea of this publication is that the scale and level of criminological and sociological problems in the field of external labor migration require development and adoption of a codified regulatory legal act — Migration Code of the Russian Federation, which would prescribe in detail and enshrine legal status, order of entry and stay, duties and rights of external migrants in Russia. Due to the special criminological and social significance of the processes of social adaptation, acculturation and integration of external labor migrants, the author of the publication proposes to develop and adopt a Federal Law «On social and cultural adaptation and integration of external labor migrants in the Russian Federation» with detailed regulation of appropriate measures, procedures and mechanisms.

Amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use and association with concurrent use of benzodiazepines, barbiturates and THC in the West Bank among male Palestinians: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionAmphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) are becoming a growing concern in the West Bank. Despite the focus on marijuana, statistics show that ATS seizures and clandestine laboratories indicate increased use of this...

Protection of Farmers Copyright Rights in A Cleaning Agreement By Regional Government

North Sulawesi Province has a strategic role in national development. As a region that has abundant natural resources, good utilization of regional potential is a prerequisite for accelerating development in the region both from an economic and other aspect. The aim of this research is to find out whether protecting the rights of clove farmers in clove cultivation agreements is very important, because there is inequality in making agreements, where farmers who need money are easily dictated to by buyers. This research uses normative juridical methods and surveys in several villages in North Sulawesi. The social theory used in this research is Behavioral Sociology, which is a science that seeks to apply the principles of behaviorism starting from psychological theory to sociological problems. The research results show that there is no maximum protection for the rights of the farming community, especially in bond agreements, there are no special regulations such as regional regulations that regulate and provide sanctions for buyers who harm farmers, where the practice is still based on agreements. There is an urgent need for oversight by local governments of bond practices and agreements, as well as firm action against purchasers. The conclusion of this research is that regional head regulations regarding clove fishing need to be immediately established so that regional governments have a legal basis for carrying out enforcement and supervision. The novelty of this research is the need to improve the supervision system for bonded laborers by village and district governments with the existence of a bonded labor recording system which is expected to provide legal certainty in engagement agreements. Supervision also includes taking action against parties who intentionally harm farmers in unilateral agreements that harm farmers.

Looking at human-centered artificial intelligence as a problem and prospect for sociology: An analytic review

Significant advances have been achieved within the past decade in the progress of theoretical and empirical studies of Artificial Intelligence. This article is an attempt, through a review of existing literature on Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, to raise new questions and provide additional scientific data that will stimulate the potential and foster the forces of sociology and Artificial Intelligence studies to draw closer together. The point of departure for the article is the appearance of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence in scholarly assembly. The authors then explore routines of the term Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence and the dilemmas of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. In what follows, they review how Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence appears in sociological and social sciences production. The authors turn to the closing remarks and finalize formulating three rules of what not to do when studying Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence from a sociological perspective.

The turnout of Russian voters in the elections in 1997-1998: (based on empirical research)

The article is devoted to one of the key problems of electoral sociology: the level and nature of voter participation in elections of various levels in Russia in 1997-1998. A large number of participants testifies to the involvement of citizens in the activities of the socio-political system, their belief in the possibility of influencing the voting results on real politics.The paper examines the results of sociological studies published in this period, which address the issues of voter turnout. Estimates of the level of citizens' participation in the electoral process, formulated by sociologists and specialists of related scientific disciplines, are also given.The article draws the following conclusions. Sociologists record the development ofatrendcharacteristicofthefirsthalfofthe 1990s.Voterturnoutfortheelections is constantly decreasing. This is most clearly manifested at the grassroots level (elections of heads of cities and municipal deputies), during local referendums. This forces legislators to abandon the "threshold", the elections were considered to have taken place with any number of citizens who showed up at the ballot boxes.On the other hand, there is a revival of electoral activity in some regions and cities, which affects the stabilization and even the growth of turnout. This phenomenon is assessed by sociologists as an increase in civic activity associated with the development of electoral culture, both political forces and ordinary citizens.

Parenting Education As A Vital Tool For Sustaining Green Skills Among Youths For Nation Building

This study examined the efficacy of parenting education in developing and sustaining green skills for youth to foster sustainable nation-building. Parenting education provides a platform that individual youth can use to acquire green skills with the right attitude, knowledge, and values necessary for workforce in a knowledge economy to build a sustainable nation in the contemporary time. In contemporary times, parental education inculcates diverse range of home training and skills development in the youth, enabling them to express self-capabilities to drive sustainability, innovation, and green growth for nation-building. This is possible because many youths spend most of their formative years within the family. Therefore, parenting education plays an important role in contributing to the development of green skills acquisition among youth and producing competent youth amid many ethical and sociological menace such as cultism, corruption, examination malpractices, sexual immorality, promiscuity, hooliganism, impersonation, financial fraud, money ritual, and a host of other ethical cum sociological problems that threaten nation-building in the contemporary time. It was discovered that. Parents need to set an excellent example for their youths so that they will be compelled to adopt green lifestyle changes. In reality, culture and mindset change will progress towards green technology and practice. Small changes we make today will have a significant impact in the future. Therefore, this paper examined the place of parenting education in youth acquisition of green skills toward sustainable nation-building. The study employed a descriptive method to harness the discourse. The study investigates practical ways parenting education can be utilized to develop green skills among youth.

BiblioGorizont – the digest by the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology: The first two years. The selected review of publications of 2021–2022

BiblioGorizont – the digest by the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology: The first two years. The selected review of publications of 2021–2022