Probable Bruxism Research Articles

Pressure Algometry Evaluation of Two Occlusal Splint Designs in Bruxism Management-Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of two different occlusal devices and their impact on the pressure pain threshold (PPT) values among patients who reported to the Dental Prosthetics Outpatient Clinic of Pomeranian Medical University (Szczecin, Poland) and who were diagnosed with probable bruxism. Two groups were formed (A and B) to which patients were assigned randomly. Each group used a different occlusal splint for bruxism management. The occlusal appliance by Okeson, or the bimaxillary splint, was used overnight by each patient for 30 days of the study. The PPT was measured twice, at the first visit and after 30 days of using each occlusal device, with Wagner Paintest FPX 25 algometer. Bruxism was diagnosed based on data from the patient’s medical history and from the physical examination. Nocturnal Bruxism Criteria according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (Third Edition) was used for the patient’s evaluation. Results: similar pain factor (PF) reduction was observed in both the examined groups, regardless of the device used; canine guidance and no guidance were similarly effective in terms of increasing pain resilience.

Assessment of the association between the prevalence of Bruxism and Orofacial Factors in children from Santos, Brazil: A cross-sectional study

Objective: The aim of the present study to assess the association between the prevalence of probable bruxism and orofacial factors in children three to nine years of age. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 children who sought treatment at the paediatric dental clinic of the Metropolitan University of Santos in 2017. The guardians filled out a questionnaire designed using the criteria of the American Association of Sleep Medicine for the diagnosis of bruxism. The participants were also submitted to a clinical examination for the evaluation of malocclusion. Results: The obtained results were computed and statistical analysis was carried out adopting a level of significance of 95%. Results: The prevalence of bruxism among the children was 39,2%; 17.5% in the primary dentition and 21.6% in the mixed dentition. The analysis revealed that bruxism was associated with headache (OR=2.63; 95 CI:1.1-5.8) and open bite (OR=3.23; 95CI:1.16-8.94). Conclusion: There is a strong association between bruxism and headache, and bruxism and open bite in children.

Cortisol salival en niños con y sin bruxismo

Objetivo: evaluar y comparar valores de facetas de desgaste y de cortisol salival en niños con y sin bruxismo posible y con bajos y altos niveles de inestabilidad emocional. Métodos: Se recolectaron datos en 17 niños sanos con bruxismo posible (B) según la lista de comportamientos orales de los Criterios Diagnósticos para Trastornos Temporomandibulares, diferenciando bruxismo de sueño (BS) y de vigilia (BV). Se aparearon por género y edad con un grupo control, sin reporte de bruxismo (C). Cinco odontopediatras identificaron facetas de desgaste con el índice de desgaste dentario (IDD) (kappa interobservador 0,94). El dosaje de cortisol se realizó con saliva completa matinal mediante electro-quimio-luminiscencia. La inestabilidad emocional (Ie) se evaluó en los mayores de 8 años con el cuestionario “Big Five” de personalidad para niños y adolescentes. Resultados: La edad media fue 11,3±2,7, con 59,6 % de género femenino. En el grupo de bruxismo; Original35,3 % reportó BS, 35,3 % BS + BV y 29,4 % BV. No se hallaron diferencias en el desgaste promedio para dientes primarios (p=0,3858) ni para permanentes (p=0,7478) entre ambos grupos. La media de cortisol salival fue 0,181 ± 0,183 para el grupo de estudio y 0,183 ± 0,161 para el grupo control (p=0,9863). Para la Inestabilidad emocional baja la media de niveles de cortisol fue 0,142 ± 0,08 ug/dl y en Ie alta 0,149 ± 0,07 (p=0,0437). Todos los pacientes con BS + BV, presentaron inestabilidad emocional alta (p= 0,006). Conclusiones: El desgaste en ambas denticiones no mostró diferencias significativas. Los valores de cortisol salival obtenidos en este estudio no permitirían considerarlo factor relevante para el diagnóstico de bruxismo. En condiciones de inestabilidad emocional extremas se hallaron diferencias en los niveles de cortisol salival y en la frecuencia que reportan ambos tipos de bruxismo.

Association of probable bruxism with periodontal status: A cross-sectional study in patients seeking periodontal care.

The goals of this study were to investigate the prevalence of probable bruxism in a group of patients seeking a periodontal care and the association between probable bruxism and periodontal status. The results of previous studies evaluating the relationship between bruxism and periodontitis are contradictory. In addition, the relationship between probable bruxism and periodontitis in adults has not been evaluated, yet. Therefore, new studies are required in this field to clarify the relationship between bruxism and periodontitis. Patients seeking periodontal care at a university periodontology unit were considered in this study. Their periodontal diagnosis, number of missing teeth, presence of probable bruxism, and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. The periodontal status of each study participant was defined according to the latest consensus of the American Association of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology, and the 2018 consensus report on the assessment of bruxism was used to evaluate probable bruxism. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of bruxism on periodontitis. A total of 541 patients (289 females and 252 males, mean age 42.1±15.9years) were enrolled in the present study. The prevalence of probable bruxism was 36.6%. Additionally, 40.9% of the study population was diagnosed with periodontitis. The probable bruxers were older (P<0.001), had a higher number of missing teeth (P<0.001), and had poor periodontal status (P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that probable bruxism was associated with periodontitis, after adjusting relevant factors (odds ratio: 2.243, 95% CI: 1.465-3.434, P<0.001). It was observed that the prevalence of probable bruxism was 36.6% and probable bruxers showed higher odds of periodontitis. Future studies with prospective randomized design should be conducted to confirm these results among a larger study population.

Determinants of probable sleep bruxism in a pediatric mixed dentition population: a multivariate analysis of mouth vs. nasal breathing, tongue mobility, and tonsil size

ObjectivesThis study aims to identify structural and functional craniofacial characteristics that correlate with higher incidence of ‘probable’ sleep bruxism in children. MethodsFrom March 2018 until March 2019, a cross-sectional clinical study was performed with ninety-six healthy children ages 6–12 years who presented for routine dental examination at the UCLA pediatric dental clinic. Variables of interest included: (1) assessment of probable bruxism based on parental awareness on the frequency of tooth grinding during sleep and clinical signs of bruxism based on tooth wear; (2) parental reports of mouth breathing while awake and asleep, snoring during sleep, difficulty breathing and/or gasping for air during sleep; (3) parental reports of psychosocial distress; (4) assessment of tonsil hypertrophy, tongue mobility, and nasal obstruction. Three pediatric dental residents were calibrated to perform the clinical data collection. All dental residents were graduated dentists with licensure and at least one year of experience examining children. The methodology to take the specific measurements administered in the manuscript were calibrated between the data-collectors under the supervision of a board-certified pediatric dentist and orthodontist (AY). ResultsThe mean age of individuals was 8.9 (SD = 1.9) years with a gender distribution of 46 males and 50 females. There were 23 out of the 96 (24%) individuals who met the diagnostic criteria for probable sleep bruxism (PSB). Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) scores were significantly elevated among children positive for PSB, indicating that they are at higher risk for sleep disturbances (PSB-positive: 45.1 ± 13.0, PSB-negative: 34.8 ± 5.5; p < 0.0001). Impaired nasal breathing, parental reports of mouth breathing when awake or asleep, restricted tongue mobility, and tonsillar hypertrophy were found to be significant risk factors for PSB. Exploratory analysis further suggests a synergistic effect between tonsil hypertrophy, restricted tongue mobility, and nasal obstruction. The incidence of probable sleep bruxism among individuals without any of the exam findings of tonsillar hypertrophy, restricted tongue mobility, and nasal obstruction was 5/58 (8.6%), whereas the incidence of PSB among individuals with all three exam findings was 10/11 (90.9%), p < 0.0001. Among the 23 individuals with PSB, however, there were n = 5 (21.7%) who did not have any of the three exam findings, suggesting an additional role of psychosocial distress, postural maladaptation, malocclusion, or other factors in the etiology of sleep bruxism. ConclusionThis study shows that tonsil hypertrophy, restricted tongue mobility, and nasal obstruction may have a synergistic association on the presentation of PSB. Dentists should evaluate for tonsillar hypertrophy, restricted tongue mobility, and nasal obstruction in the evaluation of PSB, as these exam findings are highly prevalent in the majority of cases.

Behavioral and clinical aspects associated with probable sleep bruxism in early childhood

Abstract Introduction Although many studies are being carried out with sleep bruxism, the literature points to a lack of studies with methodological quality in children. Objective To evaluate the behavioral and clinical aspects associated with probable sleep bruxism in early childhood. Material and method A cross-sectional observational study carried out with 371 children between 4 and 6 years of age. Parents answered a questionnaire with aspects related to their children's sleep behavior. Among the clinical characteristics, the presence of lip sealing, clicking, teeth marks on the jugal mucosa, and the side of the tongue was evaluated. Tooth wear was assessed using the BEWE index criteria. Simple logistic regression models were adjusted for each independent variable, estimating the gross odds ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals. Variables with P &lt;0.20 in the individual analyzes were adjusted in a multiple logistic regression model, with those with P ≤ 0.05 remaining in the model. Result 42.4% of parents reported that their children gritted their teeth while sleeping. Children who showed wear on their teeth were 1.53 times more likely to grind their teeth. There was no significant association with the other variables analyzed (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion Behavioral aspects were not associated with probable sleep bruxism. Among the clinical characteristics evaluated, tooth wear showed an association, which may indicate the probable bruxism of sleep in early childhood.

A randomised, open-label, crossover study of the dopamine agonist, pramipexole, in patients with sleep bruxism.

Sleep bruxism bears several similarities to restless legs syndrome, and a link to changes in central dopamine activity has been considered in both conditions. The dopamine agonist pramipexole is currently indicated for the symptomatic treatment of restless legs. The effect of pramipexole on sleep bruxism was investigated in subjects with 'probable bruxism' recruited at the Orofacial Pain Clinic. Thirteen patients underwent polysomnographic recordings, including bilateral masseter electromyographic activity. Following habituation to the recording equipment, a baseline registration was used to confirm bruxism [total episodes per hour, mean 11.3 (6.3)]. Following randomisation, subjects received no treatment or pramipexole titrated from 0.09 to 0.54mg, o.d., for 3weeks according to a crossover procedure. A polysomnographic-electromyographic registration was performed at the end of each period. Pramipexole was associated with more frequent awakenings and a reduction in rapid eye movement sleep (both P≤0.02). Sleep apnea decreased marginally after pramipexole (apnea-hypopnea index 17.1 compared with control 21.5, P≤0.05). The number of bruxism episodes, phasic, tonic and mixed per hour, remained unchanged after pramipexole [total episodes per hour 12.7 (8.5) and 9.8 (5.2) during pramipexole and control conditions, respectively]. It is concluded, from this pilot study, that sleep bruxism is not affected by the dopaminergic agent, pramipexole.

Prevalence and potential factors associated with probable sleep or awake bruxism and dentin hypersensitivity in undergraduate students

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of probable sleep or awake bruxism and cervical dentin hypersensitivity of undergraduate students and to determine the symptoms associated with these conditions.METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study. A diagnosis of probable bruxism was reached when students reported clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep and/or wakefulness, and when they also presented some of the signs and symptoms of bruxism and masseter muscle pain on palpation. Cervical dentinal hypersensitivity was diagnosed by testing for sensitivity to pain in the cervical region of the teeth. Pain was triggered either by touch (using a #5 probe) or by an air jet spray. The sample consisted of 306 university students aged between 19 and 35 years old. The data were stored and analysed using SPSS software, version 15.0 for Windows.RESULT: The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.3%, with no predominance regarding sex. Probable awake bruxism was more prevalent (61.9%), mostly occurring when the individual reported being in a state of mental concentration (63.1%). There was no association between probable sleep or awake bruxism and dentin hypersensitivity (p = 0.195). Individuals with probable sleep bruxism had increased odds of having muscular pain in the face upon waking (OR = 14.14, 95% CI 5.06-39.55), and those with probable awake bruxism had a increased odds of having facial muscle fatigue when chewing or talking for a long time (OR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.53-5.43) and muscular pain in the face upon waking (OR = 5.31, 95% CI 1.93-14.62).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.3% and that of HDC was 57.8%, with 22.2% of these subjects also showing probable bruxism. Individuals with probable bruxism tended to have a higher odds of facial pain when they awakened and when chewing or talking for long periods. There were no associations between probable sleep and awake bruxism and cervical dentin hypersensitivity.