Probiotics In Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Articles

The Challenge of Applications of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Gastrointestinal disease is characterized by gastrointestinal dysfunction with dysbiosis of the microbiome. Probiotics may act as biological agents in treating gastrointestinal diseases through modifying gut microbiota. However, several challenges, including safety, stress resistance, postcolonization quantification, and evaluation models, may hinder the application of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases. This review introduces the emerging methods for delivering probiotics as well as available materials. Furthermore, we elucidated bacteriocins and their role in helping probiotics obtain a competitive advantage over other strains and challenges of large-scale application. Bacteriocins produced by probiotics also showed promising efficacy in gastrointestinal diseases including the capacity of immune stimulation, intestinal barrier protection, and cytotoxicity against intestinal tumorigenesis. For the quantification of probiotics in complex microbiomes and evaluation methods of probiotic encapsulated delivery systems, recent fluorescent labeling technology and various in vitro and in vivo models were also reviewed. Given the widespread use of probiotic agents in the microecological therapy of gastrointestinal diseases, further understanding of the multiple challenges of probiotic application and the updated methods to improve the colonization and evaluation system of probiotics is of great significance for probiotics as live biotherapeutics.

Review of the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases in adults

Abstract Background Probiotics may act as biological agents that modify the intestinal microbiota and certain cytokine profiles, which can lead to an improvement in certain gastrointestinal diseases. Objectives To conduct a review of the evidence of the role of probiotics in certain gastrointestinal diseases in adults. Search methods Review conducted using appropriate descriptors, filters and limits in the PubMed database (MEDLINE). Selection criteria The MeSH terms used were Probiotics [in the title] AND Gastrointestinal Diseases, with the following limits or filters: Types of study: Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analysis, Guideline, Practice Guideline, Consensus Development Conference (and Consensus Development Conference NIH), Randomised Controlled Trial, Controlled Clinical Trial and Clinical Trial; age: adults (19 or older); language: English and Spanish; in humans, and with at least one abstract. Data collection and analysis Full texts of all the Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses directly related to the review's objective were obtained, as well as the Randomised Controlled Trials of the studies that were considered relevant and of sufficient quality for this review. Main results Certain probiotics, different for each process, have proven to be effective and beneficial in cases of acute infectious diarrhoea, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, pouchitis and Helicobacter pylori infection eradication. Authors’ conclusions Although some probiotics have not demonstrated any benefit, there are certain gastrointestinal diseases in which the use of probiotics, true biological agents, can be recommended.

The Mexican consensus on probiotics in gastroenterology.

Probiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. Their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. However, the correct prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics that are currently available. To provide the clinician with a consensus review of probiotics and recommendations for their use in gastroenterology. Controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published up to 2015 were selected, using the MESH terms: probiotics, gastrointestinal diseases, humans, adults, AND children. The Delphi method was employed. Eighteen gastroenterologists treating adult patients and 14 pediatric gastroenterologists formulated statements that were voted on until agreement>70% was reached. The level of evidence based on the GRADE system was evaluated for each statement. Eleven statements on the general concepts of probiotics and 27 statements on the use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases in both adults and children were formulated. The consensus group recommends the use of probiotics under the following clinical conditions: the prevention of diarrhea associated with antibiotics, the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea, the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, the reduction of adverse events from Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, relief from irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, the treatment of functional constipation in the adult, and the induction and maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis and pouchitis, and the treatment of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy.

The Mexican consensus on probiotics in gastroenterology

IntroductionProbiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. Their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. However, the correct prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics that are currently available. AimTo provide the clinician with a consensus review of probiotics and recommendations for their use in gastroenterology. Materials and methodsControlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published up to 2015 were selected, using the MESH terms: probiotics, gastrointestinal diseases, humans, adults, AND children. The Delphi method was employed. Eighteen gastroenterologists treating adult patients and 14 pediatric gastroenterologists formulated statements that were voted on until agreement of >70% was reached. The level of evidence based on the GRADE system was evaluated for each statement. Results and conclusionsEleven statements on the general concepts of probiotics and 27 statements on the use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases in both adults and children were formulated. The consensus group recommends the use of probiotics under the following clinical conditions: the prevention of diarrhea associated with antibiotics, the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea, the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, the reduction of adverse events from Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, relief from irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, the treatment of functional constipation in the adult, and the induction and maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis, and the treatment of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy.

Probiotic-based strategies for therapeutic and prophylactic use against multiple gastrointestinal diseases.

Probiotic bacteria offer a number of potential health benefits when administered in sufficient amounts that in part include reducing the number of harmful organisms in the intestine, producing antimicrobial substances and stimulating the body’s immune response. However, precisely elucidating the probiotic effect of a specific bacterium has been challenging due to the complexity of the gut’s microbial ecosystem and a lack of definitive means for its characterization. This review provides an overview of widely used and recently described probiotics, their impact on the human’s gut microflora as a preventative treatment of disease, human/animal models being used to help show efficacy, and discusses the potential use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases associated with antibiotic administration.

Uses in gastroenterology

Nowadays, publications on probiotics have increased exponentially. However they usually are heterogeneous, use diverse strains and doses, and different outcomes, making it difficult to generalize their results. On the basis of the currently available literature, the use of probiotics is supported in the following diseases: acute diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis and inflammatory bowel disease (particularly pouchitis). This paper provides an update of the potential role of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases, in both pediatric and adult patients.

Saccharomyces boulardiiSpeeds Resolution of Rotavirus Diarrhea

Research Article| February 01 2012 Saccharomyces boulardii Speeds Resolution of Rotavirus Diarrhea AAP Grand Rounds (2012) 27 (2): 17. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.27-2-17 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Saccharomyces boulardii Speeds Resolution of Rotavirus Diarrhea. AAP Grand Rounds February 2012; 27 (2): 17. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.27-2-17 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All PublicationsAll JournalsAAP Grand RoundsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: diarrhea, diarrhea, acute, probiotics, rotavirus, saccharomyces boulardii Source: Correa NB, Penna FJ, Lima FM, et al. Treatment of acute diarrhea with Saccharomyces boulardii in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011; 53(5): 497– 501; doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31822b7ab0Google Scholar Researchers from Brazil conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of oral Saccharomyces boulardii in shortening diarrhea duration in infants. The researchers enrolled infants and toddlers aged 6 to 48 months admitted to two Brazilian hospitals with less than 72 hours of acute diarrhea. Patients were excluded for exclusive breastfeeding, antibiotics or diarrhea in the two weeks prior, hematochezia, severe malnutrition, inability to tolerate oral nutrition, and other underlying diseases. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a commercially available capsule containing 200 mg of S boulardii or a placebo capsule containing 200 mg of the inactive components of the probiotic; both patients and caregivers were blinded as to capsule contents. Patients and controls received one capsule by mouth twice per day for five days. The measured endpoint was either less than three stools per day or an improved stool consistency for at least 24 hours. The patients otherwise received only fluid and nutrition as therapy, and if there was no improvement within four days they were taken out of the study for further treatment. The authors also tested for rotavirus in a substantial number of patients and performed a subgroup analysis for the rotavirus-positive patients (rotavirus was detected in ~57% of patients). Researchers initially enrolled 186 children, of whom five withdrew and five were removed from the study due to need for antibiotics. Ninety probiotic patients and 86 controls completed the study period, and there were no adverse events requiring discontinuation in either group. There were no differences in age, sex, growth parameters, stool characteristics before enrollment, or frequency of rotavirus between groups. Among those whose treatment was initiated within 72 hours of onset, there was a statistically significant (P<.01) reduction in the percentage of patients persisting with diarrhea at three days in the probiotic group (32.2%) versus the placebo group (59.2%). In subgroup analysis, the protective effect reached statistical significance only in patients infected with rotavirus. The authors conclude that their data support the use of S boulardii as an adjunctive therapy in acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers. Drs Makkuda and LeLeiko have disclosed no financial relationship relevant to this commentary. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device. This study adds to a growing body of literature regarding the importance of the intestinal microbiota and the possible role of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease. Several prior studies looked at the use of probiotics in acute diarrhea, but differences in methodology and probiotics used have made the practical interpretation and application very difficult to discern.1,2 While the data presented here are interesting, there are several issues that make it hard to generalize and to apply these findings. The authors specifically chose... You do not currently have access to this content.

The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases

Probiotics represent a potential important therapy resource. Nevertheless, no clear-cut evidence about their use has yet been established. In fact, numerous studies exist on the application of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease but results are often controversial or produced from an inadequate study design. The aim of this review is to analyze the main experimental data regarding the use of probiotics. In particular, analyses have identified what probiotic strains could be used in acute diseases such as diarrhea and in chronic ones like inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, dysbiosis, Helicobacter pylori colonisation, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Finally, this review also provides an observation about the actual need of efficient research on the safety of products containing probiotics, verifying the effects of probiotic therapy at short, medium, and long term. This information is very important and could ensure a safer and more conscious use of such therapeutic agents.

The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases

The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases

Use of Probiotics in the Management of Chemotherapy‐Induced Diarrhea: A Case Study

Gastrointestinal disturbances (particularly diarrhea) are often induced in response to cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. Oral chemotherapeutic agents can induce diarrhea by damaging the intestinal lining. Two common oral drugs used in cancer treatment that are known to have gastrointestinal side effects are capecitabine and lapatinib. In this brief communication, the authors discuss a case study of a stage IV breast cancer patient whose chemotherapy-induced diarrhea was treated successfully with a multispecies combination of probiotics. This is a unique study in which grade 3 chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (characterized by 7-9 stools per day and associated with incontinence and abdominal cramping) was treated with only a multispecies combination of probiotics. Probiotics have been used to treat diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, and Crohn's disease. More recently, probiotics have been used to treat chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in colon cancer patients. This case study demonstrates that the probiotics can also be used to treat severe cases of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in breast cancer patients. The use of different probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases is an increasingly important area of study, and more research into this area is needed. This study demonstrates that probiotics should be considered for advanced breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced diarrhea.

The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease

The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease

Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children

The use of probiotics, once discussed primarily in the context of alternative medicine, is now entering mainstream medicine. However, only a few of the potential health benefits attributed to probiotics have been confirmed in well-designed, well-conducted, randomized, controlled trials. This is especially true in the pediatric population. We review here the available evidence on efficacy of probiotics in children in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Although we restrict our analysis to the pediatric age, whenever potentially relevant information is available only from adult studies, they are examined as well. Probiotics have been most extensively studied in the treatment of diarrheal diseases, where their efficacy can be considered well established. Studies documenting effects in other childhood gastrointestinal illnesses are few, although some preliminary results are promising. Furthermore, only a limited number of probiotic strains have been tested, and, as the effects of different probiotic microorganisms are not equivalent, results cannot be generalized. Thus, at present, we have some positive certainties, lots of exciting promises and many unanswered questions.

Probiotics for Children: Use in Diarrhea

The use of probiotics in diarrheal diseases of children is increasing. Probiotics, mostly lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, but also the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, have been tried in many double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled studies, and several well-conducted meta-analyses are now available. There is some evidence of efficacy in the prevention of community-acquired and nosocomial diarrhea. More solid evidence of efficacy is found in the treatment of sporadic, infectious diarrhea, where several probiotics, and especially Lactobacillus GG, have been found capable of reducing by approximately 1 day the duration of diarrhea, shorten the initial phase of watery stools, and reducing hospital stay in developed countries. The effect is best documented in viral diarrheas. Although there are valid conceptual premises for probiotics to be helpful in inflammatory bowel diseases, only 1 trial has been published in children, showing Lactobacillus GG not to be superior to placebo in maintaining remission of Crohn disease. All considered, more research is needed for a better understanding of the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases of children, addressing issues such as pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and role of specific probiotics, alone or in combination, in different disorders.

The Role of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Disease

Patients with intestinal failure often have diarrhea for a variety of reasons. Treatment of diarrhea has centered on the use of antidiarrheal medications and antibiotic therapy. Recently, there has been interest in the oral administration of probiotics for these patients with small bowel bacterial overgrowth, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation enteritis. This paper reviews the studies that have used probiotics to treat patients with short bowel syndrome and gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, some of the specific issues regarding probiotics are addressed.