Private Public Research Articles

Banana Supply Chain in Navi Mumbai, India

This study investigates the banana supply chain in Navi Mumbai, aiming to identify existing supply channels, analyze their efficiency, problems faced by producers and anayse the market potential of banana in the study area. Primary data were collected from respondents to accomplish these objectives. Secondary data were obtained from private and government publications, and review papers. Utilizing a descriptive research design and employing a probability sampling method, the study surveyed 50 farmers, 5 village traders, 5 pre-harvest contractors, 10 wholesalers cum commission agents, and 10 retailers using a semi-structured schedule. Three marketing channels were identified. Among them channel-III (Farmer - Wholesaler cum commission agent - Retailer - Consumer) was the most efficient option, offering the highest producer's share in the consumer's rupee (40.05%) and the highest marketing efficiency (0.67), with a price spread of Rs. 1711.55 per quintal. In the study area, banana producers face challenges such as high input costs, delayed availability of planting materials, and losses due to diseases and pests. Marketing hurdles include lower prices, distant selling unit locations, delayed payments, and inadequate transportation and storage facilities. Village traders, preharvest contractors, wholesalers cum commission agents, and retailers also encounter various obstacles such as price fluctuation, handling and transportation losses, low-quality produce, and labour shortages. As the total market demand for banana in Navi Mumbai was estimated to be ₹62.26 crore, addressing these challenges is vital for enhancing the efficiency and profitability of banana marketing in the study area, necessitating coordinated efforts from policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and market participants. Establishing FPOs and FPCs can ease access to affordable planting materials and address marketing challenges, benefiting all banana market stakeholders.

Literacy and Financial Education: Private Providers, Public Certification and Political Preferences

AbstractFinancial education can influence the level of financial literacy. In many countries public authorities implement financial education policy by means of ex ante certification of both private and public providers of education activities. This article uses political economy, educational marketing and text analysis as complementary tools to offer a positive analysis of such setting. Being financial education a credence good and given the key assumption that financial literacy is a country state–contingent endowment that deteriorates, as a consequence of innovation, the third-party certification can be considered as a strategic governance solution. Yet, when a public agency acts as third-party certifier, political and bureaucratic incentives shape its action. In particular, political activism in financial education can be motivated by financial instability worries. Such theoretical relationship is empirically confirmed applying text analyses, and using financial education narrative as a proxy for activism both for the politicians of the European Parliament and the bureaucrats of the ECB in the period 1997–2024.

InterCriteria Analysis as an intelligent tool for decision making: Investigation of Polish University Rankings

In the current investigation InterCriteria analysis as a decision making tool is applied to the rankings of Polish Universities aiming at determination of interdependences and influence of the indicators used for their rankings. Public University Ranking, Private University Ranking and Public Vocational Colleges Ranking in Poland for 2023 are in the focus of current investigation, as retrieved from the Perspektywy University Ranking website.

SoK: Can Trajectory Generation Combine Privacy and Utility?

While location trajectories represent a valuable data source for analyses and location-based services, they can reveal sensitive information, such as political and religious preferences. Differentially private publication mechanisms have been proposed to allow for analyses under rigorous privacy guarantees. However, the traditional protection schemes suffer from a limiting privacy-utility trade-off and are vulnerable to correlation and reconstruction attacks. Synthetic trajectory data generation and release represent a promising alternative to protection algorithms. While initial proposals achieve remarkable utility, they fail to provide rigorous privacy guarantees. This paper proposes a framework for designing a privacy-preserving trajectory publication approach by defining five design goals, particularly stressing the importance of choosing an appropriate Unit of Privacy. Based on this framework, we briefly discuss the existing trajectory protection approaches, emphasising their shortcomings. This work focuses on the systematisation of the state-of-the-art generative models for trajectories in the context of the proposed framework. We find that no existing solution satisfies all requirements. Thus, we perform an experimental study evaluating the applicability of six sequential generative models to the trajectory domain. Finally, we conclude that a generative trajectory model providing semantic guarantees remains an open research question and propose concrete next steps for future research.

MODERN INFORMATION SOURCES OF THE MEDIA

In this article, the processes taking place in the world media space with modern information sources were studied. In this regard, the role of the Internet, which served as a means of rapid interactivity, communication exchange, and e-mail, electronic sites, and social media that appeared on its basis, as a modern source of information was clarified. We paid the attention to the stages of entry of modern information sources into the national mass media and the differences and similarities of public and private publications regarding access to online sources, how the development of the Internet affected the activities of traditional publications. As a result, an impartial assessment of the characteristics of national mass media in obtaining and providing information was made on the example of printed publications and Internet sites.

Dualism of Labor Law: Private Law and Public Law Aspects

The relevance of the topic of this article is due to the fact that the structure of labor law as a regulator of public relations contains the principles of both power and subordination, and equality of the parties. Despite the prevalence of the concept of dualism in labor law, there is no consensus in legal science regarding its content.The purpose of this article is to develop scientific provisions reflecting the features of dualism in labor law. Proceeding from the designated goal, the author set tasks: to determine the private and public legal aspects in the dual nature of labor law. In the process of studying national interests, the dialectical method of cognition was used as a philosophical basis, as well as general scientific research methods: ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the system-structural method. private scientific methods: formal legal, as wellas logical means of cognition — analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction.As a result of the analysis of scientific and regulatory sources, the following conclusions were formulated: 1) The state performs several functions in achieving a balance of private and public legal interests in the field of labor regulation: legislative, control, social, intermediary. 2) By promoting a balance between the interests of workers and the State, civil society contributes to ensuring fairer and more stable working conditions for all.

Analysis on the Equity Between Private Schools and Public Schools in China: An Equity-Focused Educator Interview

In recent years, the emergence of private schools in China has caused a series of problems related to educational equity. Against this background, the author had an interview with Principal Chen, a famous educator in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China. He is one of a few principals in Ganzhou who have both teaching and management experience. The interview aims to find what the biggest educational problem is in Principal Chen's educational career. In conclusion, this paper holds that the Chinese government should supervise and standardize the reward and punishment rather than deprive the school of its reward and punishment rights. At the same time, the government should raise the salary of teachers in the basic education stage and guarantee that their salaries are not lower than the income level of local civil servants, thereby making teachers get rid of the pressure of survival and devote themselves better to education. Finally, this paper emphasizes the important role of leadership in promoting educational equity.

Comparative Analysis of Public Service Quality Between Private Organizations and Public Organizations

A comparative analysis of the quality of public services between private organizations and public organizations is a study that aims to determine H the differences in the quality of services provided by private organizations R and public organizations. In this study, service quality is influenced by R various factors, such as organization, leadership, abilities and skills, A appreciation and public knowledge of public services. This analysis will display the results of measuring public satisfaction with public services, which is measured using the Public Satisfaction Index (IKM). From this research, it is expected that several conclusions will emerge regardingthe quality of public services provided by private organizations and public organizations, as well as the factors that influence the quality of public services. This research will assist the government and public organizations in improving the quality of public services, so as to increase public satisfaction with the public services provided. In addition, this research will also be a reference for private organizations in improving the quality of services provided to the community

Implementasi Metode Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Sebagai Penetapan Keputusan Investasi Saham Berdasarkan Undervalue dan Overvalue (Studi pada Sektor Perbankan di BEI Periode 2018-2022)

The study aims to implement the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) method in undervalued and overvalued equity investment decisions in the banking sector in the EIB during the period 2018-2022. This research method uses descriptive quantitative methods. The data source used is secondary data of the closing price per month of the Bank listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and the Financial Services Authority during the period June 2018 s/d December 2022. Sampling using purposive sampling technique of 5 National Private Public Bank (BUSN) Devisa. The results of this study showed that of the 5 shares of the company that were the sample of the research, 1 company shares became undervalue, namely the company of the Bank of Jewelry (BNLI) where the rate of return of individual shares is greater than the expected return, while 4 other companies were included in the overvalue shares: Bank Central Asia (BBCA), Bank Pan Indonesia (PNBN), Bank CIMB Niaga (BNGA), and Bank OCBC NISP (NISP) whose individual share return rate is smaller than its expected return.

To Study the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Toward Prevention of Hepatitis B Infection among Health Care Workers in a High Risk Setting of a Private Institute and Public Institute: A Cross - Sectional Study

To Study the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Toward Prevention of Hepatitis B Infection among Health Care Workers in a High Risk Setting of a Private Institute and Public Institute: A Cross - Sectional Study

Private Power and Public Office: The Rise of Business Politicians in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Scholars have long been preoccupied with the role that capital plays in Indonesia’s democratic institutions. Observers emphasize a tight overlap between the worlds of politics and business, with many describing murky connections and corrupt alliances among state officials, oligarchs, and local bosses. While such relations remain fundamental to Indonesian politics, this paper draws attention to a parallel but under-analyzed transformation of both the social and political status of business actors in contemporary Indonesia. From tech entrepreneurs to mining giants, people with established business careers are increasingly taking up the reins of government. Once considered the inferior political and policy actor during Suharto’s New Order, businesspersons now exercise direct political power and entrepreneurial success is valued, even revered, within political and policymaking circles. While evidence of such changes can be identified at different moments in Indonesia’s recent history, during the presidency of businessperson politician, Joko Widodo, there has been a marked intensification of these trends. Today there is a far broader acceptance of business elites as stewards of state institutions. The result is a fusing of private power and public office in a form, and to a degree, that is unprecedented in Indonesia’s political history.

Modern Japanese Images of Turks and Turkey

Modern Japanese Images of Turks and Turkey Nobuo Misawa (Toyo University, Japan) The image of Turks and Turkey in Modern Japan had been heavily influenced by the image of European and American sources described in this paper. For example, even after 1924, the Japanese merchants and officers of various ministries continued to adopt the divisions of European Turkey and Asiatic Turkey. We can find examples in the bulletin of the Japanese Commercial Museum in Istanbul, published in 1928- 37. The Museum still calculated and sent the statistics of imports and exports about Turkey, not as a single country but divided into two divisions, European Turkey and Asiatic Turkey, even after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey! It was only after the Japanese defeat in WWII in 1945, that Japan adopted a single name and area concept of Turkey. In addition, the Ministry of Education ordered the government’s official textbook writers to describe the name of the country as the Ottoman Empire (1299-1922) and the Republic of Turkey (1923- ). In these circumstances, private publications had begun to follow the government’s official textbooks, while some of them still used the outdated name, “Ottoman Turkey”, which neither the Europeans nor the Americans were no longer using.

Investigation into the Vocabulary and their Origin of the Poems in the 3rd Grade Turkish Textbooks and Workbooks

A good Turkish education is necessary in order to raise generations who can use their language correctly and effectively. This education is usually given from the Turkish textbooks of the Ministry of National Education, which are used in schools and considered as the primary source. However, the adequacy and comprehensiveness of the number of Turkish words in the textbooks is a controversial issue. In this study, it is aimed to determine the number of letters, syllables, words and different words in the poems calibrated in Turkish 3rd Grade Textbooks and workbooks by Private Publication (PP) and the Turkish 3rd Grade textbooks and workbooks prepared by Ministry of National Education Publications (MoNE) via using the document review method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and to find the origins of the words in the poems. According to the findings obtained in the study, there are total of 719 words, 606 different words, 1770 syllables and 4278 letters in total in 13 poems in PP Turkish 3 coursebooks. 78.84% of these words are Turkish, 21.16% of which are words of foreign origin. There are 789 words, 649 different words, 1876 syllables and 4551 letters in total in 14 poems in MoNE1 Turkish 3 coursebooks. It is seen that 71.82% of these words are Turkish and 28.18% are foreign words. There are 281 words, 231 different words, 684 syllables and 1662 letters in total in 7 poems in MoNE2 Turkish 3 workbooks. It is seen that 78.76% of these words are Turkish and 21.24% are foreign words. It is assumed that the results of the research will give ideas to review the textbooks and to develop different techniques in vocabulary teaching.

Private Associations or Public Bodies? The Gerousiai of the Greek Cities in the Imperial Period

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimen- sion of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia’s sim- ilarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.

Influence of Private Consumption and Public Spending on Economic Growth in Peru

Influence of Private Consumption and Public Spending on Economic Growth in Peru

Традиции сатирической журналистики 1860-х годов в фельетонном творчестве Ф. В. Волховского в «Сибирской газете» (1882–1888)

The satirical magazines of the 1860s had a significant impact on the periodical press system. Given the cultural and economic disparities between Siberia and the center in the 1880s, Siberian publicists found themselves in conditions resembling those of the democratic press. This paper examines the satirical traditions of the key representatives of the democratic press, namely “Svistok” (1859–1863) and “Iskra” (1859–1873). The analysis focuses on the feuilleton works of F. V. Volkhovsky, the “tacit editor” of the first major private publication in Western Siberia, “Sibirskaya gazeta” (1881–1888). The publicist’s ideology was centered on combating the prereform order in Siberia before the reforms. The populist brought his theses on social and economic contradictions published in the “Svistok” and “Iskra” into a single ideological harmony within the framework of two concepts: regional and socialist. It was also crucial for Volkhovsky to address the persisting problem of publicity, the attitude to the printed word, and the understanding of its goals. He wrote feuilletons in the Aesopian manner due both to precensorship and directly to satirical objects similar to their predecessors. Additionally, Volkhovsky employed irony as a central technique to achieve a comedic effect, thereby eliminating the option of employing satirical methods. Furthermore, the publicist brought many of the methods of his literary predecessors to a new level.

The Influence of Suzhi Education on Middle School Students’ Interest in Learning and Learning Initiative - Under Chinese Education Mode (Private School and Public School)

In the more than 30 years of the educational history of China, there have been three phases of quality education development, with China presently in the third stage. Quality education is in the process of being formed gradually and vigorously promoted. This paper focuses on how middle school pupils' development of learning interest and autonomy is impacted by high-quality instruction. This survey's primary goal is to investigate how Wenzhou Experimental Middle School successfully implements quality education, and it has received a very positive response. The researcher selects a private middle school in Dalian Royal Middle School, which has pretty evident educational quality, for study and comparison to raise the accuracy and decrease the constraints of the survey. It is appropriate for Wenzhou Experimental Middle School to completely implement the idea of quality education and make the development of students' abilities and learning autonomy the first teaching aim, according to an analysis of pertinent reports and survey results. This strategy does, however, come with a lot of restrictions and guidelines from different angles.

Private Loan Disclosure Covenants and Public Management Guidance

Prior research provides little evidence about whether the information demands of private lenders affect the information environment of borrowers’ public shareholders. Using a covenant in loan contracts, lenders can require borrowers to periodically provide projected financial statements. We examine borrowers’ voluntary disclosure of prospective financial information (“management guidance”) to the public after being subject to the disclosure covenant. We find that the disclosure covenant is associated with more frequent management guidance. This relation is attributable to borrowers increasing nontraditional earnings guidance and non-earnings financial guidance. In falsification tests, we find that a covenant requiring borrowers to provide monthly historical financial information is not associated with management guidance and that the prospective financial information disclosure covenant is not associated with voluntary disclosure of nonfinancial information. Our results suggest that a firm’s contractual obligation to provide projected financial information to private lenders increases the quantity and breadth of its voluntary guidance to public shareholders.

Demystifying Simple Random Sampling Technique under Public, Private Public (PPP) Projects and Value for Money (VFM) studies: Benchmarking from Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA)

Demystifying Simple Random Sampling Technique under Public, Private Public (PPP) Projects and Value for Money (VFM) studies: Benchmarking from Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA)

The Impact of Customer Satisfaction Between Private Bank and Public Bank in the Area of Dinajpur, Bangladesh

A good banking sector with a good banking habit can accelerate the pace of development in a country. Banking is a key industry in the service sector and it can be considered as the financial nerve centre of the economy. The study is based on a survey conducted in Dinajpur city with the help of primary and secondary data. It was planned to select 20 customers randomly from each bank making a total of 160 customers (80 from public sectors banks and the rest 80 from private sectors banks) as sample by making personal visit to the respective bank. Male participants are the majority respondents as represented by 73% in public sector banks and 71% in private sectors banks. In both sectors, male customers are dominated. The larger part of customers’ educational qualifications in public banks is Higher Secondary & Post-graduates and in private banks is Post-graduates that the majority respondents are selected 36% of bank account both in Private & public bank, 33% only in public bank and 31% only in private bank. The respondent’s average waiting time to receive any service is higher in public sector banks (18.55±10.10) than private sector banks (5.11±1.81). The more respondents say that interest rate is higher in private sector banks (68%) than public sector banks (32%). The customer prefer private sector banks (54%) than public sector banks (46%) in case they have deposit 10 lack taka of the customer prefer private sector banks (56%) than public sector banks (44%) in case of taking loans In order to satisfy the customers, both public and private sector banks need to find out the weak areas to assist the managers to take plan and decisions for meeting up the customers’ requirement.