Probability Sample Research Articles

Pengaruh Pendapatan, Financial Attitude, Financial Knowledge, Self-Efficiancy, dan Self-Control Terhadap Financial Behaviour Generasi Sandwich di Kota Mataram

This study aims to empirically test the level of income, financial attitude, financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and self-control on the financial behaviour of the sandwich generation in Mataram City. This research is an associative research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the sandwich generation in Mataram City. The sample in this study was determined using non probability sampling with the Lemeshow formula, resulting in a research sample of 96. This study uses primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents, then processing the data using data analysis tools in Partial Least Square (PLS) version 4. The results of this study are financial self-efficacy and self-control have a positive effect on the financial behavior of the sandwich generation in Mataram City. Meanwhile, income level, financial attitude, and financial knowledge have no effect on financial behaviour.

Effect of Cryotherapy on Pain Intensity for Patients Undergoing Arterial Sheath Removal After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the main cause of mortality globally, making up approximately 33% of all deaths Patients with coronary artery disease experience pain and discomfort post-percutaneous coronary intervention after the femoral catheter is removed, which might raise the patient's duration of hospitalisation and the hospital's costs. Aims: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of cryotherapy on the degree of pain that patients who have had their arterial sheath removed after percutaneous coronary intervention felt. Methods: A test-and-retest design in a randomised controlled trial was conducted from January 7, 2024, to February 19, 2024, at Babylon Centre/Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital. A probability (simple random) sampling method was used in a two-group design, with 50 patients in each group as a control and cryotherapy group, and evaluating pain levels utilizing the visual analogue scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis frequency, percentage, mean, paired sample t-test, standard deviation, and ANOVA. Results: This stated the mean pain level was similar before cryotherapy. However, after cryotherapy, the level of pain in the cryotherapy group was significantly less than that of the control group (2.38± 5.1 vs. 23.34± 11.5), respectively. P = 0.000 (<0.05) demonstrating a statistically significant variation. Conclusions: According to the study, cryotherapy applied to the femoral sheath region assisted the percutaneous coronary intervention patients feel less pain when their femoral catheter was removed. In these situations, a local cold gel bag may be advised as a nursing intervention for pain management.

The Effect of Return on Asset (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) on Profit Growth at PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the 2005-2023

Examining the "Effect of Return on Asset (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) on Profit Growth at PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the years 2005- 2023" is the main objective of this study initiative. A quantitative technique based on a descriptive associative methodology is used in the investigation. The data utilised in this analysis comes from PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk's annual financial statements, specifically a non- probability sample of 19 years' worth of data from 2005 to 2023. This research used SPSS Version 27.0 to do multiple linear regression analysis. The study found that ROA has a 0.000 significance level, meaning it contributes considerably to Profit Growth. At the 0.012 level of significance, NPM is partly responsible for Profit Growth. The combined effect of ROA and NPM on Profit Growth was statistically significant (0.000) when tested in a F test

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Kepuasan Pelayanan terhadap Minat Berlangganan Internet Service Provider

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and service satisfaction on interest in subscribing to Internet Service Providers (Case Study on AMNET Subnet in Tridaya Sakti Village, Sasak Tiga Village). This research applies a type of quantitative research. This research technique is a probability sampling method,where everyone who is a member of the population has the same opportunity to become a respondent. While the sample selection is based on random sampling technique, which is simple random. The sample in this study was 60 respondents. The population in this study are respondents who have bought products or who use AMNET internet services as many as 150 in Tridaya Sakti Village, Sasak Tiga Village, South Tambun District, Bekasi Regency. This research analysis is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25 for Windows software. Data collected using questionnaires distributed via Google Form, interview, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that Product Quality has a partial effect on Subscription Interest. Service Satisfaction has a partial effect on Subscription Interest. Product Quality and Service Satisfaction simultaneously affect Subscription Interest.

The Influence of Service Quality and Trust on Customer Satisfaction in Catering Mbak Daeng Alauddin Tangerang District

Service quality and trust are two major factors determining customer satisfaction, especially in service industries such as catering. Understanding the influence of these two factors is important to improve competitiveness and maintain customer loyalty. This study aims to determine the influence of service quality and trust on partial or simultaneous consumer satisfaction in catering Mbak Daeng Alauddin, Tangerang Regency. The research methods used are descriptive and associative. The population in this study is 350 consumers. The sampling technique with the probability sampling method is proportionate stratified random sampling using the 10% Slovin formula. The sample was obtained as many as 78 respondents. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of the study partially show that the quality of service has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, which can be concluded from the t-count value > t-table (8.932 > 1.99167), the trust has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, it can be concluded that the t-count value > t-table (6.668 > 1.99167), by simultaneously showing that service quality and trust simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction can be It was concluded that the value of F-calculated > F-table (48.663 > 2.37).

BARRIERS TO INITIATE INSULIN THERAPY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DURATION OF DIABETES MELITIS AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS, A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Objectives: To determine different barriers to initiate insulin therapy and association of duration of diabetes mellitus and demographic factors with barriers in initiation of insulin therapy in Uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study conducted among patients with type 2 diabetic patients presenting to endocrinology outpatient clinics in two Tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar ie. Khyber Teaching hospital and hayatabad medical complex Peshawar. The duration of study was 03 months after approval of synopsis. The sample size was 257.The study population was selected by consecutive non probability sampling technique. The data was collected by pre designed questionnaire. All the included patients were interviewed on pre designed questionnaire. Data was processed in SPSS version 22.Results: In study we found that patients face different barriers to initiate insulin therapy. In our study, side effects of insulin was the barrier for 97(37.7%) of the patient, difficulty in carrying insulin was barrier for 128(49.8%) patients , dose adjustment of insulin was barrier for 90(35%) patients, fear if insulin needle was barrier for 89 (34.6%) patients, self administration of insulin was barrier for 98(38.1%) patients , affordability of insulin was barrier accounting for 114(44%) patients , frightened about insulin therapy by someone was barrier for116 (45.1%) patients. The association between economic status of patient and the barrier that they are frightened by someone was statistically significant. Chi-square test was also run between duration of diabetes with all barriers in which one association was found nearly signifi cant i.e. the association of duration of diabetes with difficulty in carrying insulin with the p value of 0.064.Conclusion: The most common barrier in insulin therapy initiation of patients in the study was difficulty in carrying insulin. We found that there is near to signifi cant association between duration of diabetes and difficulty in carrying insulin. There is significant association between economic status of patient and frightened by someone. The lower the economic status the more frightened about Insulin use.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN HARGA TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN DENGAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI (STUDI KASUS PADA CAFE TAMAN IDE)

This research is motivated by increasing competition in the cafe business idea garden. With so many cafes or culinary places competing to get their products chosen by consumers to achieve the desires and profits of a company. This research aims to find out how much influence service quality and price have on loyalty Consumers with consumer satisfaction as a mediating variable (case study at Cafe Taman Ide). This research is a type of quantitative approach research, the data used in This research is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to consumers who have purchased products at Cafe Taman Ide. The sampling technique uses the method probability sampling with simple random sampling where every consumer of Cafe Taman Ide have an equal chance of being included in the sample. The population used is as many as 165 respondents. The sample obtained was 117 respondents using the formula Slovin. The test stages carried out are validity test, reliability test, descriptive statistical test, test normality, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, coefficient of determination test, f test, t test, and techniques The data analysis used to answer the hypothesis is path analysis.Keywords: Service Quality, Price, Consumer Loyalty, Consumer Satisfaction

The Impact of Service Quality and Ease of Use on Customer Loyalty for BRILink in Pekanbaru City with Customer Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable

This research aims to determine the effect of service quality and ease of use on customer loyalty using BRILink services in Pekanbaru city with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The research population is customers at BRILink agents in Pekanbaru City who have made transactions more than once at the same outlet in Pekanbaru City, the number of which is unknown with a sample size of 120 respondents. Sampling used probability sampling techniques. Research data was collected using questionnaires. In terms of data analysis, this research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with Smart Partial Least Squares (SPLS) Version 3.0. The research results show that service quality and ease of use have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality and ease of use have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty, service quality and ease of use have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty which is mediated by customer satisfaction among BRILink users in the city of Pekanbaru.

The Influence of Student Engagement and Teacher Interpersonal Communication on School Well-Being of Students

The objectives of this study were to: 1) Investigate the effects of student engagement and teacher interpersonal communication on school well-being, 2) Analyze the specific impact of teacher interpersonal communication on school well-being, and 3) Evaluate the combined influence of both student engagement and teacher interpersonal communication on school well-being. The study focused on all 12th-grade students at SMK Negeri 4 Palembang, selecting a sample of 87 students from three classes: Class XII Machining, Class XII Computer Network Engineering, and Class XII Modeling and Building Information Design. A probability sampling technique, specifically simple random sampling, was employed. Data collection involved three scales: the School Well-being Scale, the Student Engagement Scale, and the Teacher Interpersonal Communication Scale. The collected data was then analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 26.0. The results revealed that: 1) Both student engagement and teacher interpersonal communication have a significant influence on school well-being at SMK Negeri 4 Palembang, with an F-value of 28.118, exceeding the F-table value of 3.104, and an R-value of 0.633. 2) Student engagement shows a positive and highly significant impact on school well-being, with a t-value of 7.497, surpassing the t-table value of 1.708 (t-count > t-table). 3) Teacher interpersonal communication also has a positive and significant effect on school well-being, with a t-value of 5.258, higher than the t-table value of 1.708 (t-count > t-table).

From Influencers to Followers: Unpacking Credibility Dimensions on Food Sharing Intentions Among Malaysian Youth

Influencer marketing has blossomed into an increasingly prevalent method for products and brands to engage with followers, prompting interest in digital marketing and social media studies. However, due to a lack of source credibility, many social media influencers are experiencing a decline in content sharing from their followers despite investing time and money in developing engaging content. Yet, relatively little is known about influencers’ credibility in relation to food-sharing intentions among Malaysian youth. The present study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between social media influencers’ credibility and followers’ sharing intention on food content. By adopting a quantitative approach with a correlational design, this study aimed to discover the relationship between social media influencers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness with followers’ sharing intention towards the food content among Malaysian youths. The researcher employed a probability sampling technique using a random selection of respondents for the sampling. The findings showed that the level of perceived source credibility dimensions and followers’ sharing intention towards the food content among Malaysian youths was mostly moderate. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between social media influencers’ source credibility dimensions and followers’ sharing intention towards the food content among Malaysian youths. The study leverages a deeper understanding of social media influencers through the dimension of credibility and food-sharing intention and thus contributes to developing a more successful social media strategy to engage with netizens. Keywords: Digital marketing, food-related content, sharing intention, social media influencers, source credibility.

School Heads Leadership Competencies: A Comparative Analysis between the Perceptions of Male and Female Secondary School Teachers

This study seeks to investigate the insights of teachers about leadership competencies of secondary school heads in Malakand division. The study population consisted of 8481 teachers working in three districts i.e. Swat, Malakand and Dir lower. By using cluster sampling probability sampling method, 635 teachers were randomly selected as sample of the study. A highly valid and reliable questionnaire gathered data from secondary school teachers, revealing that heads exhibit strong competencies. Technical competency was highly observed, while conceptual competency was less so. No significant difference was found between male and female teachers' perceptions of school heads' leadership competencies. The study recommended that both pre and in-service trainings and leadership development programs may be arranged for heads to enhance their leadership competencies to effectively manage school activities. Senior teachers may also be involved in different school activities.

Investigating Causal Associations between the Gut Microbiota and Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The causal association of specific gut microbiota with dementia remains incompletely understood. We aimed to access the causal relationships in which one or more gut microbiota account for dementia. Method: Using data from the MiBioGen and FinnGen consortia, we employed multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches including two-sample MR (TSMR), multivariable MR (MVMR), and Bayesian model averaging MR to comprehensively evaluate the causal associations between 119 genera and dementia, and to prioritize the predominant bacterium. Result: We identified 21 genera that had causal effects on dementia and suggested Barnesiella (OR = 0.827, 95%CI = 0.722-0.948, marginal inclusion probability [MIP] = 0.464; model-averaged causal estimate [MACE] = -0.068) and Allisonella (OR = 0.770, 95%CI = 0.693-0.855, MIP = 0.898, MACE = -0.204) as the predominant genera for AD and all-cause dementia. Conclusions: These findings confirm the causal relationships between specific gut microbiota and dementia, highlighting the necessity of multiple MR approaches in gut microbiota analysis, and provides promising genera as potential novel biomarkers for dementia risk.

Contribution of Work Discipline, Motivation, Work, and Work Environment to Teacher Performance

The aim of this research is to analyze the contribution of: (1) work discipline to teacher performance; (2) work motivation to teacher performance; (3) work environment to performance; and (4) discipline, work motivation, and work environment simultaneously to teacher performance. The research was carried out at state elementary schools in Rantau Utara District, Labuhanbatu Regency. The research population was 396 teachers, and the research sample was 162 teachers. The sampling technique employed in the study involved the use of Isaac and Michael tables along with probability sampling methods. The results of research on simultaneous performance are 80.51%, 3.74%, and 15.76%, meaning that work discipline is the most dominant factor in influencing teacher performance. Teachers who are disciplined in carrying out their duties, show high commitment, are able to manage their time well, and comply with established rules and procedures. Even though the percentage is small, work motivation is an important factor in improving teacher performance. Teachers who have high work motivation will be encouraged to work more enthusiastically, creatively, and innovatively in teaching. A conducive and supportive work environment can help improve teacher performance by providing adequate facilities and infrastructure, creating a positive work atmosphere, and providing opportunities for teachers to develop themselves professionally. Teachers who demonstrate a high level of work discipline tend to contribute to increased performance in carrying out tasks; teachers who have work motivation tend to contribute positively to increased teacher performance; and a conducive work environment tends to contribute to increased overall teacher performance.

Body weight training versus series 7 diabetes dance: their influence on glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Managing blood glucose levels is critical for preventing complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Physical activity has been shown to be an effective strategy for glucose control, with various forms of exercise yielding different results. This research aims to explore the effects of body weight training and series 7 diabetes dance on reducing blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM, and to compare the efficacy of these two interventions in achieving glucose control. The type of research was a quasi-experiment with a two groups pre-test post-test design. The series 7 diabetes dance group performed the exercise 4 times a week (duration: 170 minutes 8 seconds/week), while the body weight training group performed exercise 3 times a week (8 movements, number of repetitions close to failure, circuit system, 3 sets per training session). Both groups were doing an exercise program for three months. The research sample was for about 16 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (8 people per group, devided randomly), taken by using non probability sampling technique, purposive sampling type (effect size 1.6, significant level (α) 0.05 and Power 0.8). The data analysis used the paired sample t test and the independent t test with a significance level of α = 0.05.The results showed that 1) there is no significant effect of series 7 diabetes dance towards the decreasing the level of blood sugar of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus), 2) there is a significant effect of body weight training towards the decreasing level of blood glucose of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 3) dody weight training is more effective in decreasing the level of blood glucose of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to series 7 diabetes dance. Future research must be carried out as a true experiment with a larger number of samples and with the HbA1c research instrument.

The role of readiness for change on behavioral intention viewed from performance and effort expectancy in the implementation of electronic medical records

Background: Technological developments have triggered a transformation in the implementation of electronic medical records (RME) in Indonesia, in line with regulations that require the implementation of RME in all health service facilities by the end of 2023. Although it has been proven to increase efficiency and reduce medical errors, the implementation of RME faces challenges such as infrastructure readiness and risk factors cultural. Purpose: To identify factors that influence the success of RME implementation, including performance expectations and the use of RME in health facilities in Indonesia. Method: The design of this research is quantitative, observational analytical type with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were employees of Community Health Centers in Kediri Regency. The probability sampling technique using a random sampling approach obtained a sample of 336 employees in 33 Community Health Centers and SmartPLS 2.9.8 was used to test the hypothesis. The variables used in this research are: performance expectancy (X1), effort expectancy (X2), Readiness for Change (Z), and Usage Intention (Y). Results: The results of the research show that there is a direct influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and Readiness to Change on Usage Intention with P = 0.000. Individual Change Readiness Mediates performance expectancy and effort expectancy on Usage Intention, which has a significant effect with a P value of 0.001. Conclusion: This research concludes that new insights into the critical role of change readiness as a mediator between technology acceptance factors and behavioral intentions.

Individual, household and institutional level predictors of waste sorting: Evidence for Ecuador.

The rapid increase in waste generation in developing countries presents significant challenges, necessitating effective waste management strategies. This study examines the influence of individual, household and institutional factors on waste sorting behaviours in Ecuador, employing an ordered logistic regression model. Data were sourced from the 2019 National Multipurpose Household Survey (NMHS) and the Census of Economic Environmental Information in Decentralised Autonomous Governments (CEEIGAD). The NMHS uses a two-stage probabilistic sampling methodology, with census sectors as the primary sampling units and households as the secondary units. After excluding outliers and selecting individuals aged 15-65 years, the final sample consisted of 8601 households, including 26,175 individuals. The findings reveal that personal attributes such as gender, ethnicity, age, marital status and environmental concern significantly influence waste sorting behaviours. Household characteristics, including urban or rural location, are also critical. Institutional factors, such as municipal regulations, waste collection fees and waste separation at source, play essential roles in promoting waste separation. The study highlights the necessity for targeted governmental policies. Recommendations include improving environmental education, increasing sorting infrastructure in urban areas and ensuring waste collection systems maintain the separation of waste streams.

The effect of religious activities on the religious character of students at MA Sirnamiskin Bandung City

The rapid development of modern science and technology in the era of globalisation has opened a new era in social development, culture, and the mindset of mankind. In its development process, this era has created various challenges that must be solved, especially in the world of education. One of the challenges experienced by the world of education in the global era is the decline in moral quality or the degradation of national identity. Therefore, there is a need for moral improvement and development through the cultivation of religious character values in students at school, with the implementation of religious activities. The purpose of this study is to determine how religious activities, the level of religious character of students, and the effect of religious activities on the religious character of students at MA Sirnamiskin Bandung City. The research method used is the survey method. The population in this study were all students of MA Sirnamiskin Bandung City, totalling 318 students. The sampling technique in this study is probability sampling using simple random sampling technique. So that 48 respondents were selected as the research sample. The results of this study indicate that first, religious activities at MA Sirnamiskin Bandung City are in the good category. Second, the level of religious character of students at MA Sirnamiskin Bandung City is in the good category. Third, there is a significant influence between religious activities on the religious character of students at MA Sirnamiskin Bandung City. It can be concluded that there is an influence of religious activities on the religious character of students. The more religious activities are carried out, the more the religious character of students will increase.

Negative ties, social support buffering, and loneliness: Findings from a cross-national survey

This study examines the independent and interactive effects of perceived social support (positive ties) and relational stress (negative ties) on loneliness in later life. To that end, we differentiate the sources of social support, tap multiple items to measure relational stress, and analyze a large cross-national dataset containing probability samples of older adults across 28 countries ( N = 12,449). Our analysis demonstrates that the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness is source specific. A key finding is that perceived social support particularly from family is negatively associated with loneliness. Older adults who name friends and ‘others’ (e.g., coworkers, neighbors, acquaintances) as the most important source of support exhibit higher levels of loneliness than those who choose kin members. By contrast, relational stress, regardless of its source, is positively associated with loneliness. Moreover, this positive relationship between relational stress and loneliness is stronger for those who select others as the primary source of social support, lending credence to the concept of reverse buffering. Taken together, our findings underscore the importance of the sources of social positivity and social negativity in examining the interrelationships between positive ties, negative ties, and loneliness in later life.

Exposure to Multiple Metal(loid)s and Hypertension in Chinese Older Adults.

Evidence about effects of metal(loid)s on hypertension among adults is insufficient. The aim of our study was to evaluate the individual and joint associations between seven selected metal(loid)s and hypertension, including lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and vanadium (V)) in Chinese older adults. This study included 1009 older adults, and the blood concentrations of seven metal(loid)s were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The following conditions were considered as hypertension: (1) either systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mm Hg, (2) a self-reported history of hypertension, or (3) currently taking antihypertensive medications. Logistic regression was utilized to investigate the association between individual metal(loid) and hypertension, while Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was employed to investigate the association of the metal(loid) mixture with hypertension. Adjusted single-metal(loid) model showed a significant positive association between Pb and hypertension (OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.03-1.50). This significant association still existed in multi-metal(loid) model (OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.01-1.47). BKMR further indicated a positive linear association of Pb with hypertension. The metal(loid) mixture was positively associated with hypertension in older adults, although not significant. Within the mixture, Pb had the highest posterior inclusion probabilities value (PIP = 0.9192). There were multiplicative interactions of Pb and Mn on hypertension. In addition, Pb and Mn had additive effects on the association of other blood metal(loid)s with hypertension. The associations of multiple metal(loid)s with hypertension are dependent on diabetes, areas, age, and BMI. The metal(loid) mixture exposure may contribute to hypertension in Chinese older adults, mainly driven by Pb and interactions of Pb and Mn. Reducing exposure to these metal(loid)s may prevent hypertension among older adults, which is especially true for those living with diabetes.

Characteristics of educational experiences in STEM education in Medellin

STEM education seeks to respond to the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution and to prepare future generations of the city in 21st century skills and scientific and technological vocations. This article aims to identify the characteristics of the educational experiences lived in processes of partial and total implementation of the STEM approach. To this end, the article is located in the empirical-analytical paradigm, with a population of 2,511 teachers and 18,421 students from the 10th and 11th grades of 75 educational institutions in Medellin. The probabilistic random sampling (confidence level of 95% and margin of error of 5%) shows a sample of 390 teachers and 384 students. However, after filtering, data from 570 teachers and 3,262 students collected through a survey of 139 questions (Likert, dichotomous, polytomous, and multiple choice) were analyzed. The results allow identifying problem-based learning as the most implemented didactic strategy; the area of technology and information technology with the highest integration into the curriculum; the greatest uses of ICT are for communication and collaboration; the most implemented digital competencies are for surfing the internet and using email, and the partner with the most significant participation is the state, represented in different public and private organizations. Among the conclusions arises the need for a greater reflection and awareness of the processes and learning achieved by researchers and educational institutions to strengthen students' scientific and technological training.