Probiotic Dose Research Articles

Gut dysbiosis mediates the association between antibiotic exposure and chronic disease

Antibiotics are safe, effective drugs and continue to save millions of lives and prevent long-term illness worldwide. A large body of epidemiological, interventional and experimental evidence shows that exposure to antibiotics has long-term negative effects on human health. We reviewed the literature data on the links between antibiotic exposure, gut dysbiosis, and chronic disease (notably with regard to the “developmental origins of health and disease” (“DOHaD”) approach). Molecular biology studies show that the systemic administration of antibiotic to infants has a rapid onset but also often a long-lasting impact on the microbial composition of the gut. Along with other environmental factors (e.g., an unhealthy “Western” diet and sedentary behavior), antibiotics induce gut dysbiosis, which can be defined as the disruption of a previously stable, functionally complete microbiota. Gut dysbiosis many harmful long-term effects on health. Associations between early-life exposure to antibiotics have been reported for chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, some cancers, metabolic diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes), allergic diseases, autoimmune disorders, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases. In mechanistic terms, gut dysbiosis influences chronic disease through direct effects on mucosal immune and inflammatory pathways, plus a wide array of direct or indirect effects of short-chain fatty acids, the enteric nervous system, peristaltic motility, the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, and the loss of intestinal barrier integrity (notably with leakage of the pro-inflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide into the circulation). To mitigate dysbiosis, the administration of probiotics in patients with chronic disease is often (but not always) associated with positive effects on clinical markers (e.g., disease scores) and biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation. Meta-analyses are complicated by differences in probiotic composition, dose level, and treatment duration, and large, randomized, controlled clinical trials are lacking in many disease areas. In view of the critical importance of deciding whether or not to prescribe antibiotics (especially to children), we suggest that the DOHaD concept can be logically extended to “gastrointestinal origins of health and disease” (“GOHaD”) or even “microbiotic origins of health and disease” (“MOHaD”).

Utilization of liquid multi-microbe probiotics supplemented urea red palm sugar block as a potential improving balance of microorganisms in digestive tract for cattle economical production

Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements, providing beneficial effects on the host animal by improving balance of microorganisms in digestive tract. This study aims to examine the benefits of liquid multi-microbe probiotic supplementation on nutrient digestibility and economical production of beef cattle. The treatments were including ration control using fresh forage of King grass (Pennisetum purpureum) + 350 g of URPS-Block without liquid probiotic supplement (T0), fresh forage of King grass (Pennisetum purpureum) + 350 g of URPS-Block + liquid probiotic supplement of 2.0 cc/liter fresh water (T1), fresh forage of King grass (Pennisetum purpureum) + 350 g of URPS-Block + liquid probiotic supplement of 4.0 cc/liter fresh water (T2) and fresh forage of King grass (Pennisetum purpureum) + 350 g of URPS-Block + liquid probiotic supplement of 6.0 cc/liter fresh water (T3). Experimental design applied the Randomized Block Design involving 24 male cattle, divided into six groups of animal ages and four liquid multi-microbe probiotic doses. Parameters were feed dried matter consumption (DMC), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion and income over feed costs (IOFC). The data were analyzed by variance analysis continued by Duncan test. Results showed that liquid multi-microbe probiotics supplementation of 2.0 to 6.0 cc/liter fresh water and URPS-Block of 350 g/day added into forages increased significantly (P<0.05) production of cattle indicated by significant higher ADG of 510 to 570 g (P<0.05) compared with those of control ration producing ADG of 380 g. The increase of animal production was supported linearly by the increasing drinking water consumption supplemented with liquid probiotic levels of 2.0 to 6.0 cc/liter fresh water of animals. Cattle supplemented with liquid probiotic of 2.0 to 6.0 cc/liter fresh water/animal/day also produced higher IOFC, equivalent with increases of 55.67 to 80.87 percents IOFC compared with the animals fed the control ration without liquid probiotics.

Effectiveness of biologically active substances added to sturgeon feeds

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the vitamin‐mineral complex E‐selenium and the probiotic preparation Bacell when added to industrial feed on the fish‐breeding‐biological and physiological‐ biochemical parameters of juvenile sterlet‐beluga hybrids when reared in cages.The duration of the experiment was 45 days. In experimental option 1, the fish were fed with basic compound feed with the addition of E‐selenium (300 μg selenium/kg of feed), in experimental option 2, the fish were fed with basic compound feed with the addition of E‐selenium (300 μg selenium/kg of feed) and the Bacell preparation (0.2 % by weight of dry food). The control variant was fed with basic feed.The absolute increase in the experimental variants was 13.0–25.0 % higher than in the control. Hematological parameters varied – in some cases with a high degree of significance. In particular, hemoglobin increased by 5.6–13 %, blood serum protein by 0.42–12.6 %, cholesterol by 9.8–16.3 % in the experimental variants and by 70.5 % in the control, due to the presence of a high degree of stress in control fish. At the same time, in fish experiments the effects of stress factors were suppressed by antioxidants. Preventive doses of microelements, vitamins and probiotics reduce and stabilise peroxide processes and contribute to the maintenance of good physiological condition of fish kept in artificial conditions.

The Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis on the Prevention of Asthma in an Animal Model.

The increase in the prevalence of asthma, particularly in urban communities, has encouraged investigations into preventive strategies. The hygiene theory proposes that early exposure to infections and unhygienic conditions during childhood influences immune system development, potentially protecting against allergic diseases. The mechanisms involved are related to alterations in the intestinal microbiota, such as with probiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, administered isolated or in combination, at various concentrations, on asthma in an animal model. Mice received two concentrations (1 × 109 and 1 × 1010CFU/ml) of three probiotics, isolated and in combination, over 26 consecutive days, initiating 10days before sensitizing and challenging with ovalbumin. In vivobronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway and lung inflammation were assessed. The administration of L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, and B. animalis spp. lactis in different concentrations, isolated or in combination, did not reduce hyperresponsiveness and airway and lung inflammation. As probiotic effects are strain and dose-dependents, specific studies are necessary to assess the effect of different probiotic strains, doses, and regimes.

Positive impact of early-probiotic administration on performance parameters, intestinal health and microbiota populations in broiler chickens

Minimizing the utilization of antibiotics in animal production is crucial to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistances. Thus, research on alternatives is needed to maintain productivity, sustainability, and animal health. To gain a comprehensive understanding of probiotics' modes of action on performance, intestinal microbiota, and gut health in poultry, 3 probiotic strains (Enterococcus faecalis CV1028 [EntF], Bacteroides fragilis GP1764 [BacF], and Ligilactobacillus salivarius CTC2197 [LacS]) were tested in 2 in vivo trials. Trial 1 comprised of a negative control group fed basal diet (BD) and 3 treatment groups that received BD with EntF, BacF and LacS. Trial 2 included a negative control group, a positive control group with Zinc-Bacitracin as antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), and 2 groups treated with a blend of probiotics (EntF+BacF+LacS) during 0 to 10 or 0 to 35 d, respectively. Wheat-soybean-rye based diets without exogenous enzymes were used as a challenge model to induce intestinal mild- or moderate-inflammatory process in the gut. In Trial 1, individually administered probiotics improved FCR at 8 d compared to Control, but these positive effects were lost in the following growing periods probably due to the high grade of challenging diet and a too low dose of probiotics. In Trial 2, both Probiotic treatments, administered only 10 or 35 d, significantly improved FCR to the same extent as of the Antibiotic group at the end of the trial. Although the performance between antibiotic and probiotic mixture showed similar values, microbiota analysis revealed different microbial composition at 7 d, but not at 21 d. This suggests that modes of action of the AGP and the tested probiotic blend differ on their effects on microbiome, and that the changes observed during the first days' posthatch are relevant on performance at the end of the study. Therefore, the probiotics administration only during the first 10 d posthatch was proven sufficient to induce similar performance improvements to those observed in birds fed antibiotic growth promoters throughout the whole experimental trial.

Protective potential of Bacillus subtilis (NMCC-path-14) against extraarticular manifestations during acute and sub-acute phase of arthritis using mice model

Extra-articular manifestations (EAM), which are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), affect the quality of life of patients and are one of the critical causes of early mortality. This study was aimed at investigating whether Bacillus subtilis NMCC-path-14 (1 × 108 CFU/animal/day) could serve as a valuable therapeutic agent in managing EAM using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis during acute and sub-acute phases. Arthritis was induced using intra-dermal administration of CFA in the right hind paw of mice on day 1. Dexamethasone (Dexa) (5 mg/kg/day/animal) was used as a standard treatment. Animals in Dexa and Bacillus subtilis concurrent treatment (BS-CT) received treatments on day 1. The Bacillus subtilis pre-treatment (BS-PT) group received a probiotic dose 7 days before arthritis induction. Parameters like body weight, relative organ weight, colon length, hematology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and histopathology of liver, kidney, spleen, colon, stress-related behavioral changes, and cortisol levels were evaluated on days 7 (acute) and 14 (sub-acute). Dexa failed to manage the EAM in arthritic mice and instead exacerbated them. On the other hand, B. subtilis NMCC-path-14 significantly declined EAM with no notable side effects, highlighting its safety and effectiveness. The current data show that B. subtilis NMCC-path-14 may be an alternative option for arthritis treatment that can reduce systemic symptoms associated with arthritis. More studies are required to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of mitigating the EAM by B. subtilis NMCC-path-14.

Use of protexin as a probiotic-supplemented feed additive: assessment of growth, digestibility, serum antioxidant enzyme activity, and blood profile in Cirrhinus mrigala

IntroductionProbiotics, one of functional feed additives (FFAs), have emerged as a potential supplement to strengthen fish health and mitigate oxidative stress. The main focus of our research was to explore the benefits of probiotics (protexin) on growth, digestibility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and blood indices of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings.MethodsA total of 105 fish (7.42 ± 0.02 g/fish) were used in a 90-day feeding trial. Fish were fed two times a day, and diets were tested in triplicate tanks (15 fingerlings per tank). Moringa oleifera seed meal was chosen as a basal feed ingredient. Seven test diets were formulated: One was control (without supplement), and six diets had different concentrations of probiotics, such as 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g kg−1.ResultsThe results of growth and nutrient absorption were maximum at a probiotic concentration of 2 g kg−1. The optimal serum antioxidant enzyme activity and blood parameters were likewise obtained at a probiotic dose of 2 g kg−1.ConclusionsSupplementing C. mrigala with 2 g kg−1 probiotics substantially improved their growth, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and hematological indices (p < 0.05).

The Prospect of Probiotics to Treat Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome remains as a major health problem in the world today, with a prevalence of 23.4% in people aged 26-82 years. A high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and lack of physical activity are considered as one of the triggers for metabolic syndrome. Dysbiosis is a condition where there is an imbalance between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the human gut. Currently, an association has been found between dysbiosis and metabolic syndrome. Dysbiosis causes the generation of fermentation products in the form of active metabolites that can modulate hormones and other physiological functions. In metabolic syndrome, low-grade inflammation, energy metabolism, and disruption of the gut brain axis are thought to be the main mechanisms of the development of metabolic syndrome due to dysbiosis. Probiotics may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, by improving dysbiosis to eubiosis. Based on previously conducted clinical trials, it is currently known that probiotics can improve lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and body mass index (BMI). However, the results found are still varied, so a dose ranging study is needed to determine the duration, bacterial composition and dose of probiotics as a therapeutic agent for metabolic syndrome. Keywords: insulin resistance, dysbiosis, gut-brain axis

Effects of graded dose of probiotics on packed cell volume, live body weight and gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of rabbit buck

Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when administered in sufficient amounts they grant health benefits to the host. This study was designed to determine the effects of a graded dose of probiotics on packed cell volume (PCV) live body weight and semen characteristics of the rabbit buck. Twelve healthy adult rabbit bucks were purchased and kept in the Laboratory Animal Research Unit of the Large Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri. The animals were randomly grouped into four A, B, C and D. Groups A, B and C rabbits were supplemented in their feeds with probiotics at the dose of 300 g, 200 g, and 100 g respectively. Group D, served as control and fed only a basal diet without probiotics throughout the research period. Drinking water was provided ad libitum throughout the study period. Thereafter, blood samples were collected aseptically via the ear vein once every week for six weeks and the live body weight of each rabbit in all the groups was measured with weighing balance once every week for six weeks. At the end of the six weeks, the rabbit bucks were aseptically prepared for orchidectomy and their testes were used for evaluation of gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves. The results reveal that the (PCV) and the live body weight were significant (P ˂ 0.05) among the treated groups when compared to the control (group D). However, the Gonadal morphometric gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves were not significant (p ˃ 0.05) among the treated groups when compared to the control (group D). In conclusion, Probiotics have the potential and influence on the (PCV) and live body weight of the rabbits in a dose-dependent manner, with no significant effects on the semen characteristics of the rabbits bucks.

Effects of graded dose of probiotics on packed cell volume, live body weight and gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of rabbit buck

Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when administered in sufficient amounts they grant health benefits to the host. This study was designed to determine the effects of a graded dose of probiotics on packed cell volume (PCV) live body weight and semen characteristics of the rabbit buck. Twelve healthy adult rabbit bucks were purchased and kept in the Laboratory Animal Research Unit of the Large Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri. The animals were randomly grouped into four A, B, C and D. Groups A, B and C rabbits were supplemented in their feeds with probiotics at the dose of 300 g, 200 g, and 100 g respectively. Group D, served as control and fed only a basal diet without probiotics throughout the research period. Drinking water was provided ad libitum throughout the study period. Thereafter, blood samples were collected aseptically via the ear vein once every week for six weeks and the live body weight of each rabbit in all the groups was measured with weighing balance once every week for six weeks. At the end of the six weeks, the rabbit bucks were aseptically prepared for orchidectomy and their testes were used for evaluation of gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves. The results reveal that the (PCV) and the live body weight were significant (P ˂ 0.05) among the treated groups when compared to the control (group D). However, the Gonadal morphometric gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves were not significant (p ˃ 0.05) among the treated groups when compared to the control (group D). In conclusion, Probiotics have the potential and influence on the (PCV) and live body weight of the rabbits in a dose-dependent manner, with no significant effects on the semen characteristics of the rabbits bucks.

Effect of Probiotics on the Length and Weight of Broilers Small Intestine

The increasing need for chicken meat consumption every year makes farmers have to optimize the target of broiler production performance. One solution to maximize production targets is to provide probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that function to increase the effectiveness of the gastrointestinal tract. The media used in making probiotics is prebiotics in the form of milk powder waste with kefir grain starter. In probiotic solutions there are several types of bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus sp. The purpose of this study was to increase the intestinal length of broiler chickens by probiotic supplementation in finisher phase broiler chickens. The research employed a Group Randomized Design (RAK) comprising 4 treatments and 5 repeats, namely P0 (Without probiotics), P1 (3% probiotics), P2 (5% probiotics) and P3 (7%) implementation of probiotics in broiler chicken drinking water given every afternoon to morning, using One Way ANOVA statistical test parameters with Duncan follow-up tests. Based on the results of P0, P1, P2 and P3 studies that have been carried out, the best probiotic dose research results were obtained at P3 (7% probiotics) with duodenal length worth 50.4 cm, jejenum 86.2 cm and ileum worth 52 cm. The weight of duodenum is worth 29.7 grams, jejenum is worth 30.4 grams and ileum is 30.1 grams.

Qi Huang Fang improves intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbes in septic mice through NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cellular pyroptosis

ObjectiveSepsis has a high incidence, morbidity, and mortality rate and is a great threat to human safety. Gut health plays an important role in sepsis development. Qi Huang Fang (QHF) contains astragalus, rhubarb, zhishi, and atractylodes. It is used to treat syndromes of obstructive qi and deficiency of righteousness. This study aimed to investigate whether QHF improves intestinal barrier function and microorganisms in mice through NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle-mediated cellular focal death. MethodsA mouse model of sepsis was constructed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) of specific pathogen-free (SPF)-grade C57BL/6 mice after continuous gavage of low, medium, and high doses of astragalus formula or probiotics for 4 weeks. Twenty-four hours postoperatively, the mechanism of action of QHF in alleviating septic intestinal dysfunction and restoring intestinal microecology, thereby alleviating intestinal injury, was evaluated by pathological observation, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, ELISA, and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsDifferent doses of QHF and probiotics ameliorated intestinal injury and reduced colonic apoptosis in mice to varying degrees (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, different doses of QHF and probiotics were able to reduce the serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P < 0.05); down-regulate the protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and caspase-11 (P < 0.05); and up-regulate the protein expression of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and occludin (P < 0.05), which improved the intestinal barrier function in mice. In addition, QHF decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Firmicutes, Muribaculaceae, Campilobacterota, Helicobacter, and Alistipes) and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria) (P < 0.05). ConclusionQHF improves intestinal barrier function and gut microbiology in mice via NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cellular pyroptosis.

301 Maxwell Lecture: Bacillus probiotics in nursery pigs: The effects of dose on gut health and performance

Abstract Weaning is one of the most stressful events in the life of a pig and critical for their health and development. To reduce the use of antibiotics and zinc oxide in nursery diets, many feed additives have been tested to demonstrate their efficacy in weaning pigs. Bacillus subtilis, a heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria, consumes oxygen in the digestive tract and can provide a favorable anaerobic environment for lactic acid-producing bacteria, resulting in their proliferation. It also produces several digestive enzymes, such as amylase, protease, and antioxidant enzymes. In addition, Bacillus species are known to alter the gut microbiome and increase the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Therefore, Bacillus probiotics have been widely used in nursery diets to effectively improve growth performance and protect piglets from weaning stress and postweaning diarrhea. However, when the probiotics are supplemented in diets for weaning pigs, their efficacy is dependent on multiple factors, such as strains, the health condition of the animals, product composition, and the dose of the probiotics. There has been tremendous effort in establishing the optimal supplementation level of probiotics for nursery pigs to maximize the efficacy of their supplementation, but a high dose of probiotics could be detrimental to the gut health and microflora of nursery pigs, as it could increase the incidence of diarrhea and may have potential side effects in the immune system, antibiotic resistance, and the production of unfavorable metabolites in the gut. A study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of Bacillus probiotic supplementation for nursery pigs at the recommended and high doses (10 times greater bacterial counts than the recommended dose) compared with a control treatment with no probiotic supplementation. In the study, the Bacillus supplementation at the recommended dose did improve the early postweaning growth rate, increase the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), and blood glucose concentrations, and alter the fecal microbiome. However, high-dosing probiotics in nursery diets did not show any beneficial effects that were shown in the pigs fed diets with Bacillus probiotics at the recommended dose. Bacillus-probiotic supplementation in nursery diets may enhance growth performance and benefit gut health, but a high dose of probiotics does not always lead to comparable positive effects for pigs. Therefore, it is critically important to test probiotics to optimize their efficacy and avoid unnecessary high-dosing in nursery diets, as it could be cost-ineffective and may not show benefits that can be observed with the recommended dose.

From whole genomes to probiotic candidates: A study of potential lactobacilli strains selection for vaginitis treatment

Vaginitis, characterized by pathogenic invasion and a deficiency in beneficial lactobacilli, has recognized lactobacilli supplementation as a novel therapeutic strategy. However, due to individual differences in vaginal microbiota, identifying universally effective Lactobacillus strains is challenging. Traditional methodologies for probiotic selection, which heavily depend on extensive in vitro experiments, are both time-intensive and laborious. The aim of this study was to pinpoint possible vaginal probiotic candidates based on whole-genome screening. We sequenced the genomes of 98 previously isolated Lactobacillus strains, annotating their genes involved in probiotic metabolite biosynthesis, adherence, acid/bile tolerance, and antibiotic resistance. A scoring system was used to assess the strains based on their genomic profiles. The highest-scoring strains underwent further in vitro evaluation. Consequently, two strains, Lactobacillus crispatus LG55-27 and Lactobacillus gasseri TM13-16, displayed an outstanding ability to produce d-lactate and adhere to human vaginal epithelial cells. They also showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to reference Lactobacillus strains. Their resilience to acid and bile environments highlights the potential for oral supplementation. Oral and vaginal administration of these two strains were tested in a bacterial vaginosis (BV) rat model at various doses. Results indicated that combined vaginal administration of these strains at 1 × 106 CFU/day significantly mitigated BV in rats. This research offers a probiotic dosage guideline for vaginitis therapy, underscoring an efficient screening process for probiotics using genome sequencing, in vitro testing, and in vivo BV model experimentation.

Postbiotic Administration Ameliorates Colitis and Inflammation in Rats Possibly through Gut Microbiota Modulation.

Postbiotics are preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that are beneficial to host health. Compared with probiotics, the postbiotic dose required for exerting obvious protective effects is unknown. Thus, we conducted a dose-dependent postbiotic intervention study in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis rats. The trial included five rat groups, including: control without DSS/postbiotic treatment, group C; 7-day DSS treatment, group D; 14-day low, medium, and high probiotic doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 g/kg; groups L, M, H, respectively) after DSS induction. We found that postbiotic intervention effectively mitigated the symptoms and inflammation in colitis rats, evidenced by the improved spleen index, less severe colon tissue damage, and changes in serum cytokine levels (decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β; increase in interleukin-10) in postbiotic groups compared with group D. Moreover, the therapeutic effect was dose-dependent. Fecal metabolomics analysis revealed that the postbiotic recipients had more anti-inflammatory metabolites, namely, salicyloyl phytophingosine, podophylloxin, securinine, baicalein, and diosmetin. Fecal metagenomics analysis revealed that the postbiotic recipients had more beneficial microbes and less pro-inflammatory bacteria. This study confirmed that postbiotics are effective in alleviating colitis in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings are of interest to food scientists, clinicians, and the health food industry.

“Enzimsporin” probiotic effect on the growth, vitality and physiological state of sterlet in the RAS

Despite the great interest in the use of probiotics to strengthen the immune characteristics of animals, there is not enough work on this issue, so we set ourselves the goal of studying the physiological state and immune status of sterlet grown in the ultrasound, which was fed with the addition of the probiotic “Enzimsporin”. A control group and three experimental groups were selected for the experiment, individuals were selected according to the principle of analogues of 50 in each group. For 60 days, the sterlet of the experimental groups was fed with the addition of probiotic in dosages of 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg. Based on the combination of high linear-weight indicators and survival, we evaluated the hematological characteristics of individuals in the group that received a probiotic dosage of 1 g/kg of feed. In this experimental group, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood did not significantly differ. When using a probiotic in a fish leukogram, the proportion of immature myeloid cells, including rod-shaped neutrophils, decreases from 3.1% to 0.6%. At the same time, there were no significant differences in the proportion of mature segmented neutrophils. The use of probiotics significantly increases the amount of lysosomal cationic protein in neutrophils to a value of 1.94 units of blood compared to the control group, whose values were 1.05 units, which indicates a favorable state of cellular immunity and a high immune status of fish in this group as a whole.

Characterization of the Effects of a Novel Probiotic on Salmonella Colonization of a Piglet-Derived Intestinal Microbiota Using Improved Bioreactor.

The carriage of Salmonella in pigs is a major concern for the agri-food industry and for global healthcare systems. Humans could develop salmonellosis when consuming contaminated pig products. On the other hand, some Salmonella serotypes could cause disease in swine, leading to economic losses on farms. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the anti-Salmonella activity of a novel Bacillus-based probiotic using a bioreactor containing a piglet-derived intestinal microbiota. Two methods of probiotic administration were tested: a single daily and a continuous dose. Salmonella enumeration was performed using selective agar at T24h, T48h, T72h, T96h and T120h. The DNA was extracted from bioreactor samples to perform microbiome profiling by targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing on Illumina Miseq. The quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also assessed at T120h. The probiotic decreased Salmonella counts at T96 for the daily dose and at T120 for the continuous one. Both probiotic doses affected the alpha and beta diversity of the piglet-derived microbiota (p < 0.05). A decrease in acetate concentration and an increase in propionate proportion were observed in the continuous condition. In conclusion, the tested Bacillus-based product showed a potential to modulate microbiota and reduce Salmonella colonization in a piglet-derived intestinal microbiota and could therefore be used in vivo.

Determining the doses of probiotics for application in Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius 1798) larvae to produce crablet

Determining the doses of probiotics for application in Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius 1798) larvae to produce crablet

Efficacy and safety of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease characterized by abdominal pain, distension, and altered bowel habits. Probiotics may alleviate IBS symptoms, but clinical trials remain conflicting. AimsTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics for IBS patients. MethodsWe searched relevant trials in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from 2000 to June 2023. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes. A risk ratio (RR) and a 95% CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes. ResultsA total of 20 studies involving 3011 patients were obtained. The results demonstrated that probiotics are more effective than placebo in reducing global IBS symptoms improvement rate (RR = 1.401, 95% CI 1.182 - 1.662, P < 0.001) and quality of life scores (SMD = 0.286, 95% CI = 0.154 - 0.418, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that a shorter treatment time (less than eight weeks) could reduce distension scores (SMD = 0.197, 95% CI = 0.038 - 0.356, P = 0.015). High doses (daily dose of probiotics ≥ 10ˆ10) or multiple strains of probiotics exhibit beneficial effects on abdominal pain (SMD = 0.412, 95% CI = 0.112 - 0.711, P = 0.007; SMD = 0.590, 95% CI = 0.050 - 1.129, P = 0.032; respectively). However, there was no significant benefit on global symptom scores (SMD = 0.387, 95% CI 0.122 to 0.653, P = 0.004) with statistically high inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 91.9%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant inter-group difference in terms of adverse events frequency (RR = 0.997, 95% CI 0.845 - 1.177, P = 0.973). ConclusionProbiotics are effective and safe for IBS patients. High doses or multiple probiotic strains seem preferable, but definite conclusions are challenging due to the high heterogeneity. Large-scale, well-designed, and rigorous trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness.

The Effect of Probiotic-Induced Fermentation of Restaurant Waste on the Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry

The study explores using the fermentation process to convert organic restaurant waste into fish feed, a promising solution for aquaculture. The aim is to determine the best type and dosage of probiotics for fermenting restaurant waste (FRWM) and evaluate their impact on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry growth. Three commercial probiotics (P1, P2, and P3) were used at an 8% concentration for fermenting the waste. The best result from the fermentation trial was tested as feed containing different FRWM proportions: 0% (TA), 10% (TB), 20% (TC), 30% (TD), and 40% (TE) with 30% protein content. The trial lasted 42 days, assessing waste chemical composition before and after fermentation, growth rate, amylase and protease activity, feed conversion, survival rate, and water quality. Results showed P1 was most effective, increasing FRWM protein content by 84.25% and reducing crude fiber and fat by 15.17% and 3.94%, respectively. TE (40% FRWM) yielded the best outcomes, with fry common carp achieving a 1.05% daily growth rate and a feed conversion ratio of 0.80, indicating efficient feed utilization. TC (20% FRWM) exhibited the highest survival rate at 88.33%. The inclusion of FRWM influenced amylase activity, increasing enzyme levels and improving feed efficiency and growth rate. In conclusion, using FRWM, fermented with P1 probiotics, showed significant improvements in its composition, leading to enhanced fish growth and feed utilization. The 40% FRWM diet demonstrated the best fish growth rate and feed conversion performance. These findings support using fermented restaurant waste as sustainable and nutritious fish feed in aquaculture.