Private Sector Growth Research Articles

From developmentalism to the homegrown economy of Ethiopia: The narratives and the reality

The political and economic narrative has shifted from developmentalism to the homegrown economy in post-2018 Ethiopia, but maintains the hegemony of the developmental state project of nation-building. This article investigates the shift to homegrown economic narratives, assesses the alignment with macroeconomic data and various sources and their implications. The narrative seeks an endogenous growth model and emphasizes macroeconomic stability, industrialization, private-sector growth, and contributions of key sectors for economic transformation. In some respect of industrialization and macro-financial stability, the macroeconomic data align with the reform narratives. However, agricultural productivity, export diversification, and dependency on imports remain critical challenges of the economy and implicate structural issues of the reform. Several factors, mainly civil war, Covid-19 and climate change, complicate this economic landscape. The article underlines a sustainable and inclusive growth in Ethiopia requires greater transparency and revisiting the assumptions and implications of the homegrown economic narratives.

Quantitative Changes in the Publishing of Lithuanian Scientific Journals in 2015–2022: Public and Private Sectors’ Adaptation to the Changing Conditions

The article analyses the quantitative changes in the Lithuanian scientific journal publishing in 2015-2022. The study reveals the problems of public bibliographic accounting and terminology in order to comprehensively analyse the public and private sector published print and electronic scientific journals. The gaps and uncertainties identified allow for the improvement of official publication records in the future, avoiding ambiguities in the assessment of the publication volumes of scientific journals. Science policy makers and implementers should take the initiative to standardise the definition of scientific journals, as this is the only way to achieve a clearer approach to this form of science communication. Although the annual volume of scientific journal publications has shrunk by 18.1% (from 265 (2015) to 217 (2022) publications), the decline itself has not been sharp. The decline has been stabilised by business involvement, changes in the evaluation of colleges, and the transformation of professional journals, book series and conference proceedings into scientific journals. Flexibility has been provided by electronic publishing instruments, which have reduced the dependence on external financial sources. The public publishing sector has tended to reduce the number of scientific journals in all scientific fields. This was mainly due to the reorganisation of the higher education network, the qualitative requirements for scientific articles and the reorganisation of scientific collectives. The publishing business has seen the greatest potential in the fields of technology and the medical and health sciences, and as a result, the number of journals published in these fields has not declined and continues to grow. Despite the private sector's growth trends, 50% of journals have 30 or more years of publication. This forms the core of Lithuanian scientific journals, which public sector publishers are striving to preserve and integrate into the international scientific environment.

An Assessment of FDI Flow into R&D Across the World and India

The flow of FDI into R&D was significantly associated with innovations. Which can give positive strength in the economic growth by encouraging employment, production, inventions, etc. To account this study has taken secondary data set over 20 years from 2003 to 2022 in major countries across the World. Study has observed major flow of FDI into R&D have seen in India, China, US, England, and Spain. However, the flow is declining over a period in China than India and others have faced increasing trend. In India higher flow of capital observed in southern states, which is higher in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamilnadu. India has received massive expenditure of FDI into R&D in 2022 than US also. Along with that, India stands in the first place at exports with 26.6 percent but even not found under top importer of R&D products. From the estimation of India's Productive Capacity Index (PCI), FDI and R&D in India was focusing highly on structural change, institutional activities, private sector growth, energy sectors development.

Finding Our Lanes: A Roadmap for Collaboration Between Academic Medical Centers and Behavioral Telehealth Companies.

Outpatient mental health care in the United States is delivered by an uncoordinated patchwork of public and private entities that struggle to effectively differentiate the care they provide. The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed transformative changes in this space, including rapid adoption of telehealth and escalating private sector investment to provide services for individuals wishing to obtain care through insurance. In this article, we briefly review the current landscape of ambulatory mental health care. Utilizing Kissick's Iron Triangle model of health care delivery, we compare the relative strengths and weaknesses of academic medical centers and the growing private sector, entities potentially positioned to synergistically foster a mental health ecosystem with improved quality, access, and cost-effectiveness. A roadmap for strategic integration is presented for how academic centers-institutions frequently overwhelmed by patient volume-might leverage partnerships with a private sector eager to utilize novel technology to improve access, demonstrate data-driven outcomes, and advocate for improved reimbursement from payers. We also assess the potential risks and pitfalls of such collaboration. In return, academic institutions can refocus on their strengths, including research, systems knowledge, quality-improvement initiatives, education and training, and specialty clinical care.

A Study on Public Sector and Private Sector Insurance in India

India’s insurance sector has been growing rapidly in the last decade. Different reforms have been implemented to stoke for the sector’s growth. But still has a long way to go, as its share in the global insurance market remains very low. It provides a link between the present and the future. Today India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world. According to the World GDP Ranking 2024 list, India is the fifth largest economy in the world. India is also fifth largest life insurance market in the world’s emerging insurance markets growing at a rate of 32-34% each year. Over the past nine years, the insurance sector has attracted substantial foreign direct investment amounting to nearly US$6.5 billion (Rs.54,000 crore), driven by the government’s progressive relaxation of overseas capita flow regulations. Insurance Industry is a growth-oriented industry. The life insurance sector in India has seen an array of changes in the past one decade. The economic scenario which emerged after globalization, privatization and liberalization has thrown a new challenge before the insurers. The present study is basically discussed regarding growth of private sector and public sector insurance of India, market share of public sector and private sector insurance and overall position of India’s public sector and private sector insurance.

Economic growth and Environmental Sustainability in Selected African countries: A panel investigation

This study examined the effect of economic growth on environmental sustainability among selected African countries. To achieve the objectives of this study economic growth was analysed alongside some control variables - foreign direct investment, credit to the private sector, population growth rate and trade openness to determine their impact on environmental performance index (proxy for environmental sustainability) in the six selected African countries namely: Angola, Algeria, Egypt Ghana, Libya, and Nigeria over the period 1990-2022 using panel analysis. Based on the analysis of the data trend analysis and econometric analysis of panel fixed effect regression econometric technique, some key empirical findings were made. Egypt had the highest environmental performance index (EPI), Direct relationship between the real GDP and environmental performance index (EPI) was visualised in Algeria, Egypt and Libya. Economic growth had a positive and significant impact on the environmental performance index. That FDI and trade openness had positive but marginal effect on environmental performance index while credit to the private sector and population growth rate had negative impact on environmental performance index in the selected countries. Based on the findings, the study recommended increase investment in the real sector and the increase in emission tax in order to sustain the environment in Africa.

Entrepreneurial Motivation Competence and Growth of Micro and Small Enterprise in Nairobi County

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish how entrepreneurial motivation competence influences the growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are important drivers of economic growth and development in Kenya. These enterprises create employment, facilitate wealth creation and form the backbone for private sector growth and expansion. The numerous challenges facing MSEs in Kenya are both internal and external to their operations. Many businesses are characterized by entrepreneurs’ lack of proper entrepreneurial training, lack of marketing capacity and broad operational capacity, lack of business innovation, inadequate business training, lack of motivation for business and pro-activeness. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. There were 1,236,907 operating businesses categorized as MSEs in Nairobi County by the year 2020. To select the MSE in all the regions in Nairobi County, cluster sampling techniques was employed, first to identify the various MSEs and clusters relevant to this study. Seventeen clusters were identified according to where they are located. 384 respondents formed the study sample. The selection of the sample from each cluster of the study was through simple random sampling. The study used a questionnaire to collect primary data, which was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings: The findings showed that an increase in Innovation competence would result to increase in growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. The findings showed that a unit increase in Entrepreneurial Motivation competence would result to an increase of 0.639 units in growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. The univariate analysis fitted to test the relationship between motivation competence and growth of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County show that entrepreneurial motivation competence explained 29.9% of the variation in growth of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County other factors held constant. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory that underpinned the study was entrepreneurial competency theory. This study recommended that micro and small enterprises should have a strong mission and vision that is shared with all employees. This will help to create a shared sense of purpose and ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal. Investing in training and development will help to increase employee motivation.

Entrepreneurial Innovation Competence and Growth of Micro and Small Enterprise in Nairobi County

Purpose: Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are important drivers of economic growth and development in Kenya. These enterprises create employment, facilitate wealth creation and form the backbone for private sector growth and expansion. The numerous challenges facing MSEs in Kenya are both internal and external to their operations. Many businesses are characterized by entrepreneurs’ lack of proper entrepreneurial training, lack of marketing capacity and broad operational capacity, lack of business innovation, inadequate business training, lack of motivation for business and pro-activeness. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how entrepreneurial innovation competence influences the growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. There were 1,236,907 operating businesses categorized as MSEs in Nairobi County by the year 2020. To select the MSE in all the regions in Nairobi County, cluster sampling techniques was employed, first to identify the various MSEs and clusters relevant to this study. Seventeen clusters were identified according to where they are located. 384 respondents formed the study sample. The selection of the sample from each cluster of the study was through simple random sampling. The study used a questionnaire to collect primary data, which was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings: The findings showed that an increase in Innovation competence would result to increase in growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. The findings showed that a unit increase in Entrepreneurial Innovation competence would result to an increase of 0.622 units in growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. The univariate analysis fitted to test the relationship between innovation competence and growth of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County show that entrepreneurial innovation competence explained 31.2% of the variation in growth of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County other factors held constant. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory that underpinned the study was entrepreneurial competency theory. This study recommended that micro and small enterprises should invest in technological innovation to enhance their growth. Investing in the latest software and hardware solutions can help increase productivity, streamline operations, and improve customer service. Additionally, investing in technology can help micro and small enterprises stay competitive in the global marketplace.

Entrepreneurial Motivation Competence and Growth of Micro and Small Enterprise in Nairobi County

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish how entrepreneurial motivation competence influences the growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are important drivers of economic growth and development in Kenya. These enterprises create employment, facilitate wealth creation and form the backbone for private sector growth and expansion. The numerous challenges facing MSEs in Kenya are both internal and external to their operations. Many businesses are characterized by entrepreneurs’ lack of proper entrepreneurial training, lack of marketing capacity and broad operational capacity, lack of business innovation, inadequate business training, lack of motivation for business and pro-activeness. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. There were 1,236,907 operating businesses categorized as MSEs in Nairobi County by the year 2020. To select the MSE in all the regions in Nairobi County, cluster sampling techniques was employed, first to identify the various MSEs and clusters relevant to this study. Seventeen clusters were identified according to where they are located. 384 respondents formed the study sample. The selection of the sample from each cluster of the study was through simple random sampling. The study used a questionnaire to collect primary data, which was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings: The findings showed that an increase in Innovation competence would result to increase in growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. The findings showed that a unit increase in Entrepreneurial Motivation competence would result to an increase of 0.639 units in growth of micro and small enterprise in Nairobi County. The univariate analysis fitted to test the relationship between motivation competence and growth of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County show that entrepreneurial motivation competence explained 29.9% of the variation in growth of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County other factors held constant. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory that underpinned the study was entrepreneurial competency theory. This study recommended that micro and small enterprises should have a strong mission and vision that is shared with all employees. This will help to create a shared sense of purpose and ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal. Investing in training and development will help to increase employee motivation.

CREDIT CREATION BY COMMERCIAL BANKS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SIERRA LEONE (1992-2022) AN AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG TECHNIQUE

<p>The study examined the nexus between credit creation and economic growth by commercial banks in Sierra Leone's for the period 1992 to 2022. Specifically, it focused on the influence of commercial bank lending on private sector growth and development. Variables such as interest rate, real exchange rate and inflation are used as independent variables. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was the chosen metric to represent economic growth, serving as the dependent variable. To ensure uniformity in data analysis, all variables were logged. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique as the primary analytical model. The findings of the regression analysis revealed a direct and positive impact of commercial bank lending on Sierra Leone's economic growth. However, it is noteworthy that the study identified inflation and interest rates as factors exerting negative effects on economic growth.</p><p><strong>JEL:</strong> E44, E51, G21, O16, O40</p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0797/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

ENHANCING PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN: STRATEGIES AND IMPLICATIONS

This study explores avenues to bolster private sector development in Uzbekistan, examining the potential strategies and their implications for the country's economic growth and diversification. Through a comprehensive review of literature, policy documents, and empirical evidence, the research aims to identify key challenges and opportunities facing the private sector in Uzbekistan and propose effective policy measures to foster its growth. The study considers various factors influencing private sector development, including regulatory frameworks, access to finance, infrastructure, entrepreneurship ecosystem, and institutional reforms. Additionally, theresearch analyzes the role of international cooperation and investment in supporting private sector growth and enhancing Uzbekistan's competitiveness in the global market. By shedding light on the dynamics of private sector development, this study seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders involved in shaping Uzbekistan's economic trajectory.

Trade openness and income inequality: The moderating role of institutional quality

This study examines the effects of trade openness on income inequality and the moderating role of institutional quality in this dynamic within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. We find the inverted U-shaped relationship between trade openness and income inequality. At a low level of trade openness, an increase in trade openness leads to higher income inequality. Beyond a certain threshold, however, trade openness starts to decrease income inequality. Institutional quality plays a moderating role, proving essential in reducing inequality. As policies and regulations improve and mature, they support private sector growth, contributing to a decrease in inequality. We highlight the importance of institutional quality as a moderator, not only to promote economic growth but also to ensure an equitable distribution of its benefits, particularly those derived from trade openness, across society.

Understanding consumer choices and attitudes toward electric vehicles: A study of purchasing behavior and policy implications

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs) hold promise for curbing emissions and promoting sustainable urban development in India, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, their uptake remains below expectations. This study delves into factors influencing EV adoption, exploring socioeconomic determinants, technical specifications, cost considerations, and policy impacts. It also assesses the role of charging infrastructure accessibility, demographic disparities, and battery end‐of‐life perceptions. The research identifies key socio‐economic factors driving consumer choices and perceptions of EVs through a comprehensive survey and logistic regression analysis. The findings will guide policymakers and businesses in developing effective strategies to promote EV use, supporting SDGs related to sustainable cities, communities, and economic growth. The insights gained from this study can inspire private sector growth and innovation, leading to new business opportunities that benefit companies and consumers. This research represents a crucial milestone in advancing sustainable transportation solutions in India and creating a better future.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PRE- AND POST-MERGER OF KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK AND STATE BANK OF INDIA

The banking sector is one of the most important and fastest growing sectors in India. It occupies a unique place in the growth of the economy. The economic development of a country is evident from the reliability of the banking system. Mergers in the banking sector lead to significant growth in business, help in reducing costs and reduce competition as mergers lead to elimination of competitors in the banking sector. Today, every bank strives to be financially strong and more effective and efficient in its operations. Public sector banks face strong challenges from private sector banks and are under great pressure to keep up with the facilities offered by private sector banks. The study is conducted to understand the performance of Kotak Mahindra Bank and SBI before and after merger. One private sector bank and one public sector bank were selected for the study. Kotak Mahindra Bank is one of the leading and growing private sector banks, while SBI is the largest bank in India with a market share of more than 23% in assets and 25% in loans and deposits. The analysis before and after the merger of SBI with its partner banks and Kotak Mahindra Bank with ING Vysya Bank shows that the net profit margin, return on capital employed, return on equity and leverage ratio have no significant difference in these ratios. There is a significant difference in operating profit margin for Kotak Mahindra Bank but not for SBI and its partners.

Challenges of glaucoma management in Kosovo

Aims/Purpose: Most glaucoma studies are focused on high‐income countries, with very few focused on low‐to‐medium‐income countries such Kosovo. The aim of this study is to present challenges of glaucoma management in Kosovo, a country with a population of 1.8 million and overall life expectancy of 76.7 years that does not have a social insurance system (1–3).Methods: Data are taken from official government documents, very few scientific publications, and individual experience.Results: National health care system in Kosovo is subsidized by the government, through taxation system that struggles from underfunding. A growing private sector operates with out‐of‐pocket payments in up to 33%, that are mainly spend on pharmaceuticals (4–6). There have been efforts to develop treatment protocols, however still clinical practice can be based on the individual preferences or historical practice (7–9).Glaucoma treatment is not an expectation. The reference centre is glaucoma department at the University Clinical Centre of Kosova (UCCK). Conservative glaucoma management is provided in seven regional hospitals and small private clinics through the country. However, many newer procedures are provided only in private hospitals, whereas conservative therapy is not imbursed by state. There is no special glaucoma fellowship programme and very few young ophthalmologists are interested to provide glaucoma care. In the absence of a generalized Health Information System (HIS), there are difficulties in obtaining glaucoma management data through the country, but many incentives and activities are taking places recently.Conclusion: There is a need for HIS in glaucoma clinics, development of care standards as well as extensive training and knowledge transfer among the staff. Shifting to evidence‐based approach management is challenging, however there is potential for improvement.

Sense of Community among the Residents of Gated and Non-Gated Communities in Lahore, Pakistan

Planned gated and non-gated communities have appeared rapidly all over the world due to the public amenities and quality of life they offer. It is generally assumed that gated communities provide better security as compared to non-gated communities. However, population growth and urban sprawl have led to many social and physiological issues including the death of old city traditions, community identity, and lack of the sense of community (SOC). Thus, modern urban development faces the challenge of meeting the habitation and social needs of people with lesser face-to-face interaction and more mobile and fluid ways of communication. Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan. It has experienced the growth of private sector led gated communities over several years. This research aims to compare their physical characteristics, as well as the perception of security, extent of social interaction, and the sense of community among their residents. For this purpose, the data of interviews with the residents of 4 selected gated and non-gated communities of Lahore was collected. The findings revealed that the sense of community is strongly associated with the extent of social interaction in both gated and non-gated communities. Contrary to what the literature generally suggests, this study found a higher sense of security among the residents of non-gated communities than gated communities. Finally, it was concluded that the participation of the residents in community development and management activities would promote more socially cohesive and vibrant communities.

Exploring the impact of public investment on income, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in ASEAN: new insights from a panel cointegration approach.

Policy adjustments can help strike a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability, which has increasingly been the heart to nations and regions throughout the World. This paper examines how public investment affects economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in eight ASEAN countries: Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Extension of a Cobb-Douglas production function and application of panel cointegration techniques reveal bidirectional Granger causation between public investment and both private development and CO2 emissions from 1980 to 2019. Public investment Granger causes energy usage, the opposite does not hold statistically. More findings from pooled mean group estimations show a mean-reversion dynamic that corrects disequilibria by 14% yearly. State investment crowds in private sector growth, energy use, and carbon footprint. It also finds an inverted U-shaped relationship between public investment and energy consumption, and a U-shaped relationship between public investment and CO2 emissions, indicating complex regional interactions. It is suggested the implementation of public investment policies that enrich green infrastructure projects to foster growth while minimizing environmental impacts, and encourage a strategic approach to public investment for prioritizing environmental sustainability and thus, achieving Sustainable Development Goals 7 to 9 and 11 to 13 in this region.

Modeling Finance–Growth Nexus in MENA Region Economies: A Panel Data Analysis

The primary objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between finance and economic growth in a cohort of 16 economies within the MENA region spanning a four-decade period from 1980 to 2021. This study employs panel unit root and panel co-integration analyses to investigate this long-term nexus. The fully modified and dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approaches are utilized to estimate the long-run coefficients. The findings underscore the existence of cross-sectional interdependence among these nations. Furthermore, Pedroni’s panel co-integration research robustly supports the idea of a long-term co-integrating relationship between financial development and economic growth. Our long-run panel estimations reveal a positive and statistically significant impact of financial development on GDP per capita income growth. In addition to this broad analysis, this paper conducts a detailed time-series examination focused on a specific country to validate the robustness of the results. These findings further substantiate the favorable influence of financial development on income growth in the majority of MENA nations. Notably, private sector participation in these economies is found to be alarmingly low. As a result, a significant policy implication of this study underscores the urgent need for policymakers to prioritize measures conducive to private sector expansion. Moreover, enhancing financial inclusion, addressing the crowd-out effect, and tackling non-performing loans are critical areas requiring attention within the MENA region. Furthermore, our research highlights the potential benefits of developing stock markets as part of an optimal strategy to enhance both economic and income growth rates. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights into the finance–growth nexus in the MENA region, emphasizing the importance of financial development as a driver of economic prosperity and the need for targeted policy initiatives to support private sector growth and financial stability.

Managing health supply chain risk through strategic outsourcing in low- and middle-income countries

This paper explores how strategic outsourcing of public health supply chain functions to private sector companies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is a catalyst to reduce operational risks and achieve agility and efficiency. Private sector engagement in public health supply chains increases market competitivity, improves efficiency and allows for cost reduction, while enabling ministries of health to focus on their core competencies and become stewards of their supply chain operations. The paper highlights best practices on strategic outsourcing for contracting entities and third-party logistics (3PL) to minimise risk. Strategic outsourcing has become increasingly common across LMIC contexts as emerging economies take advantage of private sector growth; however, outsourcing does not automatically mean increased efficiency or transparency, unless it is done properly. Recommended best practices include ensuring transparent and fair competition; understanding market capabilities and geographical constraints, as well as available infrastructure; setting up key performance indicators; improving service agility; and creating the best distribution network for higher efficiency. The paper also presents three case studies, including lessons learned and results from strategic outsourcing in Zambia, Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Robust Optimal Monetary Policy in a Forward Looking Structural Vector Autoregression Model for the Kingdom of Eswatini

The purpose of the study was to establish the optimal monetary policy to influence inflation, credit extension to the private sector, and real GDP in the right direction in the Kingdom of Eswatini. Based on the three estimated models of the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) using monthly data for the period 2000 to 2019, the results indicate that the discount rate is optimal/ superior over the reserve requirement and liquidity requirement. Monetary policy shocks to the reserve requirement and liquidity requirement are not effective to stimulate economic growth and bank credit to the private sector, which indicates that the three instruments do not complement each other. The results of the variance decomposition show that the discount rate’s contribution is 0.62% on real GDP, 3.25% on inflation, and 3.31% on bank credit in month twenty-four, which is significant. The study also recommends that the Central Bank of Eswatini should consider a policy mix of 5.60% for the discount rate, 4.30% for the reserve requirement, 13.29% for the liquidity requirement to influence inflation, bank credit to the private sector and economic growth in the right direction.