Private Programs Research Articles

Role of Grants in Ensuring Socio-Economic Stability in the Conditions of War in Ukraine

Grant programs are a key tool for solving global human problems. They promote business development, especially businesses founded by women or veterans. In times of crisis, grants become indispensable support for overcoming difficulties. In Ukraine, grants stimulate the development of various spheres of society, supporting reforms, civil society, science, culture and economy, especially in the context of geopolitical and economic challenges. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize available grant programs for the population and business in wartime conditions, to determine effective ways to find and receive them. The authors consider grants as free financial assistance provided for the implementation of projects, education or business development. Grants have a number of advantages compared to other financial instruments, such as loans, attracting investors or crowdfunding. In particular, grants do not need to be returned, and they can be raised systematically, which expands the financial capabilities of organizations. The article also discusses the goals of granting grants in wartime, which may include supporting innovation, solving current security problems, developing certain sectors of the economy, and transferring experience and financial resources from more developed countries. In the article, the author analyzes the experience of programs such as "Horizon Europe" and "EU4Business", emphasizing their role in supporting Ukrainian enterprises and the economy. The conclusions of the article indicate that grants are an important source of funding that allows implementing ideas, conducting scientific research, supporting charitable organizations, and improving the quality of life. The article offers an overview of the different types of grants, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as recommendations for finding and receiving grant support, including public and private grant programs.

Sensitivity by Parametricity

The work of Fuzz has pioneered the use of functional programming languages where types allow reasoning about the sensitivity of programs. Fuzz and subsequent work (e.g., DFuzz and Duet) use advanced technical devices like linear types, modal types, and partial evaluation. These features usually require the design of a new programming language from scratch—a significant task on its own! While these features are part of the classical toolbox of programming languages, they are often unfamiliar to non-experts in this field. Fortunately, recent studies (e.g., Solo) have shown that linear and complex types in general, are not strictly needed for the task of determining programs’ sensitivity since this can be achieved by annotating base types with static sensitivity information. In this work, we take a different approach. We propose to enrich base types with information about the metric relation between values, and we present the novel idea of applying parametricity to derive direct proofs for the sensitivity of functions. A direct consequence of our result is that calculating and proving the sensitivity of functions is reduced to simply type-checking in a programming language with support for polymorphism and type-level naturals. We formalize our main result in a calculus, prove its soundness, and implement a software library in the programming language Haskell–where we reason about the sensitivity of canonical examples. We show that the simplicity of our approach allows us to exploit the type inference of the host language to support a limited form of sensitivity inference. Furthermore, we extend the language with a privacy monad to showcase how our library can be used in practical scenarios such as the implementation of differentially private programs, where the privacy guarantees depend on the sensitivity of user-defined functions. Our library, called Spar, is implemented in less than 500 lines of code.

Current Accessibility Challenges to Dental Care

Introduction. Access to dental care is a key aspect of ensuring public health and well-being. Modern health-care systems face many challenges related to the provision of high-quality dental services to all patients seeking for medical help. There is a wide range of challenges, from financial and organizational issues to social and cultural aspects. Lack of dental care affects not only oral health but health in general. Limited access to dental care can lead to tooth decay or other conditions that require expensive treatment in hospital settings, thus disrupting more urgent medical needs.The purpose of this work was to consider the current problems related to the accessibility of dental care. To this purpose, an analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature was carried out.Materials and methods. This study used general scientific research methods (generalization, analysis, and synthesis). Papers by Russian and foreign authors as well as analytical reports on public and private pro-grams that contribute to increasing the availability of dental medical care were studied.Results. In the context of universal health care, access to dental care is considered a vital public health issue. Financial, geographical, cultural, and social barriers to dental care are considered the most significant. In the Russian Federation, according to the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), about 30% of the popu-lation does not have regular access to dental services due to financial and geographical barriers.

A Develop Strategies Management of Private Tennis in Xi’an City, China

Background and Aims: Developing strategies for managing private tennis programs is critical for maximizing player potential and maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage. It entails tailoring training, facilities, and resources to individual and organizational objectives, resulting in long-term success in the sport. Thus, this paper aims: (1) What are the problems of development strategies management of private tennis clubs? And (2) to develop management strategies for private tennis clubs. Methodology: This research is a survey and interview research. The population used in this research was 21 professionals who are former or current presidents of the Chinese Tennis Association national team coaches and tennis players. Samples mean the l9 experts selected for Purposive selection by determining the characteristics of the sample sampling were as follows: 7 tennis professors and 12 tennis club officers (8 female and 11 male) using Delphi techniques—data analysis using statistics indicator median and interquartile range, and POLC. Results: The tennis club management development platform model effectively develops private tennis clubs in Xi’an City with an average mean of 4.64 on a 5-point Likert scale for agreement. The platform includes: (1) Planning to build a model for private tennis club development strategies management can plan the creation of many forms in the presentation. There are elements of building a platform in the planning that can be used differently. Therefore, it depends on creating a model for managing private tennis club development strategies. (2) Management builds a model for private tennis club development strategies management can be as ranged in many ways and can be organized in many forms, the organization must be ready in all aspects, such as people, places, model tools, and model platform. In modern times, owners are interested in an organization that forms a platform for developing an organization model style. (3) Implementing the practice of creating a model for private tennis club development strategies management can be achieved according to the principles of development strategies management according to the steps of private tennis club development strategies management according to the established guidelines. (4) Controlling the creation of a model for private tennis club development strategies management can control the use of planning at every stage whether it’s an evaluation form measure and control the way to use the model in the right way. Conclusion: The study found that the tennis club management development platform is extremely effective in improving private tennis clubs in Xi'an City, with strong agreement among participants. The platform's success can be attributed to its comprehensive approach, which includes planning, management, implementation, and control. These elements all contribute to the effective development of private tennis club strategies.

Funding Opportunities for Innovative Enterpreneurship in Georgia

In the modern world, innovative business is an opportunity to implement new ideas and introduce innovation. The entrepreneurial sector contributes to the introduction and development of modern business. Financing mechanisms are the most important obstacle to innovative activities in small and medium-sized enterprises. The paper’s main goal is to determine the possibilities of access to finance, the ways of obtaining financing, and the challenges of innovative entrepreneurs. To evaluate the impact of private and state support programs in creating an innovative product. The work discusses the essence of innovation and the subjects of innovative activity. It is about all the necessary information an entrepreneur needs to create an innovative product. Attention is also focused on the importance of private and state programs in financing. The work is also based on qualitative research, identifying factors hindering access to finance. The paper outlines ways and perspectives of access to finance. In the future, paying more attention to both the private sector and the state is necessary. Because creating innovation is their common interest. The government of Georgia needs the right policy and priority directions. In particular, the establishment of tax benefits and preferential loan conditions. It is important to raise education and awareness in society in the direction of entrepreneurship. The obtained results will allow us to measure the effectiveness of the support programs. Conclusions on the optimization of innovative entrepreneurship are formulated.

Political determinants of privatizations in China: A natural experiment based on politician career concerns

We study the political determinants of the world's largest privatization program by exploiting an age-related discontinuity of politician promotion in China. As a local politician's age exceeds 58, his promotion likelihood quickly diminishes. Consistent with changes in the politician's incentives, we find that Chinese cities whose top officials were older than age 58 were less likely to privatize local state-owned enterprises. Using the promotion discontinuity as an instrument, we report that privatization has significant effects on the firm's efficiency.

Planning With a Basic Income

Problem, research strategy, and findings The rapid growth of basic income programs in U.S. cities raises questions about the contributions of no-strings-attached cash payments to common equity planning goals. Drawing on a database of more than 100 basic income trials and interviews with 75 program designers and administrators, we evaluated basic income’s potential uses in planning. First, we analyzed evaluations of completed basic income trials, linking the policy’s effects to common equity planning goals. Second, we identified pathways from basic income trials to permanent policy and program reform. We found that large-scale, public basic income trials are likely to lead to reform in state-level social policy and that private and hybrid programs have multiple pathways for renewal, expansion, and replication. Takeaways for practice Planners can maximize the contributions of basic income programs to equity planning goals by distinguishing among the different capacities and scale-up options for public, private and hybrid programs. Practitioners focused on policy change and securing additional state resources for low-income households should prioritize publicly financed basic income trials and seek to translate basic income demonstrations into state-level policy change. Practitioners focused on “wicked” problems within narrowly defined subcommunities should focus on hybrid and private programs, which expand the capacities of community organizations and secure funding renewal from foundations. Important though these distinctions between programs are, all types of basic income programs contribute directly household resources, stability and capabilities, and all three types have led to either expanded basic income programs or the addition of no-strings-attached cash to other programs.

Bridging the ‘Concept–Product’ gap in new product development: Emerging insights from the application of artificial intelligence in FinTech SMEs

Building on the literature on the concept-product gap in new product development, we examine how FinTech SMEs are developing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based innovations and which organisational or project factors best contribute to the acceleration of AI innovation. The empirical evidence collected from interviews with key stakeholders, practitioners’ forums, and public company documents yields two distinct approaches that differ in their potential for accelerating innovation and reducing the concept-product gap. From a contingency perspective, these two approaches are expanded into four distinct development process configurations, contingent on the business development stage, reliance on 3rd party platforms, availability of high volumes of data, investment level, organisational agility, and level of novelty. The resulting process typology could be used as a diagnostic tool for FinTech SMEs interested in effectively leveraging AI innovation. Using contingency theory, we further develop these insights into a new theoretical framework to explain how AI innovation development unfolds in FinTech SMEs and the rationale for different implementations. Our new process typology and theoretical model can help researchers investigate the mechanisms underlying technological innovation processes. We further identify the specific reasons why the potential of AI for creating new services and disrupting incumbents via digital startups has not been fully realised even in contexts with significant investment and support from public and private business development programmes. This field is still rapidly evolving, and thus, new areas for future research are also highlighted.

A public mid-density genotyping platform for cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)

Small public breeding programmes have many barriers to adopting technology, particularly creating and using genetic marker panels for genomic-based decisions in selection. Here we report the creation of a DArTag panel of 3,000 loci distributed across the tetraploid genome of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) for use in molecular breeding and genomic prediction. The creation of this marker panel brings cost-effective and rapid genotyping capabilities to public and private breeding programmes. The open access provided by this platform will allow genetic data sets generated on the marker panel to be compared and joined across projects, institutions and countries. This genotyping resource has the power to make routine genotyping a reality for any breeder of blueberry.

Newborn screening in Colombia: The experience of a private program in Bogotá

Introduction. The first neonatal screening program in Colombia – PREGEN – was set up in the medical private sector of Bogotá in 1988. We report the results from recent years that, given the scarcity of similar information in our country, may help estimate the frequency of the evaluated neonatal disorders and which ones should be included in the neonatal screening programs in our country. Objective. To describe the results of PREGEN´s newborn screening program between 2006 and 2019. Materials and methods. We analyzed databases and other informative documents preserved in PREGEN from the 2006-2019 period. Results. One in every 164 newborns screened in our program had an abnormal hemoglobin variant, and one in every 194 carried some hemoglobin S variant. Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and congenital hypothyroidism are next as the more common disorders. Conclusions. Abnormal hemoglobin causes the most frequent monogenic disorder in the world. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common enzymopathy affecting nearly 400 million individuals worldwide. Since both disorders are more common in people of African descent and confer some resistance to malaria, we believe that screening for both disorders may be more relevant in the areas with African ancestry in our country.

Understanding boys' underrepresentation in private and enriched programmes during the transition to secondary school.

In the past decades, there has been a growing concern to understand why boys struggle in school. One of the turning points in students' educational trajectories likely to exacerbate boys' academic difficulties is students' enrolment in private or enriched school programmes, as boys are underrepresented in such programmes. To better understand this gender imbalance, our research draws on a longitudinal design to examine whether grade 6 students' externalizing behaviours, school engagement and school grades in mathematics and language arts relate to secondary school programme attendance, among a sample size of 577 students (277 boys). Path analysis showed that only language arts grades predicted enrolment in private or selective public programmes and contributed to boys' underrepresentation in these programmes. Such findings have important implications for understanding boys' underachievement and low persistence in school as well as to guide interventions to promote gender and overall educational equity in school.

Higher education system in the Kyrgyz Republic at the present stage

Relevance. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the fact that in the conditions of global changes it is necessary to train a new generation of citizens able to adequately respond to the challenges of society.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reforms carried out in higher education in the Kyrgyz Republic to determine compliance with international standards.Methodology. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalisation) and special scientific (historical-logical, retrospective, system-structural analysis, statistical) methods.Results. The findings of this study describe that Kyrgyz Republic has gradually implemented the European initiative on harmonisation of the education system for interaction between European universities, as well as reforming the higher education system. It was noted that in the Kyrgyz Republic, for the implementation of tasks to meet international standards of education, a transition was carried out to a credit-module system following the Bologna Convention; developed social partnerships and active involvement of employers in the educational process; an effective policy was carried out on human resources management. Kyrgyz Republic�s education system has undergone two stages during the last 15 years, namely the liberal stage and the stage of comparative stability. In the Kyrgyz Republic there is now an inherent desire to rationalise the management of education, the focus on consolidation and use of European practices has become a determining factor. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of exchange programmes involving students and teachers from Kyrgyz Republic, for instance: the presidential programme �El Umutu�, private programmes from international organisations (Erasmus Mundus, Tempus).Conclusions. The practical significance of this study is that the main provisions, ideas, and conclusions can serve scientists, teachers, and researchers for further scientific searches on reforming higher education in Kyrgyz Republic.

Global Supply Chains Made Visible through Logistics Security Management

Background: For several years, two of the major concerns of logistics managers are (i) the visibility of global supply chains and (ii) the uncertainty in deciding which existing logistics security program is the most appropriate according to the security levels for their organization. This last decision is needed to ensure traceability and visibility of the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the main public and private supply chain security management programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative research methodology based on thematic content analysis is followed. The four main existing security programs in Latin America and the Caribbean are systematically compared and a common general framework is developed. Results: The analysis shows a high degree of similarity between the levels of security contained in the selected programs. Conclusions: We found that there is little guidance available for companies interested in managing security risks in their supply chains through these logistics’ security programs. This article contributes to the literature on logistics security programs that is currently gaining momentum in managing security risks in global supply chains and provides academic insights into the choice and/or complementarity of one or more logistics security programs.

“There’s No One-Size-Fits-All Approach”: Challenges and Strategies Coaching Preschooler Sport in Canada

Coaches are seminal figures within sport, playing a key role in youths’ development, particularly when their approach and practices suit the age and context in which they are coaching. However, little is known about coaches’ experiences within early years (<6) sport. This case study examined coaches’ experiences in early years sport, revealing challenges-faced and strategies drawn-upon for effective coaching. Semistructured interviews with 10 coaches (Mage = 37.8; 7 male) leading multisport, soccer, dance, rugby, hockey, and t-ball programming to children 2–5 years contributed insights. Key challenges included children’s resistance to participate and varied ability levels; however, these were mitigated by creative best practices focused on age-appropriate delivery (e.g., use of stories/imagination, “classroom” management). Notably, effective strategies were often offered by coaches from private and club-based programs, whereas community-based volunteer coaches received less age-specific training and resources and had more turnover. Broader societal-level challenges related to parental expectations and pressures were also discussed. Findings highlight early years sport as a unique context in which interpersonal and intrapersonal coaching knowledge appear most critical. Identified best practices may support early years sport coaches in their day-to-day roles while highlighting the importance of preparing all early years sport coaches to deliver effective age-appropriate programming.

Registration of R16‐45 as a flood‐tolerant, high‐yielding soybean germplasm line

AbstractR16‐45 (Reg. no. GP‐526, PI 704118) is a high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding line with flood tolerance at early reproductive stages released as germplasm by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. It is an F2 selection from the cross between the flood‐tolerant breeding line R07‐6669 and the high‐yielding Arkansas cultivar ‘UA 5612’. R16‐45 is a conventional (non‐genetically modified) soybean with a relative maturity of 5.6. Plants have determinate growth habit, white flower color, and buff hilum color. It has gray pubescence, tan pod wall at maturity, and yellow cotyledons with a dull yellow seed coat. R16‐45 showed high yield potential and broad adaptability across 17 environments in Arkansas and other southern states, with an average of 4145 kg ha−1 (95.3% of the checks’ mean). Six years of field evaluations for flooding tolerance showed that R16‐45 is consistently tolerant to 8‐to‐10‐day flooding stress at the R1/R2 growth stages (average flood damage score of 3.6, compared with 6.0 from the reference checks). In addition, R16‐45 is resistant to stem canker. Given substantial yield losses associated with flooding stress and stem canker, R16‐45 is a valuable germplasm source for public and private soybean breeding programs attempting to incorporate novel genetic diversity into their breeding pipeline.

ІТАЛІЯ ПІСЛЯ МААСТРИХТУ: ВИКЛИКИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ У 1990-ТІ РР.

The article examines the impact of the signing of the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, the foundation of the EU, on political and economic processes in Italy in the 1990s. The transition from the EEC to a new form of European integration was the subject of a general political consensus. The question was raised about the influence of European integration on the 1992–1994 «Mani pulite» scandal, which was characterized by a series of trials against prominent officials and ended with the collapse of the old political system of the First Republic. As a result, Italy for the first time created a «technical government» under the former head of the Bank of Italy, C. A. Ciampi, which was a kind of temporary administration that launched the mechanism for implementing EU reforms. At the same time, a block of newly created Eurosceptic parties was consolidated in Italy. The block won the parliamentary elections, as a result of which a government led by S. Berlusconi was formed in 1994. Despite the anti-European statements declared by this government, it failed to stop the process of European integration. After the collapse of S. Berlusconi’s government in 1996, the pro-European coalition «Olive Tree», headed by R. Prodi, came to power. Thus, in the political system of the Second Republic (1994 – pr.t.), the issue of European integration became the main marker of division between various political forces, which lost the character of mass ideological parties of the 20th century and have become unstable personalist projects. The governments of the «Olive Tree» managed to give new impetus to European integration reforms, the main of which was the introduction of the euro instead of the national currency – the lira. This reform was perceived as an opportunity to renovate the Italian Republic as a consequence of strengthening the state apparatus, the program of privatization of the public sector of the economy, and a more cautious budget policy. The permission from the EU to switch to the euro since 1999 proved that, despite difficulties of a political and economic nature, Italy managed to carry out key reforms, and with the introduction of the euro instead of the national currency, the European integration of the country became an irreversible process.

On the definition of pesticide-free crop production systems

Pesticide-free but non-organic production systems have been recently introduced in public and private programs in Europe. However, a key challenge is to define what ‘pesticide-free’ comprises and means. This paper aims to give insights in and critical reflections on the definition and regulation of pesticide-free crop production systems in real-world programs. To this end, we review four examples of public and private pesticide-free production programs in European crop production (i.e. from France, Germany and Switzerland). Our analysis reveals several semantic and regulatory inconsistencies and potential confusion that exists around the term pesticide-free crop production, i.e. we find that it is far from clear-cut what pesticide-free production systems are. For example, programs differ with respect to which part of the crop management cycle is regulated. Moreover, all programs offer various exceptions for pesticide use. Definitions and regulations differ widely across case studies. For example, to participate in governmental programs on pesticide-free production farmers in one country have different requirements than in another. Moreover, governmental regulations not match with those in private programs and vice versa. Pesticide-free production programs can be a useful and viable addition to European agricultural and food systems. However, based on the here presented insights, we formulate eight recommendations for policy and industry how to clarify, align and harmonize pesticide-free crop production.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI BIMBINGAN PELATIHAN MEMBATIK DI PKBM MARSUDI KARYA BIDANG PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN [COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH BATIK TRAINING GUIDANCE AT PKBM MARSUDI KARYA FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Community empowerment is one of the studies of non-formal education because it includes adult education practices such as training. Community empowerment can be used as a solution to eradicate unemployment. This has been implemented by many government and private programs. Empowerment, if seen as a process, is a stage of activity to strengthen community power which is still considered weak, whereas if seen from its objectives, empowerment is an activity to achieve a goal which includes social change and community independence. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Community empowerment through Banyumasan Batik production is implemented through stages in accordance with several existing theories. The conclusion of this research shows that implementing empowerment through the correct stages of empowerment will make it easier to achieve empowerment goals as planned so that empowerment can also be achieved from a socio-economic, political and psychological perspective. The existence of good cooperation between facilitators and beneficiaries will achieve empowerment goals easily, this can be used as advice for problems that exist in the empowerment process through the production of Banyumasan Batik in Patikraja Village.

A theoretical and empirical investigation into the effect of accreditation tenure and affiliation on distinctiveness

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to develop knowledge on why some accredited programmes are more distinct. Accreditation and distinctiveness are both important in higher education: maintaining accreditation signals quality, while distinctiveness helps programmes meet their stakeholders’ preferences. Our application of two-stage valuation theory implies that programmes are higher on distinctiveness when they view distinctiveness as beneficial without it posing a substantial risk to their reaccreditation. We quantitatively test the implications of two-stage valuation theory through text analysis of 369 mission statements of business programmes with accreditation from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). We examined mission statements, because the AACSB requires that mission statements reflect programmes’ aspirations such as distinctiveness. The multisource data show an inverse U-shaped relationship between accreditation tenure and distinctiveness. The data also show that public programmes have lower distinctiveness than private programmes across lengths of accreditation tenure. This research contributes by helping to shift the discussion from whether reaccreditation helps or harms distinctiveness to how and when reaccreditation impacts distinctiveness. Further, it demonstrates that affiliation serves as a boundary condition on the effect of reaccreditation on distinctiveness.

Evaluation System for the Reading Al-Quran Private Program Using the Iqra Method

This evaluation study aims to determine the quality and output of the Private Program for Reading Al-Quran using the Iqra Method to eliminate illiteracy in Reading Al-Quran for Santri at Dayah Ummul Ayman Aceh. The method used in descriptive quantitative research. The data taken is primary data. The data source comes from questionnaires filled out by research subjects. This research is evaluation research using the Quality Evaluation Model and Learning Output, better known as the EKOP Model. This research was conducted at the Private Program for Reading Al-Quran using the Iqra Method at Dayah Ummul Ayman, Putoh Village, Samalanga District, Bireuen Regency, Aceh Province in June 2023 with a sample of 45 santri (N = 45). Data collection using tests and questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistical techniques using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. The results of the study found that the quality of learning in the private program of reading Al-Quran with the Iqra method at Dayah Ummul Ayman had gone well. However, Learning Facilities are still in the Adequate category. The Learning Output in the Private Program Reading Al-Quran with the Iqra Method at Dayah Ummul Ayman in terms of Academic Proficiency has achieved a fairly high score. However, the Learning Output on the Personal and Social Proficiency indicators is still in the Adequate category. The recommendations for improvement given are to improve learning facilities better. In addition, learning output in the context of personal skills and social skills must also be improved.