Qi Huang Fang improves intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbes in septic mice through NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cellular pyroptosis

Abstract

ObjectiveSepsis has a high incidence, morbidity, and mortality rate and is a great threat to human safety. Gut health plays an important role in sepsis development. Qi Huang Fang (QHF) contains astragalus, rhubarb, zhishi, and atractylodes. It is used to treat syndromes of obstructive qi and deficiency of righteousness. This study aimed to investigate whether QHF improves intestinal barrier function and microorganisms in mice through NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle-mediated cellular focal death. MethodsA mouse model of sepsis was constructed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) of specific pathogen-free (SPF)-grade C57BL/6 mice after continuous gavage of low, medium, and high doses of astragalus formula or probiotics for 4 weeks. Twenty-four hours postoperatively, the mechanism of action of QHF in alleviating septic intestinal dysfunction and restoring intestinal microecology, thereby alleviating intestinal injury, was evaluated by pathological observation, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, ELISA, and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsDifferent doses of QHF and probiotics ameliorated intestinal injury and reduced colonic apoptosis in mice to varying degrees (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, different doses of QHF and probiotics were able to reduce the serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P < 0.05); down-regulate the protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and caspase-11 (P < 0.05); and up-regulate the protein expression of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and occludin (P < 0.05), which improved the intestinal barrier function in mice. In addition, QHF decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Firmicutes, Muribaculaceae, Campilobacterota, Helicobacter, and Alistipes) and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria) (P < 0.05). ConclusionQHF improves intestinal barrier function and gut microbiology in mice via NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cellular pyroptosis.