Probable Research Articles

The Prevalence and Determinants of GDM among Pregnant Women’s in Obstetric Clinics at MCH Makkah City 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) used to be defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. It is associated with maternal and fetal complications. Screening for GDM and its risk factors is essential for the early diagnosis and management. Recently, the definition has evolved to distinguish women whose condition is a transient manifestation of pregnancy-related insulin resistance from those with probable preexisting diabetes that is first recognized during pregnancy. The physiological and hormonal change during pregnancy can lead to increase insulin resistance and production of glucose, if pancreas cannot secrete sufficient insulin to maintain blood glucose can cause impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women's in the obstetric clinics in MCH at Makkah city. Methodology: analytic cross sectional study was conducted among (147) pregnant women who attend obstetric clinics in the one-month using the simple has been random technique using random table generator. Maternal and children's hospital is the biggest hospital in Makkah and has 3 clinic per day. Results: A total of (170) participated in the study. Regarding age of these Only(46.5%)of the participated were(>35)years, the weight(current) the data ranged from(40to136)by mean +SD(72.905±16.167). While the weight before pregnancy the data ranged from (39to1727)by mean +SD(67.985±15.082). The age a significant relation between diabetic mellitus and age were P-value=0.001and X2(8.860) increase in >35years answer YES were(71.4%). Gravida show a significant relation between diabetic mellitus were P-value=0.036 and X2(10.255) increase in more than 4 answer YES were (57.1%). the gravida/para/abortus (GPA) results show a significant relation between diabetic mellitus and GPA were P-value=0.026 and X2(11.008) increase in zero answer NO were (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of of GDM among pregnant women's in obstetric clinics at MCH Makkah city 2019 was high. Previous history of GDM, antenatal family history of diabetes, low physical activity, overweight and/or obesity and inadequate dietary diversity were significantly associated with GDM. Routine screening of pregnant women and healthy lifestyle are strongly recommended.

Distribución del ingreso laboral y la pobreza en México durante la pandemia de la Covid-19. Escenarios e impactos potenciales

En este artículo estimamos la magnitud probable de los cambios en la distribución del ingreso, la pobreza y la pobreza extrema del país en las áreas metropolitanas del Valle de México, Guadalajara y Monterrey, así como en la Ciudad de México, de acuerdo con diferentes hipótesis de conducta del ingreso laboral basadas en información disponible hasta el inicio de la pandemia y que consideran los cierres de actividades llamadas no esenciales y el impacto de éstos en ocupaciones específicas. La pandemia apareció en el contexto de un incipiente proceso de aumento en los salarios reales y en el empleo iniciado en 2019; nuestros resultados muestran que el freno en las actividades derivado de la emergencia sanitaria, tanto en México como en el mundo, provocó el aumento de la pobreza y la extrema pobreza, además del crecimiento de la desigualdad medida por el índice de Gini.

Mucocele em paciente odontopediátrico: relato de caso

O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever um caso clínico sobre mucocele em paciente odontopediátrico. Paciente do gênero feminino, 7 anos de idade, leucoderma, procurou atendimento queixando-se de um incômodo no lábio inferior ao se alimentar. Ao exame clínico foi observado uma lesão circunscrita, de superfície lisa, consistência flutuante a palpação, com coloração semelhante à da mucosa, de aproximadamente 10 mm de diâmetro, localizada no lado esquerdo do lábio inferior. Após a anamnese e exame clínico, foi possível chegar ao diagnóstico provável de mucocele. O tratamento indicado foi a remoção cirúrgica total da lesão e encaminhamento para análise histopatológica. O resultado do exame histopatológico foi compatível com mucocele do tipo extravasamento de muco, com ausência de malignidade. Pode-se concluir que para o tratamento deste tipo de lesão a excisão cirúrgica completa é efetiva, visto que após um ano de tratamento não apresentou recorrência, demostrando sucesso na abordagem do caso descrito.

Probable annual maximum of daily snowfall using improved probability distribution

Probable annual maximum of daily snowfall using improved probability distribution

Evaluation of structural safety reduction due to water penetration into a major structural crack in a large concrete project

Structural damage to an arch dam is often of major concern and must be evaluated for probable rehabilitation to ensure safe, regular, normal operation. This evaluation is crucial to prevent any catastrophic or failure consequences for the life time of the dam. If specific major damage such as a large crack occurs to the dam body, the assessments will be necessary to determine the current level of safety and predict the resistance of the structure to various future loading such as earthquakes, etc. This study investigates the behavior of an arch dam cracked due to water pressure. Safety factors (SFs), of shear and compressive tractions were calculated at the surfaces of the contraction joints and the cracks. The results indicated that for cracking with an extension depth of half the thickness of the dam body, for both cases of penetration and non-penetration of water load into the cracks, SFs only slightly reduces. However, in case of increasing the depth of crack extension into the entire thickness of the dam body, the friction angle of the cracked surface is crucial; however, if it reduces, the normal loading SFs of stresses and joints tractions reduce significantly.

Первые результаты ведения больных двухсторонней пневмонией, вызванной подтвержденной или вероятной новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, в перепрофилированном отделении Российского геронтологического научно-клинического центра

Первые результаты ведения больных двухсторонней пневмонией, вызванной подтвержденной или вероятной новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, в перепрофилированном отделении Российского геронтологического научно-клинического центра

Fatores associados à ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar fatores associados à ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários. Estudo quantitativo, transversal e observacional o qual participaram 1.245 adultos universitários, de diferentes áreas do conhecimento de uma instituição de ensino superior do noroeste do Paraná. Foi utilizado um questionário elaborado pelos próprios autores com questões referentes ao sexo, idade, área do curso, e ano que estava matriculado. Como instrumento foi utilizado a Escala Hospitalar de “Anxiety and Depression” (HAD), adaptada para o âmbito educacional. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis e “U” de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado (p <0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os estudantes com classificação provável de depressão (Md=24,3) apresentaram maior índice de massa corporal (IMC) do que os estudantes com classificação improvável (Md=23,0) e possível (Md=23,5). Verificou-se maior proporção de estudantes com provável ansiedade e depressão entre as mulheres (77,7%) e os estudantes da área de humanas e sociais (65,6%). Concluiu-se que o IMC, sexo e a área de conhecimento parecem estar associados à ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially life-threatening entity resulting from the dysregulated activation of T-lymphocytes. Secondary HLH (sHLH) complicates various medical conditions. Similar to 2009 H1N1 influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection appears to trigger a cytokine storm in a subset of individuals. The patient of 64 years old presented himself in the emergency department with cough and fever, and was subjected to the nasopharyngeal swab and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, as expected from epidemiological data. Hospitalized in cohort isolation, he initially presented a multi-organ impairment and specifically a worsening of his renal function, initial coagulopathy, lymphopenia modest thrombocytopenia and systemic inflammatory commitment. During the course of the 6th day, a picture of a probable cytokine storm and clear multiple organ failure (MOF) was evident. Therefore a clinical diagnosis was made according to HScore criteria of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. We started high-dose steroid therapy (dexamethasone 8 mg bid). And after 36 h, the patient was significantly improved: alert, oriented, weaned from non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and stable blood chemistry. In conclusion, in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients with evidence of cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the levels of blood triglycerides and ferritin are useful and often decisive to comfort the diagnosis of sHLH if cytopenia of one or more lines is revealed. J Med Cases. 2020;11(10):327-329 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3515

Effect of Time Management and Monetary Rewards on Cognitive Task Accomplishment among Students of Nnamdi Azikiwe Secondary School, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

Good secondary education is critical to higher education and career paths. Many University secondary/high schools have distinguished themselves with good management leading to excellent performance of their students. However, it is worrisome why the performance of some students in such high impacting schools cannot average. In view of this problem, this study explored differences in cognitive task accomplishment as probable part of the causes; and evaluated time management and monetary rewards as factors. The design for the study was non-randomized control group, pre-test, post-test quasi experimental design utilizing analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) as statistical tool. Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select 90 students from the population of 145 JS2 students of Nnamdi Azikiwe Secondary School, Awka. Three hypotheses guided the study while the Fifteen Puzzle Cognitive Task developed by Chapman (1874) to test for spatial ability in children was adopted as the instrument for engaging the participants in cognitive task ability using two experimental and two control groups. Result indicated that groups with better time management was better in cognitive task accomplishment but monetary reward was not a strong force for better performance in cognitive task accomplishment among secondary school students. The result implies that many of the participants have difficulty solving an academic within the allowed time. It is recommended while emphasizing other aspects of scholarship for improving better performance of students, students need to be trained on time management as to improve the minimum time they take to solve an academic problem both in in-course assessments and during examinations.

State-dependent memory and its modulation by different brain areas and neurotransmitters.

The state-dependent memory defines as a state that the retrieval of recently obtained information may be potential if the subject exists in a similar physiological situation as for the period of the encoding stage. Studies revealed that exogenous and endogenous compounds could induce state-dependent memory. The state-dependent memory made it probable to differentiate the effects of drugs per se on learning from the effects due to alterations in drug state during the task. Studies proposed the role of regions beyond the limbic formation and illustrated that state-dependent memory produced by various neurotransmitter systems and pharmacological compounds. Our review of the literature revealed that: (a) re-administration of drugs on the same state induce state-dependent memory; (b) many neurotransmitters induce endogenous state-dependent memory; (c) there are cross state-dependent learning and memory between some drugs; (d) some sites of the brain including the CA1 areas of the hippocampus, central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), septum, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAC) are involved in state-dependent memory. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).

Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. e de microrganismos indicadores de qualidade em ovos comercializados na Região Metropolitana de São Luís, Maranhão

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de ovos in natura de diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais da Região Metropolitana de São Luís, MA. Foram analisados 800 ovos obtidos de mercados públicos, supermercados varejistas, supermercados atacadistas e mercearias. As amostras do conteúdo interno dos ovos foram analisadas quanto a contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas (CBHAM), Staphylococcus spp., bolores e leveduras, Número Mais Provável (NMP/mL) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, e pesquisa de Salmonella spp., por métodos convencionais. Amostras da casca dos ovos foram avaliados particularmente para pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados para a contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas foi de 102 a 104 UFC/mL, de Staphylococcus spp. foi de 101 a 102 UFC/mL e de bolores e leveduras foi 101 a 102 UFC/mL. Os resultados mostraram que 12,5% (5/40) das amostras apresentaram contaminação para coliformes totais e 5% (2/40) com presença de coliformes termotolerantes. A bactéria Salmonella spp. foi isolada em 12,5% (5/40) do conteúdo interno e 17,5% (7/40) no conteúdo externo de ovos. Concluiu-se que os ovos in natura comercializados na Região Metropolitana de São Luís apresentaram risco de veiculação de enteropatógenos, independentemente do tipo de estabelecimento comercial, e os locais de comercialização apresentaram condições ambientais favoráveis ao crescimento microbiano.

A Survey of Emerging Cyber Crimes and Their Probable Solutions

A Survey of Emerging Cyber Crimes and Their Probable Solutions

Case-Based Reasoning for Support of the Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases.

In this paper we present a decision support system, which has been designed and implemented on the case-based reasoning principles. Our decision support system is being implemented in tight cooperation with the cardiologist, who represents the main future users of the system. Our system enables its user to find the most similar historical cases to a new patient, suggest the most probable result of the potential coronary angiography examination and also provide various useful visualizations to the cardiologist, who is responsible for the final decision about recommending the coronary angiography or not for the new patient. The first response from the cardiologist about our system is very promising.

Analysis of KRT5 and KRT14 gene mutations and mode of inheritance in Iranian patients with clinical suspicion of Epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex is a hereditary skin disorder caused by mutations in several genes such as KRT5 and KRT14 . Skin fragility in basal keratinocytes presence regions led to the cytolysis of epidermis and blistering. Aim of this study was to detect the molecular defects in KRT5 and KRT14 genes hot spots in patients with clinical suspicion of EBS and investigation of their probable genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods: Exons 1 and 6-7 of KRT5 and exons 1 and 4-7 of KRT14 amplification and mutation detection were performed by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Novel variants pathogenicity evaluated by bioinformatics tools. Results: Nine important variants detected in seven different patients within 6 Iranian families affected by Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, of which four variants were novel. Three patients had a mottled pigmentation phenotype [G96D (p.Gly96Asp) and F97I (p.Phe97Ile) in KRT5 ]. One of them showed a Dowling–Meara phenotype [A417P (p.Ala417Pro) and E477D (p.Glu477Asp) in KRT5 ] and another had a Koebner type phenotype [R397I (p.Arg397Ile) and Q444* (p.Gln444Ter) in KRT5 ]. A novel variant [G92E (p.Gly92Glu) in KRT5 ] in a double heterozygous state with a challenging variant [A413T (p.Ala413Thr) in KRT14 ] identified in one patient with Koebner type phenotype. Also, a previously reported mutation [I377T (p.Ile377Thr) in KRT14 gene] identified in this study. Conclusion: The results of molecular data analysis showed that the most severe phenotypes were associated with mutations in highly conserved regions. In some cases, different inheritance modes were observed.

Determination of hydrocarbon potentials in parts of Sokoto Basin, Northwestern Nigeria using spectral analysis technique

In this work, an attempt was made to estimate the depth to magnetic source and by inference, the thickness of sediments within parts of the Sokoto Basin, Northwestern Nigeria. Aeromagnetic data of Tambuwal (Sheet 50) was acquired, processed and interpreted. The regional field was separated from the total magnetic intensity (TMI) and the magnetic anomaly was obtained. The anomaly map was upward continued and divided into overlapping square grids of 27.5 km x 27.5 km. Spectral depth analysis was then carried out on each grid to infer areas of probable hydrocarbon prospects. The result of the spectral method indicated high sedimentation, generally greater than 2.00 km, trending NE-SW through the central portions. The central, particularly around Dogon Marke town and its environs, have the highest thickness of sediments (2.4 km). In conclusion, the central portion of the study area, particularly around Dogon Marke town and its environs has the highest prospect for hydrocarbon.

Blue Sheep Resource Selection in Alpine Grasslands of a Western Himalayan Landscape - A Point Process Approach.

In-depth knowledge of distribution and factors influencing it is important for species conservation and management. Many forms of such data have led to the development of new analytical techniques for better interpretation. For mountainous terrains with certain limitations, species data are obtained in the presence-only form. The point process model is one of the recent approaches for modelling such data, taking care of pseudo-absences and spatial independence. For conservation in regions with limited resources and species with similar ecological requirements, it is important to properly assess the extent of competition extent between wild and domestic species. We attempted to use point process framework to estimate the function of resource selection in blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in areas influenced by pastoralism in a western Himalayan region. Our study is the first attempt to use this framework to estimate resource selection on a dataset not collected using radio-telemetry. Spatial locations of blue sheep and livestock and a background sample of random points with six topographic covariates were used to model resource selection probability via intensity function. Blue sheep showed its predicted presence in areas with open vegetation coinciding with alpine meadows, influenced by southern aspect keeping a threshold distance of 600-1000 m from cliffs (escape terrain). Livestock, also showed presence probability in open vegetation, but at lower altitudes, mainly on valley floors. Our results suggest that though blue sheep continued to use the same habitat type after livestock arrival, they selected different resources based on topographic factors. Livestock were in areas where it was convenient for pastoralists to establish campsites and where nutritious grasses were present, making it feasible to graze. Thus, we argue that the probable shift in habitat for blue sheep from optimal areas occurs due to livestock presence, which might disturb their nutritional balance. Our study provides helpful insights for managing rangelands, which when tied with dietary patterns will give a better idea for proper conservation measures in the future.

Life and Death and the University

The ‘totally pedagogised society’ might be considered an age after pre-pedagogical ancient literacy, the pedagogy of early universities and the utilitarianism of mass education, an age in which education has become a battle over the social futures of a ‘people to come.’ Here we concern ourselves with the neoliberal subjection of education to systems of economic measure, or ‘econometrics,’ that increasingly determine what is valuable and what is valued. Such systems have ‘ascriptive’ force in that they prescribe criteria for all kinds of educational performance. ‘Scripts’ like KPIs, evaluations, rankings, surveys, reports, reviews and so on, now digitised and constantly self-upgrading, enlist university workers in a neoliberal regime of measured and enhanced performance. More than that, they inscribe a certain ‘distribution of the sensible,’ a way of thinking, feeling and acting, that is not only textual but architectonic. In the same way as writing as mission, strategy and policy models buildings, buildings model a way of thinking, feeling and acting. Education becomes increasingly a matter of ‘built pedagogy.’ And the idea of education that most new university buildings instantiate is that education is about investment – both economic and emotional – that pays, rather than about imagination, which produces less marketable returns. In university environments today, we see a conflict between probable and possible futures: the former occupies itself with what is measurable and thus marketable in education; the latter, with education as the capacity to imagine new worlds. In the conflict between the two – probable and possible worlds – lies the life and/or death of the university.

Assessment of adverse drug reactions in patients on cardiovascular drugs: A prospective study

Objectiv: To quantify ADRs in patients on cardiovascular drugs and to assess their severity. Materials and Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 265 inpatients on cardiovascular drugs from a tertiary care center were included in this prospective study. All patients were assessed for occurrence of ADR and followed up till the recovery of the ADR. Causality assessment of ADR was done, severity of ADR was graded, and preventability of ADR was assessed. Results: In the present study, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Out of 265 patients screened, 137 (51.69%) had 245 ADRs. About 175 (71%) ADRs were due to antihypertensives, 175 (71%). On causality assessment of these ADRs, 230 (94%) were found to be possible and 15 (6%) probable. Two hundred and nine (85%) ADRs were mild, 34 (14%) were moderate, and 2 (1%) were severe. The most common ADR encountered in the study was giddiness due to various classes of antihypertensives in 26% about patients. Conclusions: Among the cardiovascular system drugs, antihypertensives were the most common group of drugs to cause giddiness as ADR. Majority of the ADRs had a score of “possible” because of concomitant medications.

Editorial ReDeA Nº 14

La pandemia se ha globalizado. Se produjo la chispa viral en China hacia fines de 2019 y se expande por el mundo con una velocidad de propagación, en ocasiones, superior a las propias habilidades para comprender sus causas. No se sabe ni se sabrá con seguridad la etiología del contagio, acaso haya sido consecuencia “natural” de un descuido “natural”. La humanidad, acrecentada en el siglo XXI por la revolución tecnológica, asiste con miedo y esperanza a la propagación del mal. Una peste que tiene un momento probable de nacimiento, pero que se desconoce su momento de caducidad y mejor aún, su control. Las ciencias, por ahora, carecen de vacuna. Se arguye que la enfermedad viral no se encuentra en los libros de Medicina, aunque haya diversas contribuciones científicas con rasgos anticipatorios. Los conjurados para acabar con ella, quizás los gobernantes de cada país, no actúan globalmente. Cada gobierno de cada Estado instrumenta su propia política. Así, hay un modelo de Corea del Sur; un modelo alemán; un modelo chino; un modelo estadounidense; un modelo inglés; y, fatalmente, un modelo italiano y español. “Nuestra Italia amada”, hasta el correr de estas letras, no tiene ni vacunas ni letanías para detener el mayor número de personas fallecidas por el mal.

Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection - Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice.

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19) is the most urgent health emergency worldwide and all professionals are called to give support in the diagnosis and treatment of patients affected by this disease. The Scientific Society of Hospital Legal Medicine of the National Health System (COMLAS) and the Italian Society of Anatomical Pathology and Cytology (SIAPEC) produced this document with the intent of offering a technical support to professional involved in the autoptic activities during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic infection.