Private Space Research Articles

Pembacaan Progresif Ayat Feminis: Telaah Penafsiran Sahiron Syamsuddin dan Asghar Ali Engineer atas QS. An-Nisā’ [4]: 34

The classical mufasirs’ interpretation of QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 34 often leads to gender bias. An understanding that tends to be literal-scripturalistic-normative implies a view that the superiority of men over women is considered an Islamic decree. This article aims to examine the extent to which the verse is understood based on the views of two figures, namely Sahiron Syamsuddin and Asghar Ali Engineer. Based on library research, and through a textual analysis approach to the interpretation of the two figures above, this research shows that QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 34 is not simply seen as a normative verse as understood by classical mufasirs and some modern mufasirs, but also as a verse that describes the real conditions of the Arab family system at the time of the Prophet which is being morally organised by the Qur’an. So, in addition to being normative, the verse must also be understood as a historical-cultural verse. Thus, the authority of family leadership is no longer understood as a private space belonging to men alone, but is determined by the prevailing system culture. In a matriarchal family system, a wife can be a leader, as well as in a collective system, as long as the leadership provides justice and benefits for the family.

Private Space and Scheduled Caste Colonies in Kerala

Central and state governments have been spending huge amounts year after year for the development of scheduled caste people in India. The state of Kerala is also a good role model in this regard. Social integration of the Scheduled Castes in India with the rest of the communities is still an unfinished agenda of independent India. In this regard, Kerala, one of the states in India having highest rate of social development, is not an exception. The present article tries to theoretically contextualize the socio-economic backwardness of Scheduled Castes in Kerala by analysing to what extent a scheduled caste house property in Scheduled caste Colonies is an economic good. The study uses a theoretical concept-private space which is extracted from Henri Lefebvre’s social space.

Inequities in Adequacy of Prenatal Care and Shifts in Rural/Urban Differences Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic

BackgroundAdequate prenatal care is vital for positive maternal, fetal, and child health outcomes; however, differences in prenatal care utilization exist, particularly among rural populations. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth in prenatal care, but its impact on the adequacy of care remains unclear. MethodsUsing Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data, this study examined prenatal care adequacy during the early-pandemic year (2020) and pre-pandemic years (2016–2019) and investigated rural-urban inequities. Logistic regression models assessed the association between the pandemic year and prenatal care adequacy, and considered barriers to virtual care as a covariate. ResultsThe sample consisted of 163,758 respondents in 2016–2019 and 42,314 respondents in 2020. Overall, the study participants were 12% less likely to receive adequate prenatal visits during the early-pandemic year (2020) compared with 2016–2019 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.86, 0.91]). Respondents in rural areas had lower odds of receiving adequate prenatal care compared with those in urban areas during both pre-pandemic years (aOR = 0.90; 95% CI [0.88, 0.93]) and the early-pandemic year (aOR = 0.94; 95% CI [0.88, 0.99]). However, after adjusting for barriers to virtual care, the difference between rural and urban areas in the early-pandemic year became nonsignificant (aOR = 0.93; 95% CI [0.78, 1.11]). Barriers to virtual care, including lack of phones, data, computers, internet access, and private space, were significantly associated with inadequate prenatal care. ConclusionDuring the early-pandemic year, PRAMS respondents experienced reduced adequacy of prenatal care. Although rural-urban inequities persisted, our results suggest that existing barriers to virtual care explained these inequities. Telehealth interventions that minimize these barriers could potentially enhance health care utilization among pregnant people.

Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement: Breastfeeding in Emergencies.

Background: During emergencies, including natural disasters and armed conflict, breastfeeding is critically important. Breastfeeding provides reliable nutrition and protection against infectious diseases, without the need for clean water, feeding implements, electricity, or external supplies. Key Information: Protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding should be an integral part of all emergency preparedness plans. Breastfeeding specialists should be part of plan development. Emergency protocols should include breastfeeding specialists among emergency relief personnel, provide culturally sensitive environments for breastfeeding, and prioritize caregivers of infants in food/water distribution. Emergency relief personnel should be aware that dehydration and missed feedings can impact milk production, but stress alone does not. Emergency support should focus on keeping mothers and infants together and providing private and/or protected spaces for mothers to breastfeed or express milk. Emergency support should also focus on rapidly identifying mothers with breastfeeding difficulties and breastfeeding mothers and infants who are separated, so their needs can be prioritized. Breastfeeding support should be available to all women experiencing difficulties, including those needing reassurance. Nonbreastfed infants should be identified as a priority group requiring support. Relactation, wet-nursing, and donor milk should be considered for nonbreastfed infants. No donations of commercial milk formula (CMF), feeding bottles or teats, or breast pumps should be accepted in emergencies. The distribution of CMF must be highly controlled, provided only when infants cannot be breastfed and accompanied by a comprehensive package of support. Recommendations: Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding should be included in all emergency preparedness planning and in training of personnel.

Privacy in Community Pharmacies in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Privacy in healthcare is a fundamental right essential to maintain patient confidentiality and trust. Community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia (SA) play a critical role in the healthcare system by providing accessible services and serving as initial points of contact for medical advice. However, the open nature of these settings poses significant challenges in maintaining patient privacy. This cross-sectional study used electronic surveys distributed across various online platforms. The target sample included Saudi adults, with a sample size of 385 participants to achieve 80% statistical power at a 95% confidence interval. The survey comprised demographic questions and sections evaluating perceptions of privacy, the importance of privacy, and personal experiences regarding privacy in community pharmacies. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used for the analysis. A total of 511 responses were obtained. The mean age was 33.5 years, with an almost equal distribution of males (49.71%) and females (50.29%). Most participants held a bachelor's degree or higher (78.67%). Privacy perceptions varied, with only 9.0% strongly agreeing that there was a private space for consultations, while 64.0% felt that the design of community pharmacies did not adequately consider patient privacy, and 86.9% reported that conversations could be overheard. Privacy concerns were notable, with almost one-half of the participants (47.6%) having concerns about privacy and 56.6% doubting the confidentiality of their health information. Moreover, 17.6% reported being asked for unnecessary personal information when buying medication, and 56.2% admitted to avoiding discussing a health problem with the pharmacist due to privacy concerns. Experiences of privacy breaches were reported by 15.7% of respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the availability of private space in the pharmacy and patients feeling that the pharmacy respects their privacy were associated with a lower likelihood of avoiding discussions with pharmacists due to privacy concerns (OR = 0.758, CI = 0.599-0.0957 and OR = 0.715, CI = 0.542-0.945 respectively) Conversely, greater privacy concerns and previous privacy breaches significantly increased the likelihood of avoiding discussions with pharmacists in the community pharmacy (OR = 1.657, CI = 1.317-2.102 and OR = 4.127, CI = 1.886-9.821 respectively). This study highlights the significant concerns regarding privacy practices in community pharmacies in SA. Thus, there is a need for standards to improve privacy in community pharmacies, such as mandating the need for private consultation areas and enhanced staff training on handling privacy-related issues. Addressing the issue of privacy is crucial for maintaining patient trust, improving healthcare service quality, and ensuring effective patient-pharmacist interactions.

Influence of Hotel Design on Guest Experience and Satisfaction in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of hotel design on guest experience and satisfaction in Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low-cost advantage as compared to field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that aesthetic appeal, functionality, and comfort of hotel interiors significantly contribute to guest satisfaction. Elements such as room layout, furniture design, lighting, and color schemes can create a welcoming and relaxing atmosphere, enhancing the perceived quality of the stay. Additionally, common areas like lobbies, restaurants, and recreational facilities also impact guests' first impressions and ongoing experiences. The design must cater to diverse guest needs, offering both communal and private spaces that facilitate social interactions and personal relaxation. Moreover, incorporating local culture and unique design elements can provide a memorable and authentic experience, further boosting guest satisfaction. Sustainable and eco-friendly design practices are increasingly valued by guests, reflecting their growing environmental consciousness. Overall, a well-thought-out hotel design can significantly enhance guest experience, leading to higher satisfaction, repeat visits, and positive reviews, which are vital for the hotel's success in a competitive market. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental psychology theory, services cape theory and expectancy-disconfirmation theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of hotel design on guest experience and satisfaction in Kenya. Hotels should prioritize investing in visually appealing and unique design elements, especially in common areas like lobbies. Policymakers should encourage and incentivize sustainable design practices in the hospitality industry.

Active Security Surveillance and Object Detection

Active security surveillance and object detection have become crucial components in modern security systems, driven by advancements in computer vision and machine learning. These systems are designed to enhance real-time monitoring and threat detection across various environments, such as public spaces, transportation hubs, and critical infrastructure. Active security surveillance systems continuously scan and analyze video feeds or sensor data to identify potential security threats, unauthorized activities, or anomalies. They employ advanced algorithms for motion detection, facial recognition, and behavioural analysis, allowing for the rapid identification of suspicious activities or individuals. Object detection, a key element of these systems, involves the identification and classification of objects within a given scene. This is typically achieved through deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which can accurately detect and categorize objects like vehicles, weapons, or unattended bags. The integration of object detection with active surveillance enables more precise and automated responses to potential threats, reducing reliance on human operators and minimizing the risk of oversight. The adoption of active surveillance and object detection technologies has led to significant improvements in security management, offering enhanced situational awareness and faster response times. However, these technologies also raise concerns regarding privacy, data security, and ethical implications, particularly in their deployment in public and private spaces. Addressing these concerns requires careful consideration of data governance, transparency, and regulatory compliance to balance security needs with individual rights. As technology continues to evolve, ongoing research and development are essential to improving the accuracy, efficiency, and ethical deployment of active security surveillance and object detection systems.

International Legal Regulation and Management of Space Waste on Celestial Bodies

The present article explores the international legal regulation of space waste on celestial bodies and the ecological challenges that space missions will pose in the near future. The lack of a shared vision of whether space waste production should be minimized on celestial bodies is causing uncertainty in the planning of future space missions. Leading private space companies are proposing the transfer of dangerous space waste produced from Earth into outer space. The excessive generation of space waste would increase the risks of activities such as space tourism, and space research and will threaten scientific fields such as radio astronomy. The political alliances that exclude a priori third parties will increase the risk of a generation of unnecessary orbital space debris and space waste on celestial bodies because of the development of several space missions in the same field. The sustainability of space missions on celestial bodies and the protection of the outer space environment should become a guiding principle for both national and international legal regulation of space activities. This article argues for the urgent need to establish comprehensive international regulations and monitoring mechanisms to manage space waste on celestial bodies, emphasizing sustainability and cooperation among space-faring nations.

Radar-Based Elderly Fall Detection Using Smoothed Pseudo Wigner Ville Distribution and XGBoost Learning.

Falls among the elderly population pose significant health risks, often leading to morbidity and decreased quality of life. Traditional fall detection methods, namely wearable devices and cameras, have limitations such as lighting conditions and privacy concerns. Radar-based fall detection has emerged as a promising alternative, offering unobtrusive technique. In this study, an attempt has been made to classify fall detection using smoothed pseudo wigner-ville distribution (SPWVD) images and XGBoost learning. For this, online publicly available radar database (N=15) is considered. Radar signals is employed to SPWVD for time-frequency representation images. Ten features are extracted and applied to XGBoost learning. Experiments are performed and performance is evaluated using 10-fold cross validation. The proposed approach is able to discriminate elderly fall. Using XGBoost learning, the approach yields a maximum average classification accuracy, f1-score, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa scores of 87.47%, 87.38%, 88.12%, 86.81%, 88.31% and 74.94% respectively. The combination of conventional features with concentration measures and median frequency obtained the second best performance. Thus, the proposed framework could be utilized for accurate and efficient detection of falls among the elderly population in their private spaces.

Gender Representation in Moroccan Orature: Moroccan Folktales as a Case Study

Scholars worldwide are fascinated by oral traditions, and Moroccan folktales are particularly striking within a mosaic of spoken narratives and cultural past. Storytellers bring these stories, rich in traditional wisdom, to life in both public and private spaces. To showcase their storytelling abilities, women are assuming roles that have historically been held by men, such as "storyteller" and "orator." Researchers are now examining the forms in which women are portrayed in these tales, as well as how female narrators engage with and contest these representations within the oral tradition. This paper looks at the stories that women tell and how often they connect female characters to negative stereotypes like evil intent, jealousy, and deceit through an exemplifying analytical approach. While these tales demonstrate women's storytelling abilities, they also reveal women's self-doubt and uncover women’s underestimation of themselves and their intellectual abilities, hence showing the contradictions residing in female-narrated stories. Thus, one should advocate for a revised view of the female voice in storytelling.

Network Attack Classification with a Shallow Neural Network for Internet and Internet of Things (IoT) Traffic

In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of connected devices as part of the so-called Internet of Things (IoT), both in private spaces and the industry. Integrated distributed systems have shown many benefits compared to isolated devices. However, exposing industrial infrastructure to the global Internet also generates security challenges that need to be addressed to benefit from tighter systems integration and reduced reaction times. Machine learning algorithms have demonstrated their capacity to detect sophisticated cyber attack patterns. However, they often consume significant amounts of memory, computing resources, and scarce energy. Furthermore, their training relies on the availability of datasets that accurately represent real-world data traffic subject to cyber attacks. Network attacks are relatively rare events, as is reflected in the distribution of typical training datasets. Such imbalanced datasets can bias the training of a neural network and prevent it from successfully detecting underrepresented attack samples, generally known as the problem of imbalanced learning. This paper presents a shallow neural network comprising only 110 ReLU-activated artificial neurons capable of detecting representative attacks observed on a communication network. To enable the training of such small neural networks, we propose an improved attack-sharing loss function to cope with imbalanced learning. We demonstrate that our proposed solution can detect network attacks with an F1 score above 99% for various attacks found in current intrusion detection system datasets, focusing on IoT device communication. We further show that our solution can reduce the false negative detection rate of our proposed shallow network and thus further improve network security while enabling processing at line rate in low-complexity network intrusion systems.

The Future of U.S.-India Private Sector Space Collaboration

India and the United States have dramatically deepened their cooperation on space exploration and technology in recent years. The two countries have codified their collaboration in the space domain through bilateral and multilateral agreements, including the U.S.-India initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) and the Artemis Accords. At the same time, private companies are playing an increasingly prominent role in each country’s civilian, military, and commercial space ambitions. While accounting for the differences in maturity and growth between each country’s private space sector, this paper examines the barriers and incentives to collaboration between the Indian and American private space sectors. This paper's recommendations aim to guide policymakers from both countries in bridging their respective private sectors to advance mutual objectives.

Vida nômade, fugindo do saber sobre si para encontrar o mundo: Um estudo de caso no existencialismo

The case study described here explores the clinical understanding developed in an internship in a clinic-school, between August 2021 and December 2022, when the university still maintained social distancing. Through online consultations, adapted from the existentialist approach, the case of a woman with complaints of anxiety, depression and a history of suicide attempts, living a nomadic life, living in a van with her husband, both musicians, who performed in several cities as a form of survival, is discussed. The condition of online consultations, which began in the Covid-19 pandemic, made it possible for the patient to undergo psychotherapy, however, the conditions were precarious, due to lack of private space for sessions and difficulties in accessing the internet, requiring strengthening the therapeutic alliance and clinical management to overcome challenges. Among the initial complaints, the patient identified herself as "the daughter of a narcissistic mother," a conclusion she reached after reading a self-help book and which provided her with an explanation for behaviors she could not understand in herself. Existentialism rejects any determinism, understanding that the subject is a constant totalization in progress and never encloses itself in a tendency, pathology or a priori vocation. The case illustrates the complexity of family relationships and how identification with labels can both help and limit the psychotherapeutic process. The existentialist approach provided a mediation to question these fixed identities and opening a resignification of their history and new existential possibilities, taking into account their choices and project of being.

Reflections on the production of space and justice: A study of everyday life of the SuoJincun's guerrilla gardeners

As a country that legally guarantees equal access to public space for all residents, China still faces the challenge of abstract public power impeding socio-spatial production and the realization of spatial justice. The article focuses on two case studies of community guerrilla gardening in Nanjing. It employs ethnographic research methods to analyze the green grassroots actions carried out by residents in the community and to demonstrate the differentiated representational spatial production of the residents. The results show that: gardening has an irreplaceable social acquisition value as the production of real matter, is a material carrier and bond of place attachment, and a means of shaping cultural identity. It contains the potential for creative gardening methods and is an important node of access to nature and culture for groups with limited mobility. Guerrilla gardening recycling of collective space by residents in the form of private appropriation. The discussion session analyzes the positive side of the phenomenon of resident's privatization of common public space from the perspectives of social change, the value of use of public space, and spatial justice. The concludes by moving away from the discussion of public and private space toward an everyday, use-value-driven, locally creative initiative for a new aesthetics of collective space.

How to have a positive “Adult Conversation” in the workplace

Have you ever dreaded a coaching session at work, worried it might turn into an argument? “How to Have a Positive ‘Adult Conversation’ in the Workplace,” offers practical advice to make these tough talks easier and more productive. Author Douglas Pflug, draws from his book *Ironwill 360° Leadership*, provides a step-by-step guide to help you handle these conversations smoothly. The article starts by showing you how to prepare: set clear goals, gather facts, and make a plan. It also stresses the importance of choosing a quiet, private space where you and the employee can talk openly. Start the conversation on a positive note, be clear about the issues, and listen to the employee’s side. Instead of focusing on personal faults, address specific behaviours and work together on solutions. Pflug’s approach is all about making these discussions clear, respectful, and effective. By following his tips, you can turn difficult conversations into chances for growth and improvement, creating a better work environment for everyone.

The Proposed Model for Pharmacy Led Med-to-bed Discharge Service in Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: The pharmacy-led discharge medication delivery to bedside (Med-to-bed) service in a tertiary care Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH) hospital aims to optimize medication management during patient transitions from admission to discharge, especially for those with chronic conditions. The service entails the direct delivery of discharge medications to patients at the pharmacy following their discharge from inpatient wards, accompanied by comprehensive medication counseling. The pharmacy-led Med-to-Bed service aims to reduce patient wait times and improve overall clinical outcomes. Methods: This article highlights common challenges in medication reconciliation and post-discharge prescription fulfillment, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and improved hospital adherence to ensure seamless care transitions. It also discusses future considerations for optimizing the Med-to-Bed service, including proposed pharmacy renovations, installing a dedicated robotic dispensing system, and providing private spaces for patient counseling during medication pickup. Additionally, the proposal suggests deploying more pharmacy staff to address delayed discharge orders and making systemic enhancements to the EHR system to streamline prescription pickup. Result: The successful implementation of the proposed pharmacy-led Med-to-Bed service demonstrates the efficacy of interdisciplinary collaboration among nurses, physicians, and pharmacists. Through this collaborative approach, the Med-to-Bed service has shown tangible improvements in operational efficiency and patient outcomes, underscoring its potential to transform healthcare delivery models. Conclusion: Overall, this proposed model provides valuable insights into the transformative impact of integrated care initiatives like the Med-to-bed service in tackling complex medication management and enhancing quality patient care in hospitals.

To be visible yet remain unseen: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of embodied drug use and recovery of Filipinas.

The experience of drug use is a gendered and culturally embodied phenomenon. This qualitative study aims to unpack the lived experiences of 16 urban, poor, Filipina mothers who used drugs. In-depth interviews were conducted. Data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Their experiences were divided into drug initiation and recovery. Key findings show embodied experiences of initiation through starting use, losing control, and navigating through public and private spaces of drug use. Their experiences of drug recovery revolved around decoupling relations, avoiding drug use spaces, and healing their strained home. Theoretically, this study contributes to enriching the analytical underpinnings of IPA through a gendered and embodied perspective. In terms of practical implications, findings point to the need for a gender-conscious approach in intervention design and implementation in the community setting considering the life space of Filipinas who use drugs.

Heterogeneous empathic reactions and their associations with adherence and prosocial behaviors during a pandemic

AbstractThe present research utilized the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study to explore the motives driving individuals to adhere to recommended health standards. One month into the first lockdown and eight months before the availability of vaccinations, a large sample of 1,263 individuals completed measures of empathic concern and personal distress in response to a person who contracted the virus. In addition, we measured their COVID-related behaviors, relating to benefitting another person (i.e., donation), the self (i.e., physical hygiene), or both self and other (i.e., physical distancing). Consistent with the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis (Batson et al., 2015), we found that individuals who experience higher empathic concern, maintain greater physical distance and physical hygiene and act more generously. We further found that individuals who experienced high personal distress were less likely to act generously, albeit more likely to maintain personal hygiene and physical distance. These findings suggest that compliance with health recommendations can be encouraged by eliciting empathic concern or personal distress. Yet, compliance per se is not prosocial behavior. Any intervention aiming to increase prosocial motivation should focus on enhancing empathic concern while minimizing personal distress.

Advances in space food processing: From farm to outer space

Space is the final frontier and mankind has long desired to explore the vast expanse of the universe in the pursuit of finding new worlds. The need for nutritious and long-lasting food during deep space missions have however, been an impediment to this quest. Although challenging, researchers from different public and private space organizations and institutes have come together striving hard to develop food processes, product quality and safety protocols for advancing the field of space foods. Even NASA has proposed nanomaterial-based packaging to preserve space foods longer than 5 years. Therefore, a fresh outlook is required on processing and packaging technologies currently adopted for the preparation of space foods. This review provides an overview of the inception of space foods followed by its physico-chemical and microbiological quality considerations, and processing and packaging technologies. The market opportunities available for space foods has also been covered highlighting the major players in the space food processing sector. Literature review indicates that freeze-drying has been used as a space food preservation technology of choice for years, but the combination of high-pressure processing and thermal treatment is now gaining attention due to its potential in extending the shelf life of space foods upto 5 years. Besides, 3D printing has also emerged as an economically viable technology for producing more nutritious and organoleptically appealing space foods. Currently, the major constraint for space food research is simulating the environment of space for testing food processes and packaging materials which could be explored.

Assessing the strategic role of urban green spaces for habitat connectivity in multi-family residential plots

Urban green spaces are key for maintaining and restoring habitat connectivity within cities. Despite substantial investigations on the contribution to connectivity of different types of urban green spaces, the specific contribution of green spaces located in multifamily residential (MFR) plots has yet to be assessed. Estimating this contribution is crucial given the multiple roles fulfilled by these green spaces in urban planning. To achieve this goal, we focused on four taxa: the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), forest passerine birds and moths. We assessed the potential habitat connectivity for each taxon across the metropolitan urban area of Lyon (France), with landscape graphs built using 1-metre resolution land cover maps. Considering the current state as a reference, we then designed five land cover change scenarios affecting habitat distribution in the MFR plots: (i) maximum and (ii) minimum theoretical connectivity (references), (iii) improve quality of existing green spaces, (iv) improve quantity of green spaces with sub-optimal quality and, (v) maximum restoration (management scenarios). The taxon- and scenario-specific impacts highlight the crucial contribution of private spaces to habitat connectivity. For all taxa, while the MFR only cover 8 % of the study area, connectivity would increase by up to 60 % if these plots were greened. In contrast, sealing these plots could reduce overall connectivity by up to 40 %. The interpolation of local connectivity metrics for each habitat patch and each MFR plot allowed us to identify the most relevant plots for urban greening. Because our approach can improve habitat connectivity at different scales, from neighbourhoods to entire urban areas, it could prove useful for landscape planning in most urban settings.