Dietary Probiotics Research Articles

Evaluation of the Dietary Effect of Hallabong Peel Oil on Growth, Hematological, and Immune Gene Expression in Rock Bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus Challenged with Edwardsiella tarda

In the present study we evaluated the dietary effect of Hallabong peel oil (HPO) on growth, disease resistance, and immune gene expression of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda after a 4 week feeding trial with 5 treatments: control-C, probiotic–P, HPO (0.1%), HPO (0.5%), and P+HPO, diets. All fish groups were assessed for growth performance, innate immune parameters, serum biochemical profile, and immune gene expression in head kidney on 2nd, and 4th week, and 1st, 3rd and 7th day post infection with Edwardsiella tarda. Fish fed the HPO enriched diets showed increased growth performance with significantly decreased (P>0.05) mortality compared with the control and probiotic diet groups. The positive effects of HPO enriched diet were also found in all assessed innate immune and biochemical parameters which included increased respiratory burst and lysozyme activity, with significantly increased erythrocyte and leukocytes counts, increased serum protein, decreased glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol level in serum compared with control diet fed fish. Moreover, the probiotic bacterial count in the intestine of fish was enhanced with the HPO diet and the P+HPO diet compared to fish fed the probiotic diet. The head kidney of HPO enriched diet fed fish showed up-regulated expression of inflammatory cytokines genes such as TNFα, IL-1β, and FST, after 4th week of feeding trial which was increased ~2 to 3 times on 1dpi and 3 dpi. These results indicate that limonene rich (91.26%), HPO enriched diets enhance growth and immunity and enhance disease resistance of Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged against E. tarda.

Dietary Effect of Probiotic Bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-JFP2 on Growth and Innate Immune Response in Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus, Challenged with Streptococcus iniae

The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a probiotic source in the diet of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. A total of 210 fingerlings (25.4 ± 0.13 g) were divided into two groups, three replicates each; control (C) and probiotic (P) group (35×3=105 fish per group). C group was fed a basal diet without probiotic while P group was fed with B. amyloliquefaciens spores at a concentration of 1.4 ×106 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) of feed. After 90 days, P group fish showed significant improvements in body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) when compared with C group fish. Also, in bi-weekly assessments, serum protein and glucose level showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in probiotic fed fish compared with the control group. Similar increase in serum antioxidant and lysozyme activity was found in the probiotic fed fish group. However, there was a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol along with increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amonotransferase (AST) levels in probiotic diet fed fish compared to the control. After seventy days the fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae and mortality of the probiotic fed fish was significantly lower (p<0.05) when compared with the control. These results demonstrate the benefit of incorporation of B. amyloliquefaciens as a feed supplement to improve the health status of Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged with Streptococcus iniae.

Dietary Effect of Probiotic Bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-JFP2 on Growth and Innate Immune Response in Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus, Challenged with Streptococcus iniae

The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a probiotic source in the diet of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. A total of 210 fingerlings (25.4 ± 0.13 g) were divided into two groups, three replicates each; control (C) and probiotic (P) group (35×3=105 fish per group). C group was fed a basal diet without probiotic while P group was fed with B. amyloliquefaciens spores at a concentration of 1.4 ×106 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) of feed. After 90 days, P group fish showed significant improvements in body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) when compared with C group fish. Also, in bi-weekly assessments, serum protein and glucose level showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in probiotic fed fish compared with the control group. Similar increase in serum antioxidant and lysozyme activity was found in the probiotic fed fish group. However, there was a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol along with increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amonotransferase (AST) levels in probiotic diet fed fish compared to the control. After seventy days the fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae and mortality of the probiotic fed fish was significantly lower (p<0.05) when compared with the control. These results demonstrate the benefit of incorporation of B. amyloliquefaciens as a feed supplement to improve the health status of Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged with Streptococcus iniae.

Comparative evaluation of dietary probiotics Bacillus subtilis WB60 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 on the growth performance, immunological parameters, gut morphology and disease resistance in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica

The current experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different probiotics Bacillus subtilis WB60 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 in diet of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Seven experimental diets were formulated to contain no probiotics (CON), three graded levels of B. subtilis at 106 (BS1), 107 (BS2), 108 (BS3) and L. plantarum at 106 (LP1), 107 (LP2), 108 (LP3) CFU/g diet. Twenty fish averaging 8.29 ± 0.06 g were distributed in to 21 aquaria and were randomly assigned to one of the experimental diets in triplicate groups. Average weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed B. subtilis at 107 (BS2) and 108 (BS3) CFU/g diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed other experimental diets (P < 0.05). Nonspecific enzymatic activities including lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) from fish fed B. subtilis at 107 (BS2) and 108 (BS3) CFU/g diet were detected to be significantly higher than that from fish fed CON diet (P < 0.05). Whereas, level of intestine glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat shock protein 70, 90 (HSP70, 90) and immunoglobulin (IgM) from fish fed B. subtilis at 107 and 108 CFU/g diet were recorded to be significantly higher than those of fish fed other experimental diets (P < 0.05). Parameters for intestinal morphology and histology suggested a healthier gut for the fish fed108 (BS3) CFU/g diet as compared to other treatment groups. Whereas, results from the disease challenge test with bacteria Vibrio angulillarum showed significantly lower survival rate for fish fed CON diet than those of fish fed other experimental diets. Therefore, these results indicated that oral supplement of B. subtilis at 108 (BS3) CFU/g diet could be a more effective source of probiotic compared to L. plantarum in Japanese eel.

Effect of catfish’ (Clarias gariepinus) flour and oil with probiotic Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 based functional feed provision on bodyweight and C-reactive protein (CRP) of aged atherogenic female Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

The aim of the research was to study the effect of functional feed of catfish’ flour, oil and probiotic E. faecium IS-27526 based on bodyweight and CRP (C-reactive protein) of aged female Cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis ). Nine aged female Cynolmolgus randomly divided into three groups. The age is determined by dentition, with bodyweight in a range of 2 – 4 kg. Animals were placed in individual cages in the position where they can interact audiovisually. Feed composition consists of sugar, egg, soy flour, wheat flour, sweet potato flour, butter, egg yolk flour, catfish’ flour and oil, and microencapsulated probiotic Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 and administered for 90 days. Evaluation of bodyweight (BW) and CRP were conducted. There is no significant effect (p>0.05) of experimental diets on bodyweight in each group. However, probiotic tends to delay the bodyweight gain. The bodyweight of cynomolgus in probiotic diet is shown more stable than others. There is no the effect of experimental diets on CRP which is marked by negative result of CRP test. Probiotic E. faecium IS-27526 is potential for bodyweight homeostasis regulation to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rumen bypass-fat supplementation on growth, nutrient utilisation, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of lambs

Forty-eight weaned (3 months of age) lambs were randomly distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial design to assess the effect of rumen bypass-fat (RBF) feeding (with and without) and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation (with and without) on growth, nutrient utilisation, rumen metabolic profile and carcass traits during the post-weaning phase (3–6 months of age) of life. The four experimental groups, each having 12 lambs (six male and six female), were thus designated as control (C, basic diet without RBF and probiotic), basic diet without RBF but with probiotic (C + P), basic diet with RBF but without probiotic (C + RBF) and basic diet with RBF and probiotic (C + P + RBF). The basic diet consisted of ad libitum concentrates and dry pala (Zizyphus nummularia) leaves. Additionally, each lamb received 500 g of green ardu (Ailanthus excelsa) leaves. The RBF was calcium salt of fatty acids (source: rice bran oil) and fed at 40 g per kg of concentrate and the probiotic was fed at 9.0 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bodyweight. Weekly bodyweights were recorded to assess the growth performance of lambs and revealed significantly (P = 0.026) higher gain in weight and average daily gain in RBF-supplemented groups independent of probiotic supplementation. The intake of concentrate was higher (P = 0.025) in RBF-fed groups and lead to increased (P = 0.028) total daily dry-matter intake and higher (P &lt; 0.05) plane of nutrition (more metabolisable energy and a higher digestible crude protein intake) irrespective of probiotic supplementation. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was narrower (P &lt; 0.05) in RBF- and probiotic-supplemented animals. Digestibility of organic matter, ether extract and acid detergent fibre increased and higher nitrogen balance was observed in lambs fed with RBF. Probiotic supplementation showed a positive effect (P &lt; 0.05) on digestibility of acid detergent fibre. Ruminal metabolic profile was assessed at the end of the experimental feeding and it showed higher pH and ciliate protozoa population with RBF, independent of probiotic supplementation. Urinary purine derivatives were measured during the metabolic trial at the end of the experiment, which showed higher allantoin excretion leading to increased microbial nitrogen flow with RBF supplementation. Pre-slaughter weight, loin eye area and lean percentage were higher with a lower bone percentage and cooking loss, showing positive carcass attributes in RBF-fed groups, and the effect of probiotic was non-significant. It is concluded that RBF supplementation enhanced higher intake and utilisation of nutrients that supported improved weight gain, FCR and carcass traits, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding had a positive effect on fibre digestibility and FCR, possibly by modifying the gut environment.

Comparison of the effects of dietary single and multi-probiotics on growth, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance and non-specific immune responses in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus. Fish averaging 46.5 ± 0.65 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets; one control (Cont), and five other diets were prepared by supplementing single-probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis; SP1, 2 × 109 CFU kg−1 diet), single-probiotics 2 (Bacillus licheniformis; SP2, 2 × 109 CFU kg−1 diet), multi-probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis; MP1, 2 × 109 CFU kg−1 diet), multi-probiotics 2 (commercial probiotics; Bacillus subtills + Bacillus licheniformis + Paenibacillus polymyxa + Aspergillus oryzae + Saccharomyces cerevisiae; MP2, 2 × 109 CFU kg−1 diet) and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 5 g OTC kg−1 diet. At the end of 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed SP1, MP1 and MP2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of fish fed MP2 diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity and lysozyme activity of fish fed SP1, MP1 and MP2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP1 and MP2 diets. During the Edwardsiella tarda challenge test, the first mortality occurred on day 2. After the 14 days challenge test, cumulative survival rate of fish fed MP1 and MP2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP1, MP2 and OTC diets in survival rate at the termination of the challenge test. Although there was little advantage in immunological parameters with fish fed MP diets, single and multi-probiotics were equally effective statistically. These results demonstrated that single or multi-probiotics had equal beneficial effect as an antibiotic replacer in terms of growth performance, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder.

Effects of Bacillus subtilis Strains on Growth, Immune Parameters, and Streptococcus iniae Susceptibility in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic‐amended diets fed to juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on growth and susceptibility to Streptococcus iniae infection. Fish (average weight 16.5 ± 0.2 g) were fed five diets formulated with Bacillus subtilis strains SB3086, SB3295, SB3615, or AP193 either individually or in combination of strains SB3086 and SB3615 at a targeted concentration of approximately 4 × 107 colony‐forming units (CFU)/g of feed or with a basal control diet with no additives for 21 d. After the 21‐d growth trial, no significant difference in growth performance was observed with any probiotic‐amended diet. Results from serum bactericidal activity showed a significant difference between treatments and the control (P = 0.0002), except for the SB3295‐amended diet (P = 0.9020). Lysozyme activity was also significantly different in fish fed probiotic diets from those fed control diet (P = 0.0001). After 21 d of feeding, fish were challenged with S. iniae by intraperitoneal injection at a dosage of 8 × 106 CFU per fish. Results from the challenge also showed a significant difference between treatments and control (P = 0.0001). Overall, fish fed with strain SB3615 showed the lowest percent mortality (44.0 ± 7.2%) and those fed the control diet showed the highest mortality (77.3 ± 7.0%). The combined feeding with strains SB3086 and SB3615 did not result in any significant difference in reducing mortality because of S. iniae infection in juvenile Nile tilapia when compared with the individual probiotic treatments.

THE IMPACT OF DIETARY PROBIOTICS AND GUT MICROBIOTA SUPPLEMENTATION ON DIABETES MANAGEMENT: THE PRO-DASH DIET

Studies have demonstrated that the composition of a patient’s gut microbiota is associated with their cardiovascular risk and preliminary studies in animal models have suggested that supplementing gut flora with probiotics can reduce blood sugar profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of supplementing the DASH diet with dietary probiotics on blood sugar profiles of essential hypertensives.

Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in calves.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dietary probiotics on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in dairy calves. Twelve Holstein calves were randomly allocated to three treatments: a basal diet, the basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 (LB) or basal diet supplemented with a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 and Bacillus subtilis B27 (LBS). A milk replacer was fed to calves from 8 days of age. A starter and alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum from 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and the orts were weighted daily. The ruminal fluid was sampled at 56 and 83 days of age to determine the rumen fermentation characteristics. The bacterial community was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the number of certain bacteria was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The ratio of total dry matter intake to average body wieght was higher in the control (P < 0.05). The DGGE fingerprint of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was affected by the blended probiotics at 83 days of age. The number of Ruminococcus albus was lower in the LB and LBS treatment (P < 0.05). Oral administration of the probiotics affected the rumen bacterial community and the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria decreased.

Effects of dietary Lactobicillus plantarum on the growth, carcass quality, and immune response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) challenged with Salmonella typhi

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on the production of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Five experimental diets containing 0, 103, 105, 107, and 109 CFU of Lactobacillus plantarum g−1 diet (T1–T5 treatments respectively) were fed to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (9.20 ± 0.1 g initial body mass), for 70 days. Results indicated significantly lower growth performance in the fish fed diet without probiotics and in those fed diet with the least probiotic level. Treatments with probiotics significantly improved the blood profile and carcass protein but significantly reduced the carcass fat (P < 0.05); these treatments also marginally improved the carcass minerals in comparison with the treatment without probiotic (P < 0.05). Challenging the fish fed the experimental diets with Salmonella typhi showed higher immunity of fish fed the probiotic diets than those fed the nonprobiotic diet. Duncan’s multiple range test showed that the best fish performance was observed with 103 CFU g−1 L. plantarum for very parameter measured. However, regression analyses showed the optimum level of the bacteria to be 104.13–105 CFU g−1

Effects of probiotic supplementation in different nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microflora and noxious gas emission in weaning pig.

Probiotics can serve as alternatives to antibiotics to increase the performance of weaning pigs, and the intake of probiotics is affected by dietary nutrient density. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a probiotic complex in different nutrient density diets on growth performance, digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microflora and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs. From day 22 to day 42, both high-nutrient-density and probiotic complex supplementation diets increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain. On day 42, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy (GE), blood urea nitrogen concentration and NH3 and H2 S emissions were increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed high-nutrient-density diets. Pigs fed probiotic complex supplementation diets had higher (P < 0.05) ATTD of GE than pigs fed non-supplemented diets. Fecal Lactobacillus counts were increased whereas Escherichia coli counts and NH3 and H2 S emissions were decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed probiotic complex supplementation diets. Interactive effects on average daily feed intake (ADFI) were observed from day 22 to day 42 and overall, where probiotic complex improved ADFI more dramatically in low-nutrient-density diets. The beneficial effects of probiotic complex (Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum) supplementation on ADFI is more dramatic with low-nutrient-density diets. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Dietary probiotics enhance the immunity of Thai pangas (Pangasius hypophthalmus) against Pseudomonas fluorescens

The use of probiotics in aquaculture is now gaining a wide acceptance. This study was conducted to evaluate the commercially available probiotic Bioprob (PIC-BIO company, Tokyo, Japan) on the efficacy of its use on mean immune parameters and Pseudomonas fluorescens disease challenge in Thai pangas (Pangasius hypophthalmus) under laboratory conditions. The fishes were fed with five different experimental pellet diets enriched with 0 g, 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g Bioprob probiotic per kg feed that enhanced the immune potentiality investigated on weeks 1, 2 and 4. The phagocytic and bactericidal activity significantly increased in P. hypophthalmus fed with 2 g Bioprob probiotic per kg feed against P. fluorescens on weeks 2 and 4. After the feeding trial, the fishes were injected intraperiotonaly (IP) with 0.2 ml of 1.8 X 10-7 CFU ml-1 pathogenic P. fluorescens. The cumulative mortality was low in T5 (2 g kg-1) whereas high in T2 (0.5 g kg-1) as 68% compared to control (0 g kg-1) as 84% against pathogen. Therefore, dietary probiotics with 2 g kg-1 feed were found to enhance the disease resistance of P. hypophthalmus against P. fluorescens.

Effect of Feeding Probioticated Functional Food Mixture on Serum Cholesterol Levels in Albino Rats

Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts. These probiotics promote good health and have therapeutic value. In this regard a study has been conducted to find the effect of probioticated millet mix on cholesterol levels in albino rats. Forty eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, all groups showed normal growth. Normal levels of serum hematological and serum values were observed where as Composite Mix Single Probiotic (CMSP) diet showed better results. Reduction in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and improvement in the HDL levels were observed over a period of 45 days in experimental animals. CMSP was found to have good effect when compared to Composite Mix with Mixed Probiotic (CMMP). Hypocholesterolemic effect was observed in rats fed with CMSP diet.

Use of probiotics to enhance growth, stimulate immunity and confer disease resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss )

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish averaging 5.8 ± 0.8 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the five experimental diets; one control (Cont), and four other diets were prepared by supplementing single probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis; SP1, 0.5%), single probiotics 2 (Bacillus licheniformis; SP2, 0.5%), multi-probiotics (B. subtilis + B. licheniformis; MP, 0.5%) and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 5 g OTC kg−1 diet. After 8 weeks of the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed SP1, SP2 and OTC diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed Cont diet (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme activities of fish fed SP1, SP2 and MP diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed Cont diet (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in SOD and lysozyme activities among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP and OTC diets. In challenge test with Aeromonas salmonicida for 15 days, fish fed SP1, SP2 and MP diets showed significantly higher cumulative survival rate than those of fish fed Cont diet (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in cumulative survival rate among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP and OTC diets. Although there was a little advantage in fish fed MP diet in terms of non-specific immune responses, single or multi-probiotics are equally effective statistically. These results indicate that single or multi-probiotics had equal beneficial effects as an antibiotic replacer on growth performance, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile rainbow trout.

Innate immune response, intestinal morphology and microbiota changes in Senegalese sole fed plant protein diets with probiotics or autolysed yeast.

The effects of using plant ingredients in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) diet on immune competence and intestine morphology and microbial ecology are still controversial. Probiotics or immunostimulants can potentially alter the intestinal microbiota in a way that protects fish against pathogens. The current study aimed to examine the intestine histology and microbiota and humoral innate immune response in juvenile sole fed diets with low (35%) or high (72%) content of plant protein (PP) ingredients supplemented with a multispecies probiotic bacteria or autolysed yeast. Fish fed the probiotic diet had lower growth performance. Lysozyme and complement activities were significantly higher in fish fed PP72 diets than in their counterparts fed PP35 diets after 17 and 38days of feeding. At 2days of feeding, fish fed unsupplemented PP72 showed larger intestine section area and longer villus than fish fed unsupplemented PP35. At 17days of feeding, fish fed unsupplemented PP72 showed more goblet cells than the other dietary groups, except the group fed yeast supplemented PP35 diet. High dietary PP level, acutely stimulate fish innate immune defence of the fish after 2 and 17days of feeding. However, this effect does not occur after 73days of feeding, suggesting a habituation to dietary treatments and/or immunosuppression, with a reduction in the number of the goblet cells. Fish fed for 38days with diets supplemented with autolysed yeast showed longer intestinal villus. The predominant bacteria found in sole intestine were Vibrio sp. and dietary probiotic supplementation caused a reduction in Vibrio content, regardless of the PP level.

Use of probiotics in diets of animal or vegetable origin for broilers

Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de probióticos en dietas con ingredientes de origen animal o vegetal sobre las variables productivas de pollos de engorde de 1 a 42 días de edad. Materiales y métodos. Fueron utilizados 1056 pollitos de un día de edad, machos de linaje Ross 308, distribuidos en un diseño experimental completamente al azar en un arreglo factorial 2X4 (dieta de origen animal o vegetal) y cuatro promotores (antibiótico, dos probióticos y un control negativo) con 6 repeticiones y 22 aves por unidad. Resultados. A los 7 días de edad hubo diferencia (p&lt;0.05) en el consumo diario de alimento, peso y ganancia de peso y a los 14 días para peso, ganancia de peso y mortalidad entre las dietas. La conversión alimenticia de 1 a 7 días tuvo interacción (p&lt;0.05) entre los tipos de dieta y los promotores. Hubo diferencia (p&lt;0.05) para el peso y la ganancia de peso a los 14 días de edad entre los promotores. A los 21 días de edad la mortalidad presentó diferencia (p&lt;0.05) para el tipo de dietas; el peso, ganancia de peso, consuno diario de alimento y conversión alimenticia presentaron diferencia para los promotores. A los 28, 35 y 42 días de edad la mortalidad y el índice de eficiencia productiva presentaron diferencia (p&lt;0.05) entre el tipo de dietas. Conclusiones. El tipo de dieta y de promotor de crecimiento no afectan las variables productivas; sin embargo, la viabilidad mejora con las dietas de origen animal.Objective. Evaluate the use of probiotics in diets whit ingredients of animal or vegetable origin in production variables of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Materials and Methods. Were used 1056 one-day-old chicks, male, of lineage Ross 308, divided in to an experimental randomized design in 2X4 factorial arrangement, two origin of diet (animal or vegetable) and four promoters (antibiotic, two probiotics and a negative control) whit 6 replicates and 22 birds per unit. Results. At 7 days old there was a difference (p&lt;0.05) in daily food intake, weight and weight gain and 14 days for weight, weight gain and mortality among diets. The feed conversion of 1-7 days did interaction (p&lt;0.05) between types of diet and promoters. There was a difference (p&lt;0.05) for weight and weight gain at 14 days of age between promoters. At 21 days of age presented mortality difference (p&lt;0.05) for the type of diets; weight, weight gain, daily feed together and feed conversion showed difference for 5337 developers. At 28, 35 and 42 days old mortality and productive efficiency index showed difference (p&lt;0.05) between the types of diets. Conclusions. The type of diet and growth promoter did not affect production variables, however, the viability improvement animal diets.

북방전복, Haliotis discus hannai 에 대한 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens의 probiotic 효과

Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59629, KoreaIn comparison to the numbers of such studies of fish, few studies have been carried out on the immunity, physiology and ecology of abalone, while studies on abalone disease are also extremely rare. Moreover, mass mortality of cultured abalone due to pathogenic bacteria has not been reported in the southern coast of Korea. However, Vibrio-like bacteria have been isolated from dead abalone, which indicates that a review is required in order to determine the cause of abalone mortality. Use of an antimicrobial agent to minimize the damage caused by disease in abalone farms is common, but the therapeutic effects are insignificant. Demand for probiotics has increased, but research on the development of probiotics for use in abalone culture is very rare. Therefore, the present study isolated KC16-2 from fermented kimchi soup and investigated the characteristics of the isolate as a candidate probiotic bacterium in abalone. KC16-2 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B. amyloliquefaciens KC16-2) based on its biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequence. B. amyloliquefaciens KC16-2 showed inhibitory effects against the growth of various vibrios in vitro, and kept the numbers constant until four days after inoculation in marine water at a temperature of 15～25℃, indicating the possible use of KC16-2 as a probiotic, except in the winter. The growth of KC16-2 was inhibited by bile salt, but the numbers increased over time suggesting the bacteria were still alive in the abalone's digestive tract. Abalone fed with a diet including KC16-2 for 12 weeks showed good growth, but showed no significant differences from the control group. However, the mortality of the abalone supplied the probiotic diet was reduced to half that of the control group in a challenge test with Vibrio tubiashii. Therefore, we suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens KC16-2 could be used as a probiotic bacterium for control of the mortality of abalone caused by opportunistic pathogenic vibrios.Key words: Abalone, Probiotics, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Vibrio tubiashii

Effects of probiotics dietary supplementation on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus

The effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of silver pomfret were investigated. Compared to the control, diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Clostridium butyricum caused significant improvements of growth performance, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate. A better growth performance among probiotic treatments was obtained in fish fed B. subtilis. To reveal the effects of these three probiotics on innate immunity of silver pomfret, lysozyme activity, SOD activity and IgM concentrations were examined. Results showed that silver pomfret fed diets containing C. butyricum, L. plantarum and B. subtilis had led to an enhanced innate response, notably higher lysozyme activity, SOD activity and IgM concentrations, as recorded after 30 and 60 days of feeding. In addition, study of different digestive enzymes viz lipase, protease and amylase activities showed significant higher values in fish fed the probiotic diets in comparison to the untreated group. These findings demonstrated that administration of C. butyricum, L. plantarum and B. subtilis can improve growth performance through enhanced immune response and digestive enzyme activity in silver pomfret. Furthermore, the B. subtilis is highly recommended as dietary probiotics in silver pomfret.

Impact of date palm fruits extracts and probiotic enriched diet on antioxidant status, innate immune response and immune-related gene expression of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

The application of additives in the diet as plants or extracts of plants as natural and innocuous compounds has potential in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and immunoprophylactics. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential effects of dietary supplementation of date palm fruit extracts alone or in combination with Pdp11 probiotic on serum antioxidant status, on the humoral and cellular innate immune status, as well as, on the expression levels of some immune-related genes in head-kidney and gut of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) after 2 and 4 weeks of administration. This study showed for the first time in European sea bass an immunostimulation in several of the parameters evaluated in fish fed with date palm fruits extracts enriched diet or fed with this substance in combination with Pdp 11 probiotic, mainly after 4 weeks of treatment. In the same way, dietary supplementation of mixture diet has positive effects on the expression levels of immune-related genes, chiefly in head-kidney of Dicentrarchus labrax. Therefore, the combination of both could be considered of great interest as potential additives for farmed fish.