This study studied the effects of children's creativity, cognitive ability, and self-esteem on children's problem behavior. The subjects of this study were 150 infants enrolled in kindergartens and daycare centers with an average age of 62.74 months. For data collection, 'Korean version of the child behavior checklist 1.5-5 (K-CBCL 1.5-5)', 'Korean version of the Kauffman Intelligence Test (K-ABC), 'Young children’s Self-esteem Scale', and 'Torrence Creativity Test' were used. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results of this study are as follows. First, there was a negative correlation between children's problem behavior (internalization, externalization) and cognitive ability. Second, there was a negative correlation between the fluency of internalization problematicity creativity. Third, there was a negative correlation between children's problem behavior (internalization, externalization) and self-esteem. Fourth, children's creativity and self-esteem predicted internalization problem behavior as negative, and self-esteem predicted externalization problem behavior as negative.