Probiotic Supplementation Research Articles

Dental Caries: Unveiling the State-of-the-art Insights and Crafting Hypotheses for Oral Health.

The pathophysiological understanding of dental caries explains that the primary factor responsible is linked to an imbalance in microbial composition within the oral cavity, stemming from both artificial and natural sources. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the most accountable and prevalent pathogen for caries development among the diverse pool. S. mutans, an acidogenic bacterium, lowers oral pH through the metabolic conversion of dietary sugar into organic acids, leading to enamel demineralization and dental caries. Numerous antibacterial interventions have been employed in the past to address this issue. However, adopting such an approach poses the risk of exacerbating concerns related to Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and long-term oral cytotoxicity. In response to this, a sustainable strategy is suggested, involving the utilization of L-Arginine (L-Arg) as a probiotic nutrient supplement for non-pathogenic microbes. It will help in creating a natural competitive environment against the pathogenic microbes responsible for initiating dental caries. The hypothesis involves utilizing a combination of a nutrient supplement and the repurposed drug Piceatannol, specifically for its anti-biofilm properties. This combination synergistically improves the effectiveness of the therapy by converting the complex microbial biofilm into a planktonic state.

Effect of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and citric acid on performance, serum biochemistry, organ weight and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks

Abstract In this work, the effects of the addition of probiotics and citric acid to drinking water on performance, serum biochemistry, relative organ weight and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks were evaluated. Two hundred forty-one-day-old chicks (female Ross 308) were divided into 6 groups and submitted to 6 different treatments for 42 days, with 4 replicates in each treatment, with 10 birds in each. Drinking water was supplemented with a commercial probiotic mixture (Lactofeed®, Takgene Co, Iran) at 0 (control), 0.1 g/L (day 1 to 21) and 0.05 g/L (day 22 to 42), and citric acid at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.2 and 0.4% (day 1 to 42). Compared with controls, no significant changes (P>0.05) were found in the performance, serum biochemistry parameters and relative organ weights of broiler chicks receiving water supplemented with probiotics or citric acid after 42 days of experiment. However, a significant (P<0.05) interaction effect was observed between probiotic and citric acid supplementation on feed intake within the first 21 days. Moreover, chicks receiving water supplemented with probiotic and 0.2% of citric acid had highest (P<0.05) body weight at 42 days of age, as well total carcass weight. Results indicate that water supplementation with Lactofeed® and 0.2% of citric acid are promising strategies to enhance growth performance of broilers.

152 Overview of probiotic supplementation and opportunities to improve cow-calf production

152 Overview of probiotic supplementation and opportunities to improve cow-calf production

Metagenomic analysis of rats with diarrhea treated with mixed probiotics: response to consecutive and alternate-hour supplementation.

Diarrhea is the leading contributory factor of sickness and mortality among children under five and an economic burden for families. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixed probiotics supplementation at different times (consecutive and alternate-hour) on intestinal microecology in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with acute diarrhea. A total of 40 SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups, including the control group, model group, probiotic group A, and probiotic group B. An acute diarrhea model was induced by administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium. Rats in probiotic group A and probiotic group B were fed with Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis), and Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) for a total of 7 days. Probiotic group A was fed with all probiotics simultaneously. Probiotic group B was fed with C. butyricum and B. infantis simultaneously, and then after a 2-hour interval, with S. boulardii. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the fecal samples from every rat. The metagenomic sequencing used in this experiment was used to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the composition as well as function of the gut microbiota in order to gain a deeper comprehension of probiotic-host interactions on health and disease. The structure of the gut microbiota in probiotic group A showed significant changes. Compared to the model group, the abundance of some beneficial bacteria had increased, including Actinobacteria (P=0.048), Lactobacillus (P=0.050), and Lactobacillus johnsonii (P=0.042), and many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria has decreased, such as Ruminococcus (P=0.001). Compared to the control group, the abundance of some beneficial bacteria had increased, including Fusobacteria (P=0.02) and Phascolarium (P=0.002), and there was a reduction in the abundance of many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Roseburia (P=0.03), Lachnoclosterium (P=0.009), and Oscillibacter_sp_1-3 (P=0.002). In addition, metagenomic analysis showed that as well as an up-regulation of glycoside hydrolase expression, amino acid and inorganic ion transport, and metabolism-related pathways, there was a down-regulation of cell motility. Simultaneous administration of probiotics may have more positive implications in improving the gut microbiota of acute diarrhea rats.

Effect of probiotic administration in adult atopic dermatitis patients

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by abnormal skin barrier function and heightened immunologic sensitization. Its incidence has surged recently, with approximately 60% of cases diagnosed within the first year of life. AD can persist or recur, significantly deteriorating the quality of life due to persistent itching and sleep disturbances. Individuals with AD are at increased risk of developing other atopic disorders like asthma and allergic rhinitis. Various dietary approaches, including low carbohydrate, calorie, and fat diets, have been associated with enhanced quality of life by regulating immune responses. Probiotics have been used as adjuvant therapy in allergic conditions, though their effectiveness varies due to the complex nature of allergies. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. MeSH terms, advanced search strategies, and predefined eligibility criteria were employed to identify relevant studies. Duplicate studies were excluded, and critical assessment tools and levels of evidence were defined per Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine standards. Results: One systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the PICO and eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that probiotics significantly decreased AD severity in adults, enhancing their overall quality of life. Other meta-analyses and systematic reviews supported that probiotics reduce clinical severity and improve life quality in adult AD patients. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation is a viable option to improve the quality of life for adult AD patients, offering potential therapeutic benefits in managing this condition.

The effect of oral probiotics in the last trimester on the human milk and infant gut microbiotas at six months postpartum: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral probiotics on the human milk microbiota and determine whether that influenced infant microbiota development. MethodsA total of 27 pregnant women were recruited; 14 were assigned to the probiotic group, and the rest were assigned to the control group. Their infants were likewise assigned to the probiotic group or the control group. Pregnant women in the probiotic group received probiotic supplementation from 32 weeks of gestation until delivery. Human milk samples and infant fecal samples were collected at 6 months after delivery, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the composition of the human milk and infant gut microbiota (NCT06241222). ResultsIn the control group, bacterial microbiota were detected in 8 out of 13 milk samples, whereas in the probiotic group, only 6 out of 14 milk samples contained bacterial microbiota. We examined the composition of the human milk and infant gut microbiota in both the control and probiotic groups. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that various genera in human milk were correlated with the infant gut microbiota. The Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that 6 bacteria in the human milk microbiota in the control group were significantly more abundant than those in the probiotic group. Nine bacteria were significantly more abundant in the human milk microbiota in the probiotic group than the control group. According to the LEfSe results, 11 bacteria in the infant gut microbiota in the control group were significantly more abundant than those in the probiotic group. Fourteen bacteria were significantly more abundant in the infant gut microbiota in the probiotic group than in the control group. ConclusionThe infant gut microbiota at 6 months has a complicated relationship with the maternal human milk microbiota. Oral probiotic supplementation can change the composition of the human milk microbiota and the infant gut microbiota.

Effect of probiotic administration to breastfeeding mothers with very low birthweight neonates on some neonatal and maternal outcomes: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

IntroductionPremature birth and very low birth weight (VLBW) are leading causes of neonatal mortality. Almost all premature infants experience hyperbilirubinaemia. Administering probiotics to breastfeeding mothers may positively affect infant outcomes....

The Efficacy and Safety of Probiotic Combinations Lobun Forte® Versus Renadyl® in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comparative, Phase IV, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Parallel Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often leads to gut microbiota imbalance, accelerating disease progression and increasing uremic toxins and inflammation. We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing outcomes between two multi-strain probiotic supplements Lobun Forte® (Sanzyme P Ltd, Hyderabad, India) containing Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans and Renadyl® (Kibow Biotech, LLC., Pennsylvania, United States) containing S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus, and B. longum. Sixty patients with stage 3-4 CKD were randomized to receive either Lobun Forte (n=30) or Renadyl (n=30) for six months, with each supplement providing 45 billion CFU/capsule, twice daily. Primary outcomes included quality of life (QoL) (Short-Form 8 (SF-8) score), reductions in uremic toxins (p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), 3-indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and serum uric acid. Secondary outcomes assessed oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Both Lobun Forte and Renadyl groups showed significant improvements in QoL, with Lobun Forte achieving a 53.5% improvement (16.43 point increase) and Renadyl a 51.1% improvement (15.27 point increase) in SF-8 scores (p < 0.0001). Thelevels of IS decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.0001), with Lobun Forte reducing IS by 29.72% and Renadyl by 24.20%. In terms of other uremic toxins, Lobun Forte showed non-significant (p > 0.05) reductions in mean PCS (7.63%) and IAA (15.57%), whereas Renadyl demonstrated a significant (p = 0.0314) decrease in PCS (20.75%) and a non-significant (p > 0.05) reduction in IAA (12.35%). Both groups showed significant (p < 0.0001) reductions in BUN and serum creatinine levels. Serum uric acid levels showed a significant (p = 0.0448) reduction with Lobun Forte while Renadyl exhibited a non-significant reduction (p = 0.1034). Lobun Forte significantly (p = 0.0359) reduced mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, while Renadyl showed a non-significant reduction (p = 0.0876). Both groups had non-significant reductions in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (p > 0.05). Further, both groups experienced significant (p < 0.0001) increases in mean glutathione levels and nitric oxide levels. Additionally, Renadyl resulted in a significant reduction in mean malondialdehyde, whereas Lobun Forte showed a non-significant reduction. Both probiotics significantly (p < 0.0001) improved eGFR, with Lobun Forte increasing it by 40.4% and Renadyl by 36.9%. Both probiotics were well tolerated, with a favorable safety profile throughout the study. Conclusion: Both Lobun Forte and Renadyl effectively improve the quality of life in patients with stage 3-4 CKD by modulation of uremic toxins, renal parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative biomarkers, and eGFR. These findings suggest that both probiotics may help delay CKD progression by modulating the gut-kidney axis.

The Role and Mechanism of Probiotics Supplementation in Blood Glucose Regulation: A Review.

With economic growth and improved living standards, the incidence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus caused by over-nutrition has risen sharply worldwide. Elevated blood glucose and complications in patients seriously affect the quality of life and increase the economic burden. There are limitations and side effects of current hypoglycemic drugs, while probiotics, which are safe, economical, and effective, have good application prospects in disease prevention and remodeling of intestinal microecological health and are gradually becoming a research hotspot for diabetes prevention and treatment, capable of lowering blood glucose and alleviating complications, among other things. Probiotic supplementation is a microbiologically based approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can achieve anti-diabetic efficacy through the regulation of different tissues and metabolic pathways. In this study, we summarize recent findings that probiotic intake can achieve blood glucose regulation by modulating intestinal flora, decreasing chronic low-grade inflammation, modulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), decreasing oxidative stress, ameliorating insulin resistance, and increasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content. Moreover, the mechanism, application, development prospect, and challenges of probiotics regulating blood glucose were discussed to provide theoretical references and a guiding basis for the development of probiotic preparations and related functional foods regulating blood glucose.

Effect of yucca and probiotic supplements on ammonia levels in rabbit farms

Effect of yucca and probiotic supplements on ammonia levels in rabbit farms

Lactobacillus plantarum Ameliorates Colorectal Cancer by Ameliorating the Intestinal Barrier through the CLA-PPAR-γ Axis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-largest cancer worldwide. Lactobacillus can regulate the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms of Lactobacillus that alleviate CRC remained unknown. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on CRC and its potential mechanism. CCFM8661 treatment significantly ameliorated CRC compared with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) treatment in ApcMin/+ mice. In addition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was proved to be the key metabolite for CCFM8661 in ameliorating CRC by molecular biology techniques. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) was proved to be the key receptor in ameliorating CRC by inhibitor intervention experiments. Moreover, supplementation with CCFM8661 ameliorated CRC by producing CLA to inhibit NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulate ZO-1, Claudin-1, and MUC2, and promote tumor cell apoptosis in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. Metagenomic analysis showed that CCFM8661 treatment significantly increased Odoribacter splanchnicus, which could ameliorate CRC by repairing the intestinal barrier. Clinical results showed that intestinal CLA, butyric acid, PPAR-γ, and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased in CRC patients, and these indicators were significantly negatively correlated with CRC. CCFM8661 alleviated CRC by ameliorating the intestinal barrier through the CLA-PPAR-γ axis. These results will promote the development of dietary probiotic supplements for CRC.

Enhancing Juvenile Nile Tilapia Growth and Health through Prebiotic and Probiotic Supplementation: A Comprehensive Study

Enhancing Juvenile Nile Tilapia Growth and Health through Prebiotic and Probiotic Supplementation: A Comprehensive Study

COVID-19, Nutrients and Lifestyle Eating Behaviors: A Narrative Review.

COVID-19 infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), quickly emerged as the most significant event of the new millennium. A balanced diet seems to ensure the proper functioning of the immune system and plays a fundamental role in the prevention of viral disease, inflammation, or thrombosis. The principal aim of this secondary study was to investigate the relationship between nutrients, lifestyle eating behaviors, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. A narrative review was conducted in the PubMed-Medline database, analyzing primary studies. Our review identified 21 relevant studies: 13 focused on vitamins, 1 on omega-3 supplementation, 1 on probiotics, and 6 on lifestyle and dietary behaviors. Vitamin supplementation has shown promise in attenuating COVID-19 symptoms and reducing mortality risk. Specifically, vitamin D has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing immune responses among patients with the disease. While preliminary evidence suggests the potential benefits of omega-3 and probiotic supplementation in improving health outcomes for COVID-19 outpatients, further research is needed to solidify these findings. The lifestyle changes imposed by lockdown measures have adversely affected psychological well-being and exacerbated health issues associated with reduced physical activity and poor dietary habits.

Efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundThere is a contradiction in the use of microbiota-therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, to improve the condition of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of microbiota-therapy on liver injury, inflammation, and lipid levels in individuals with NAFLD.MethodsUsing Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles on the use of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic for the treatment of patients with NAFLD up to March 2024.ResultsThirty-four studies involving 12,682 individuals were included. Meta-analysis indicated that probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation significantly improved liver injury (hepatic fibrosis, SMD = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.09; aspartate aminotransferase, SMD = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.15; alanine aminotransferase, SMD = -0.48; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.25; alkaline phosphatase, SMD = -0.81; 95% CI: -1.55, -0.08), lipid profiles (triglycerides, SMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.02), and inflammatory factors (high-density lipoprotein, SMD = -0.47; 95% CI: -0.88, -0.06; tumour necrosis factor alpha, SMD = -0.86 95% CI: -1.56, -0.56).ConclusionOverall, supplementation with probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic had a positive effect on reducing liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and inflammatory cytokines in patients with NAFLD.

In ovo supplementation of probiotics leads to increased production of HDPs

In ovo supplementation of probiotics leads to increased production of HDPs

Effect of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy with Ritalin among ADHD children and adolescents: a triple-blind randomized controlled trial.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in children. Evidence regarding the impact of probiotics supplementation in ADHD children is limited and controversial. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy with Ritalin among ADHD children and adolescents. This study was a triple-blind, randomized controlled trial of 60 Iranian ADHD patients aged four to sixteen. The participants were randomly assigned to receive probiotics supplements containing both Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1896™ (A7) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis (BB-12®) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 8 weeks. ADHD symptoms were assessed using Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT) at baseline and during the study. This study showed a significant decrease in the CPRS total score after 4 weeks of intervention in the probiotic group (baseline: 43.96 ± 21.52; fourth week: 37.22 ± 23.01; p = 0.01). However, no significant finding was found for the total score of the CPRS after 8 weeks. Moreover, at the end of the study, a significant increase was observed in score of auditory response control in the probiotic versus the placebo group (probiotic: 91.55 ± 16.69; placebo: 80.55 ± 17.43; p = 0.02). Probiotics supplementation with Ritalin may have some beneficial effects among ADHD children and adolescents, such as improving auditory response control and total score of CPRS. However, further clinical trials are required to clarify the impact of probiotics on ADHD.

The Gut Microbiome in Early Childhood Obesity: Exploring the Role of Diet and Probiotics - An Observational Study in Palembang, Indonesia

Introduction: Early childhood obesity is a growing public health concern, with the gut microbiome emerging as a potential contributing factor. Diet and probiotics hold promise in modulating the gut microbiome and potentially influencing obesity risk. This study investigated the associations between dietary patterns, gut microbiome composition, and the use of probiotics in early childhood obesity in Palembang, Indonesia. Methods: An observational study was conducted in Palembang, involving 150 children aged 2-5 years, categorized into obese and non-obese groups based on WHO growth standards. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record, gut microbiome composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples, and probiotic use was documented through questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including multivariate regression and microbiome diversity metrics, were employed to explore associations. Results: Obese children displayed significantly lower gut microbiome diversity compared to non-obese children (p &lt; 0.05). Dietary patterns rich in processed foods and sugary drinks were associated with altered gut microbiome composition, characterized by increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes (p &lt; 0.01). Probiotic use was associated with improved gut microbiome diversity and a trend towards reduced obesity risk (p = 0.07). Conclusion: This study provides evidence linking dietary patterns, gut microbiome composition, and probiotic use to early childhood obesity in Palembang, Indonesia. Promoting healthy dietary choices and considering probiotic supplementation may offer potential strategies for obesity prevention in this population. Further research is warranted to establish causality and explore the long-term impact of interventions targeting the gut microbiome in early childhood obesity.

Interplay between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Interleukin 6, Microbiome, and Gut Barrier Integrity

A severe consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection that manifests as systemic inflammation and multi-organ involvement is called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). This review examines the possible relationship between gut barrier integrity, the microbiome, dysregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) signaling, and MIS-C. Clinical and biochemical features of MIS-C are comparable to those of other hyper-inflammatory syndromes, suggesting a dysregulated immune response. One possible explanation for the systemic inflammation seen in MIS-C patients is the SARS-CoV-2-induced dysregulation of the IL-6 signaling pathway. In addition, new data suggest a reciprocal link between gut barrier integrity and IL-6. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits bacteriophage-like behavior, highlighting the role of bacteria as a reservoir for the virus and emphasizing the importance of understanding the bacteriophagic mechanism of the virus in fecal–oral transmission. The increased translocation of viral products and bacterial toxins may result from disrupting the intestinal barrier and cause systemic inflammation. On the other hand, systemic inflammation can weaken the integrity of the intestinal barrier, which feeds back into the loop of immunological dysregulation. In the context of MIS-C, understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection, IL-6, and gut barrier integrity may shed light on the etiology of the disease and guide treatment options. Since children with gut dysbiosis may be more susceptible to MIS-C, it is critical to reinforce their microbiome through probiotics supplementation, and plant-fiber-rich diets (prebiotics). Early antibiotic treatment and the use of zonulin antagonists should also be considered.

Probiotic Supplementation’s Efficacy and Safety in Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Probiotic Supplementation’s Efficacy and Safety in Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The effects of time-restricted eating alone or in combination with probiotic supplementation in comparison with a calorie-restricted diet on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.

To assess the impact of intermittent fasting, with or without probiotic supplementation, versus a calorie-restricted diet on anthropometric measures, metabolic status and gonadal variables in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial. The effects of the 14:10 early time-restricted eating (eTRE) strategy alone or combined with probiotics, on obese women with PCOS, were investigated. Participants were divided into three groups: eTRE plus probiotics (n = 30), eTRE plus placebo (n = 30) and a control group following a standard three-meal-per-day diet with daily calorie restriction (DCR) (n = 30). Over 8 weeks, various anthropometric, metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables were assessed. A total of 90 individuals were included in the study, with a mean body weight of 81.4 kg, and a mean age of 30 years. Mean (standard deviation) weight loss was not different between the groups at week 8 (TRE + probiotic: -2.2 [1.6] kg vs. TRE + placebo: -2.9 [2.7] kg vs. DCR: -2.5 [1.7] kg). Results revealed that, while all three regimes led to reductions in body weight, body mass index, vascular risk indicators, hirsutism and acne scores, there were no statistically significant differences between the eTRE groups and the control group in terms of weight loss, or improvements in metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables (P > .05). Additionally, combining probiotics with eTRE did not benefit hormonal and cardiometabolic factors (P > .05). The eTRE alone or eTRE plus probiotics did not result in significantly greater weight loss or improvements in metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables compared with the standard three-meal DCR diet.