Probable Attacks Research Articles

A new algorithm on Graphical User Authentication(GUA)based on multi-line grids

Today user authentication stands out as one of the most essential areas in information security which has several ways of being implemented. From time in memorial authentication schemes that apply strong text-based passwords have been typically expected to offer some assurance of security. But committing to memory such strong passwords can prove to be quite a daunting task thus forcing users to resort to writing them down on pieces of papers or even storing them onto a computer file. As a means of thwarting such habits, graphical authentication has been proposed as a replacement for text-based authentication. This has been spurred by the fact the humans have a natural inclination to remember images more easily than text. Most Information Communication and Telecommunication (ICT) environments in the last 20 years have tried to implement graphical user authentication schemes. The effectiveness of a graphical password is measured by its level of usability and security. Despite there being many existing algorithms most have failed to achieve both aspects simultaneously. To start with this paper reviews the pure and cued recall-based algorithms graphical password authentication schemes together with their shortcomings and probable attacks. Thereafter a comparative analysis of all Recall-Based algorithms based on attack patterns of graphical user authentication is tabulated. This is then followed by a discussion on the newly proposed algorithm that is based on a multi size grid and its evaluation by an attacker team. Finally, a comparison of the newly proposed algorithm and previous algorithms will be evaluated in a table. Key words: Recall-based GUA, pure recall-based algorithm, cued recall-based algorithm, graphical password, usability, security, attack patterns.

Watermark-Only Security Attack on DM-QIM Watermarking

This paper addresses the security of a specific class of common watermarking methods based on Dither modulation-quantisation index modulation (DM-QIM) and focusing on watermark-only attacks (WOA). The vulnerabilities of and probable attacks on lattice structure based watermark embedding methods have been presented in the literature. DM-QIM is one of the best known lattice structure based watermarking techniques. In this paper, the authors discuss a watermark-only attack scenario (the attacker has access to a single watermarked content only). In the literature it is an assumption that DM-QIM methods are secure to WOA. However, the authors show that the DM-QIM based embedding method is vulnerable against a guided key guessing attack by exploiting subtle statistical regularities in the feature space embeddings for time series and images. Using a distribution-free algorithm, this paper presents an analysis of the attack and numerical results for multiple examples of image and time series data.

Preliminary risk analysis for LNG tankers approaching a maritime terminal

LNG ships may represent a remarkable risk source, especially when approaching a land terminal, not only due to the possible occurrence of maritime accident, but also since they may represent a suitable target for terrorist attacks. A preliminary risk analysis for LNG ships approaching the Panigaglia terminal is carried out: based on literature data and on the characteristics of the location, a spill originated from a sea accident can be excluded; on the contrary, intentional damages may cause the release of a large amount of LNG, giving rise to a pool fire. Consequence analysis shows that dangerous thermal effects are expected within a radius of 700–1500 m; in the location under exam, the impact on resident population will be negligible, for the most probable attack site, and marginal for an occasionally used anchorage, which should be no longer allowed.

Federal Funding and Supportive Policies for Research

TODAY, THE UNITED STATES IS ONLY ONE DECADE REmoved from what was then a forecast of difficult meager times for the national investment in medical and scientific research. In 1995, the US House of Representatives budget resolution called for a cut in funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of 5% for fiscal year (FY) 1996 and a freeze on NIH funding through FY 2000. However, the NIH received an increase of almost 6% for FY 1996, followed by 7% increases in the following 2 years when the economy was not yet strong. Those years of increases were followed by the remarkable feat of doubling the NIH budget over 5 years—FYs 1999-2003. Bad news can be turned into good news, bad numbers into better, even pacesetting ones. Influencing the impact of current political and economic realities on the United States investment in research requires recognition of some somber realities. Now, the nation is engaged in a costly war; is attempting to protect itself from probable terrorist attacks; has an exploding population of senior citizens who, remarkably, given not-so-distant history, now live for decades with chronic diseases; and now has recordbreaking federal budget deficits. Although the priorities in competition for financial resources may be different today than in decades past, the United States has been and will always be a nation with competing priorities. Members of the US Congress and appropriators specifically are charged with establishing priorities for expenditure of the nation’s fiscal resources. The administration and Congress must be continually informed of the very high priority the public consistently assigns to investment in research. Success is achieved by those who fight for what they believe in and who are willing to work to translate beliefs into reality. The enormous promise of medical and scientific research—in both lifesaving and economic terms—will not be realized without the hard work and smart work of a unified constituency committed to advancing science and saving lives.

Quantum-chemical study of the protonation of pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole and its selenium and tellurium analogs

The possibility of proton attack on various centers in pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole (1) has been evaluated. The results of semiempirical (MNDO, AM1, and PM3) andab initio (6-31G*) calculations were compared. The MNDO and 6-31G* methods give “chemically proper” and qualitatively coincident results. Analysis of the intramolecular (geometric and electronic) reorganization of molecule1, depending on the protonation center, has been carried out. The most probable attack centers, depending on the mechanism of electrophilic reaction, have been recognized. The energy parameters of intramolecular prototropic rearrangements in cation1 and the “blocking” factor value of methyl groups reducting the corresponding complex stability have been evaluated. It has been established that the relative stability of the protonated forms does not change on going to pyrrolo[2,1-b]selenium- and telluriumazoles, but the range of variations is considerably narrowed in the series S>Se>Te.

End‐group analysis of poly(phenyl glycidyl ether), 3. Isopropoxy and chlorine groups using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance

AbstractNon‐hydroxylic end‐groups in the soluble fraction of poly(phenyl glycidyl ether) (PPGE) obtained with the aluminium isopropoxide (AIP)/ZnCl2 initiator system are studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. To make assignments, model compounds are synthesized and several PPGEs are prepared with various initiator systems. Isopropoxy and chlorine groups are identified and quantified using NMR spectroscopy and microcoulometry, respectively. Primary and secondary carbons attached directly to OiPr and Cl are detected by NMR spectroscopy, but, as can be expected, the primary ones are more plentiful due to the fact that they come from the more probable attack in this mechanism of ring‐opening. Other unsaturated terminal groups are also investigated but their presence cannot be detected.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of cumyl arenesulfonates with anilines

The nucleophilic substitution reaction of cumyl arenesulfonate with aniline has been investigated. The reaction in acetonitrile proceeds by the SN2 mechanism with probable frontside nucleophilic attack. The large magnitude of ρxz(=–0.75) obtained results in an observable sign reversal of ρz at x= 0.83, with a negative ρz value for σx > x. This rather unusual phenomenon can be rationalized by a strong interaction between the nucleophile and leaving group due to their close proximity in the transition state, which in turn is a result of the frontside nucleophilic attack. The reactions in methanol indicate that the SN1 channel competes with the SN2 pathway and ion-pair return is observed when the aniline nucleophile concentration is low.

Structure électronique des dianions B12H122− et B9C2Hn2−

MS-Xα molecular orbital calculations have been performed on the dianions B12H122− and B9C2H112−. Their electronic structures are discussed in terms of group charge distributions. For the dicarbollide ion, this study indicates a most probable electrophilic attack on the boron site opposite to the C—C bond, on the pentagonal face.

The insect infestation of the wood

The waterlogged wood from Wotter Common was examined for signs of possible insect attack. The wood from over forty samples ranged from artifacts (including the possible ard) to small branches and twigs. Probable insect attack was identified from channels visible in cross section (apparently representing galleries excavated by the larvae of wood boring insects) and holes on the surface which resemble the flight holes of the adults. In many cases the soft waterlogged wood showed signs of penetration by plant roots which produce similar channelling to insect boring. It was not always possible to identify the original cause, but plant roots had occasionally survived in the channels and were also suggested were groups ran in parallel across the rays.

Exercise myoglobinuria.

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 November 1972Exercise MyoglobinuriaM. C. KOSHY, M.D., DONALD SILVERMAN, M.D., JAMES M. GRANT, M.D.M. C. KOSHY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD SILVERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES M. GRANT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-5-817_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A case of exercise-induced myoglobinuria reported by Robert W. Hamilton and associates (77:77-82, 1972) prompts us to report a similar case of our own.A 25-year-old white man was admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital, Bridgeport, with rhabdomyolysis. He rapidly developed respiratory paralysis and acute renal failure. There were no apparent precipitating causes except a probable attack of viral respiratory infection (1). However, a year ago he was treated here for rhabdomyolysis after muscular exercise in a football game, but without renal tubular necrosis or other complications.The laboratory data included persistent hyperkalemia, which required K+ free peritoneal...Reference1. SIMONROVNERBERLIN NRB: Acute myoglobinuria associated with type A2 (Hong Kong) influenza. JAMA 212: 1704-1705, 1970 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: M. C. KOSHY, M.D.; DONALD SILVERMAN, M.D.; JAMES M. GRANT, M.D.Affiliations: Bridgeport Hospital 267 Grant Street Bridgeport, Conn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRhabdomyolysis And Myoglobinuria in ChildhoodExercise Myoglobinuria 1 November 1972Volume 77, Issue 5Page: 817-818KeywordsAcute renal failureExerciseGamesNecrosisParalysisResearch laboratoriesRhabdomyolysisUpper respiratory tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...

Second attacks of poliomyelitis; report of a case with autopsy findings.

Second attacks of poliomyelitis have been reported infrequently. In 1948, Fox and his associates 1 reviewed the literature, noted 21 second attacks of poliomyelitis, and added one. Fifteen other cases were listed as doubtful. Besides those series, seven reliable and two probable second attacks have been recorded. Bridges and others 2 reported four second attacks and two questionable ones. Alves and Pugh, 3 Wyllie, 4 and Ashley, 5 have each reported one case. Thus, to date there have been 29 second attacks of poliomyelitis and 17 doubtful second attacks cited in the literature. Careful analysis of the reported second attacks reveals that in only one instance previously regarded as authentic did the second attack terminate fatally. In no case have autopsy findings been reported. Furthermore, in the fatal case cited by Fischer and Stillerman 6 it is questionable whether the patient ever had the disease previously. In that instance the

Loeffler's syndrome: Report of two cases, one with recurrent features, and one associated with hay fever

1. 1. Two cases of Loeffler's syndrome are presented. The first, in an asthmatic patient, was characterized by two successive and recent attacks, and one probable attack four years previously. The second case, in a hay fever patient, was probably due to a hitherto unreported etiologic factor, i.e., ragweed pollen. 2. 2. The classification of known causes of this syndrome into intrinsic (infection) and extrinsic (pollens, drugs, etc.) may be useful. Recent pathologic reports may throw some light on this clinical picture.

Cerros de Trincheras in the Papago Country or Arizona

Cerros de Trincheras in the Papago Country or Arizona By J. W. HOOVER Arizona State Teachers Collegre From the standpoint of occupance the Papago Country is marginal, since it is essentially desert in character. Prehistoric culture in the region has been obscured, since construction then as now was largely ephemeral, and village sites soon lose their identity for the occurrence of potsherds. More conspicuous are a number of fortified hill sites with defense walls, and rock terraces for house sites, known as cerros di trincheras. The Papago country of Arizona is peripheral to the drainage basin of the Madgalena River of Sonora in which trincheras construction was furthest advanced and on grandest scale. At the present time seven examples of cerros de trincheras are known in the Arizona Papagueria. The cerro de trincheras at the Mexican village of Trincheras may be considered the classic example. The terraces begin at the base of the hill and continue to the summit and partly down the opposite slope. In height they measure from several to eight or nine feet. The walls are filled flush behind with angular rubble making flat benches averaging fifteen or sixteen feet in width, The occurrence of the same structural elements in the Arizona trincheras sites, suggests that the latter are of the same culture if not of the same people, although peripheral outliers , These elements, which occur in varying proportions and arrangements according to the importance and morphology of the sites are: (1) Walled terraces filled flush for defesive house sites; (2) Cross walls on some of the above, suggesting rooms; (3) Low circular Avails of small diameter , evidently house sites; (4) Breastworks of low roughly constructed walls across vulnerable slopes or approaches; (5) Plazas enclosed by low stone walls whose situation would suggest ceremonial or social use and not defense; (6) Universal occurrence of red-ware potsherds similar to the plain ware used by the Papago Indians today. Types of construction and their arrangement on the hill sites, in Arizona, even more than in Sonora, art so indicative of the defense motive that any other appears absurd. Typical of the Arizona trincheras is "Echtoy-ki", the middle one of three basaltic hills five and one-half miles northwest of Sells, and another "cerro " one and one-fourth miles southwest of Echtoy-ki. From the character of these buttes, as well as of others in the area, it is evident that the trincheras builders preferred buttes of small summit area which were bounded largely by cliffs and steep rugged slopes easy to defend. On the saddle at the east and west ends of the knoll-like summit of Echtoy-ki, house site terraces give way to purely defense walls, which reach their greatest height and thickness at points most vulnerable to attack , They cross the saddle directly and continue down the slopes on both sides across the lines of probable attack instead of along the contours. Five lines of defense walls guarded the settlement southwest of Echtoyki , The major portion of the village was between the fourth and fifth walls. The slopes are steeper both above and below, and. the walls extend along the steepest places. A few house sites above the fifth wall were of larger and better construction, possibly for a preferred class. A few miles east of the Papago Indian village of San Miguel is a larger cerro de trincheras. The arrangement of walls and house sites here is remarkably similar to that on the butte southwest of Echtoy-ki, but on a larger scale. Other trincheras in the Papago Country are on a smaller scale and merely repeat the elements which occur in the others. The trincheras builders in all probability built pithouses where the conditions permitted. But on the roctv (U) surfaces, excavations were impossible and the rock wall enclosures may have been a substitute. The most important trincheras constructions arc on north slopes in the Papago Country, but the choice of slope was evidently not motivated by temperature conditions , but by morphological conditions only as related to defense. It is reasonable to suppose that the trincheras builders supported themselves by farming patches where flood waters could be spread over the fields. The...