Private Pharmaceutical Companies Research Articles

Penalties for Fraud in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Financial and Reputational Analysis

In this study, we examined federal cases involving fraud by pharmaceutical manufacturers between 2000 and 2022, including only publicly held companies whose settlements were at least $1 million. 169 cases were identified. Our goal was to determine if the penalties would simply be a nuisance to the company or if they would have a significant financial impact. In addition, we discussed a private pharmaceutical company and included the findings from a content analysis of public sentiment to assess the lingering impact of fraud on a brand. For both the public and private firms, we found evidence of negative impact, both financial and reputational. We also highlighted the fact that the financial penalties were significant for only a portion of the companies analyzed and that many of the manufacturers continue to commit violations repeatedly, regardless of the penalties assessed.

Exploring How Healthcare Organizations Use Twitter: A Discourse Analysis

The use of Twitter by healthcare organizations is an effective means of disseminating medical information to the public. However, the content of tweets can be influenced by various factors, such as health emergencies and medical breakthroughs. In this study, we conducted a discourse analysis to better understand how public and private healthcare organizations use Twitter and the factors that influence the content of their tweets. Data were collected from the Twitter accounts of five private pharmaceutical companies, two US and two Canadian public health agencies, and the World Health Organization from 1 January 2020, to 31 December 2022. The study applied topic modeling and association rule mining to identify text patterns that influence the content of tweets across different Twitter accounts. The findings revealed that building a reputation on Twitter goes beyond just evaluating the popularity of a tweet in the online sphere. Topic modeling, when applied synchronously with hashtag and tagging analysis can provide an increase in tweet popularity. Additionally, the study showed differences in language use and style across the Twitter accounts’ categories and discussed how the impact of popular association rules could translate to significantly more user engagement. Overall, the results of this study provide insights into natural language processing for health literacy and present a way for organizations to structure their future content to ensure maximum public engagement.

The Effect of Production and Sales on Leverage and Profitability in The JKN Era (State-Owned and Private Pharmaceutical Companies Tbk, Period 2014–2018)

The implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) by BPJS has an impact on the pharmaceutical industry, there are an increase in demand for generic drugs, resulting in increased production, increased drug consumption in quantity, but decreased sales because pharmaceutical companies have to compete with small margins. The purpose of this study is to describe the financial performance of pharmaceutical companies in the JKN era, to analyze the factors that can affect leverage and profitability. This research was conducted at state-owned pharmaceutical companies (PT. Kimia Farma and PT. Indofarma) and private pharmaceutical companies (PT Merck and PT Kalbe). The two independent variables in this study, namely production and sales, were analyzed to see how they affect the leverage and profitability dependent variables. Descriptive analysis shows the financial performance of each company in the JKN era. Product analysis shows that at PT Kimia Farma production has a strong correlation with leverage and sales growth has a strong correlation with profitability, at PT Indofarma production and sales growth has a strong correlation with leverage and profitability, at PT Merck leverage has a strong correlation with profitability, while the correlation between sales growth on leverage does not show a strong correlation with the four companies, at PT Kalbe sales growth has a strong influence on leverage and leverage has a strong effect on profitability

The Impact of Distinctive Features of Blockchain Technology on the Customer's Agility: The Modified Role of the Requirements for the Implementation of Blockchain Technology-Applied Study in the Egyptian Pharmaceutical Companies

This study aims to investigate to what extent the sample recognizes the distinctive features of blockchain technology, the requirements of the implementation of this technology and customer agility (sensing and responsing), as well as how this effect varies with the presence of a modifying variable (the requirements of the implementation of this technology), as the study aims to identify the significant differences between the views of the sample on the distinctive features of blockchain technology, the requirements of the implementation of this technology and customer agility according to the nature of the ownership of the company (foreign or private). The study was applied to 388 managers (top and IT managers of foreign and private pharmaceutical companies). Using SEM available in SmartPLS 2.0.M3, the study found that top and IT managers of foreign and private pharmaceutical companies recognize the presence of the distinctive features of blockchain technology, the requirements for its implementation and customer agility, as the results proved a positive significant effect of the distinctive features of blockchain technology on customer agility and a positive significant effect of the requirements of the implementation of blockchains on the relationship between them as a modifying variable. The study proved that there are statistically significant differences between the sample of mangers about distinctive features of blockchain technology and the requirements of the implementation of this technology in favor of foreign companies, while there have been no significant differences in relation to the customer agility. The study presents several recommendations, including supporting the availability of the requirements for the implementation of blockchain technology to significantly and effectively support customer agility in pharmaceutical companies operating in Egypt.

Phage therapy in the treatment of combat trauma

The high resistance of the bacterial flora to existing antibacterial drugs makes it necessary to look for new approaches in the tactics of treating infectious wound complications. Phage therapy is one of the alternative ways to solve this problem. Foreign military medical organizations, together with private pharmaceutical companies, with the financial support of states, are actively developing all kinds of ways to use bacteriophages in various areas of combating bacterial infectious agents. The article outlines main research programs aimed at studying the possibilities of phage therapy in combat and burn injuries, which are being developed in Western Europe (France, Poland, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland), the USA, China, and Israel.

Taiwan's Efforts to Recreate Remdesivir

This article reports Taiwan's efforts to replicate remdesivir to prepare for combating COVID-19. There were two state-funded institutions and two private pharmaceutical companies working on remdesivir synthesis. They all claimed to successfully complete remdesivir of a high purity. But, since Gilead Sciences, Inc. has patented remdesivir in Taiwan, the Taiwan Government needs to initiate compulsory licensing under the Patent Act to start large-scale manufacturing of remdesivir within its territory.

Direito sanitário: avaliação de marcos regulatórios sobre lançamento de medicamentos de base biotecnológica no Brasil

Introdução: Requerimentos regulatórios ligados à área farmacêutica têm sido crescentes nas últimas décadas, em função das novas alternativas terapêuticas que, em sua maioria, apresentam maior especificidade e menores efeitos colaterais, principalmente de medicamentos oriundos de base biológica. O sistema regulatório representa um problema para muitos países quando não há regras harmonizadas e, num contexto de mundo globalizado, nem sempre o ambiente produtivo está inserido no ambiente do usuário final. O presente trabalho avalia o painel regulatório brasileiro para produtos de origem biológica e sua consequência no desenvolvimento/lançamento desses produtos. Método: Foi realizado um levantamento com indústrias farmacêuticas, por meio de questionário, abrangendo empresas públicas e privadas, de capital nacional e estrangeiro. Resultados e considerações finais: Com base nesse levantamento, observou-se que os principais marcos regulatórios trouxeram mudanças para o lançamento de produtos biológicos no Brasil, sobretudo com maior participação das empresas privadas nacionais e incremento no setor industrial público brasileiro.

PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN FARMASI MILIK BUMN DAN SWASTA PERIODE 2016-2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the financial performance of state-owned pharmaceutical companies with private-owned pharmaceutical companies and find out what factors affect differences in company performance based on analysis of profitability, market value rations and EVA. This study using a quantitative approach using a comparative descriptive method that took a sample of 4 pharmaceutical companies listed on the Stock Excahange. The data analysis technique uses a different independent sample T-test by comparing financial data from state-owned and private pharmaceutical companies in the 2016-2018 period. The results of the study show that return on equity (ROE) analysis of state-owned pharmaceutical companies is not safe because there are significant differences in the precentage above 15% and private pharmaceutical above 15%. The earning per share (EPS) analysis results of state-owned companies reached 0,35 and private pharmaceutical companies reached 50,71. As well as economic value added (EVA) analysis produces data there are differences in financial performace where the state-owned pharmaceutical companies have increased and privat pharmaceutical companies have decreased.

Proposta para o alinhamento entre o plano estratégico institucional de um laboratório farmacêutico oficial e o departamento de ti

As organizações, quer sejam públicas ou privadas, necessitam de estratégias bem definidas para seus negócios, bem como um plano de gestão de seus recursos. Para o setor farmacêutico, não é diferente, haja vista que se trata de um setor que movimenta US$ 1,3 trilhões anualmente Quintiles and IMS Health, Inc. [IQVIA] (2019). Os Laboratórios Farmacêuticos Oficias (LFO) entram nesse contexto, com maior responsabilidade, pois gerenciam recursos públicos como devolutiva à Sociedade de medicamentos negligenciados pelas empresas farmacêuticas privadas. Contudo, a estratégia também deve estar alinhada com os demais setores da corporação, já que é sabido que falta de alinhamento estratégico em empresas acaba fazendo com que muitos recursos humanos e financeiros sejam empregados em projetos e iniciativas não tão relevantes para o negócio. Nesse sentido, a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) deve estar não só nas corporações, como também alinhada ao negócio de fato. Na busca pelo alinhamento entre a área de TI e o núcleo do negócio de um LFO, este trabalho pretende propor um modelo de alinhamento estratégico, tomando por base pontos dos modelos de Broadbeck e Hoppen (2003) e Kearns e Sabherwal (2006) estruturados sob a ideia trazida pelo modelo sistemático de Moreira (2002). Como resultado, uma sistemática para o alinhamento foi montada, assim como aplicada de maneira parcial no LFO em questão. O presente trabalho, portanto, além de contribuir diretamente para a estratégia organizacional do LFO, também contribui socialmente para todas as demais empresas ou setores públicos que desejarem aplicar o método para otimizar seus processos e práticas gerenciais e estratégicas.

Cash Dividends and Share Repurchases in Ukrainian Pharmaceutical Companies

The study attempts to pinpoint politically and economically induced corporate payout patterns in Ukrainian pharmaceutical firms. The authors identify key trends of corporate payouts of private pharmaceutical companies in Ukraine. The research analyses panel data generated from the ten biggest firms during 2010–2017. Pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is used to check if financial performance, competition and macroeconomic indicators affect the level of cash dividends and share repurchases. The final sample includes 720 observations. The decision to pay a certain proportion of dividends and repurchases is an outcome of countervailing macroeconomic, firm-level, competitive and political forces. The amount of cash dividends is directly proportional to retained earnings and earnings per share. Dividends also tend to decline as total assets grow. Share repurchases are negatively affected by Consumer Price Index and market competition and boosted by increased retained earnings.

Anti-Flavivirus Vaccines: Review of the Present Situation and Perspectives of Subunit Vaccines Produced in Escherichia coli.

This article aims to review the present status of anti-flavivirus subunit vaccines, both those at the experimental stage and those already available for clinical use. Aspects regarding development of vaccines to Yellow Fever virus, (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are highlighted, with particular emphasis on purified recombinant proteins generated in bacterial cells. Currently licensed anti-flavivirus vaccines are based on inactivated, attenuated, or virus-vector vaccines. However, technological advances in the generation of recombinant antigens with preserved structural and immunological determinants reveal new possibilities for the development of recombinant protein-based vaccine formulations for clinical testing. Furthermore, novel proposals for multi-epitope vaccines and the discovery of new adjuvants and delivery systems that enhance and/or modulate immune responses can pave the way for the development of successful subunit vaccines. Nonetheless, advances in this field require high investments that will probably not raise interest from private pharmaceutical companies and, therefore, will require support by international philanthropic organizations and governments of the countries more severely stricken by these viruses.

Digital Therapeutic Platform for Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, multi-system autoimmune disease of unclear etiology that causes significant morbidity and, in severely affected patients, early mortality. Despite efforts from academic and private research entities, pharmaceutical companies, and patient advocacy groups, and hundreds of millions of dollars in spending, numerous gaps in care still exist. A digital therapeutic platform is described that uses self-tracking technology, analytics, and telehealth coaching to identify and remove possible dietary and/or other lifestyle triggers of SLE. A clinical proof of concept study was performed with 18 SLE patients over a 12 week program. All participants reported improvements in their symptoms, including pain, fatigue, digestive, and other physical symptoms.Clinical Relevance- This study demonstrates the technical and clinical feasibility of a digital therapeutic platform to improve the health-related quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Farmasi Milik BUMN dan Swasta di BEI Periode 2016-2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the financial performance of state-owned pharmaceutical companies with private-owned pharmaceutical companies and find out what factors affect differences in company performance based on analysis of profitability, market value rations and EVA. This study using a quantitative approach using a comparative descriptive method that took a sample of 4 pharmaceutical companies listed on the Stock Excahange. The data analysis technique uses a different independent sample T-test by comparing financial data from state-owned and private pharmaceutical companies in the 2016-2018 period. The results of the study show that return on equity (ROE) analysis of state-owned pharmaceutical companies is not safe because there are significant differences in the precentage above 15% and private pharmaceutical above 15%. The earning per share (EPS) analysis results of state-owned companies reached 0,35 and private pharmaceutical companies reached 50,71. As well as economic value added (EVA) analysis produces data there are differences in financial performace where the state-owned pharmaceutical companies have increased and privat pharmaceutical companies have decreased.

PNS121 PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE COLLABORATION WITH PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN EGYPT

This study aims to evaluate the readiness for collaboration between private health insurance (PHI) and pharmaceutical companies in Egypt. On-site survey on the 2nd of April 2019 was administered during a workshop attended by decision makers representing different private health insurance players (Third party administrator - TPA, insurer, Health Maintenance Organization – HMO). Anonymous voting was conducted on questions evaluating key elements for collaboration: trust; common objectives; perceived benefits; ideas for collaboration. An online survey was used to evaluate the same concept among decision makers from several pharmaceutical companies in Egypt. Twenty-four representatives from the PHI responded to the survey, and ten representatives filled in the online survey. The PHI had weak (41%) trust in all their stakeholders (0% meaning no trust, while 100% indicates full trust). Trust in pharmaceutical companies specifically fell below the average (38%). Pharmaceutical companies have higher average trust in their stakeholders (49%), among which their trust in PHI was close to average (48%), higher than their trust in hospitals and physicians (45% each). Fifty eight percent of the respondents from the PHI reported weak to no common purpose with the pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, 70% of the respondents from the pharmaceutical companies reported they share a common goal. PHI representatives’ objective was to acquire the pharmaceutical products at a lower price. Comparably, pharmaceutical companies coincided about having better access to their patients. Ninety percent and 88% of the pharmaceutical companies’ and PHI respondents respectively, believe that collaboration would give them a competitive advantage. Although both PHI, and pharmaceutical companies highly believe that collaboration will give each a competitive advantage, there is a trust issue between both parties. For a successful collaboration, both parties must work on building up trust and working on patient benefit as a common interest.

Recent Developments on Conquering Zika

Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that Zika, a virus, which has been linked to birth defects and neurological complications, no longer constitutes an international emergency. However, it still remains a threat which calls for a long term efforts to address the issue through development of vaccines. Several ongoing clinical trials led by government and private pharmaceutical companies have shown a great promise in the treatment of Zika. Apart from these trials, there are also ongoing research on understanding the virus better, its transmission mode and future possibility of leveraging it in other disease treatments. This article provides an insight on these efforts and their findings.

Espousal of Welfare Schemes

Employee welfare is a prerequisite and critical factor for growth of any organization. The welfare facilities improve the organizational relations, and also enhance the competence and effectiveness of the employees. The employees' work life is vital, as they are the pillars of an organization. The main aim of implementing the welfare schemes in any organization is to secure the labour force by providing proper human condition of work and minimizing its hazardous effect on the life of the employees and their family members. The present study is an attempt to determine the various employee welfare schemes adopted by different private pharmaceutical companies, and its impact on the employee's satisfaction on work life.

Technological Capability Building in the Brazilian Pharmaceutical Industry

ABSTRACTThis article presents a study of the level of technological capability of national pharmaceutical companies in order to assess their absorptive capacity of foreign technology for producing biological drugs. The research collected primary data through surveys of 24 Brazilian pharmaceutical companies (classified into three categories: state-owned laboratories, private pharmaceutical companies, and start-ups), who answered a closed questionnaire about technological capabilities and learning strategies. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics regarding the type of organization, level of technological competence (basic, intermediate, and advanced), and the nature of technological competence (operational and innovative). The results show that private pharmaceutical companies have a greater capacity to absorb foreign technology due to their previous experience with incremental innovation. In contrast, the state-owned pharmaceutical laboratories lack technological competencies in production and research and development (R&D) and therefore must make veritable “technological leaps” to comply with the demands of Brazil’s Ministry of Health. The start-ups, however, although standing out in terms of the degree of novelty of their technological innovations, lack the complementary assets to exploit economically the results of their R&D and are dependent on local industry to bring new products to market. Regarding technological learning, which requires a more active strategic positioning by the firms, most organizations proved to be dependent on public policies to invest in technological capability building, focusing strictly on incorporating technology for drug production (except for some private pharmaceutical companies), without seeking to advance in technological innovations.

Trend of invasive pneumococal disease (IPD) in a South Western, Nigerian hospital.

The recent introduction of the Heptavalent-pneumococcal vaccine (PCV-7) by private pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria, has generated interest in invasive bacterial diseases particularly IPD. Our objective in this study is to investigate the trend and occurrence rate of IPD in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Suspected IPD cases were assessed from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 for demographic and Microbiological characteristics. Bacterial isolations and antibiotics susceptibility testing followed standard bacteriological procedure. Overall 471 cases of probable IPD was assessed, with 21(4.5%) cases of suspected pneumonia, 109(23.1%) cases of suspected meningitis, and 341(72.4%) cases of suspected septicaemia. Confirmed IPD cases were 9 with 2 cases of meningitis, 3 cases of septicaemia and 4 cases of pneumonia. Age range distribution showed, high distribution of IPD cases among children >1 with 5(55.6%) there was a statistically significant difference in gender p< 0.05 (X2 test) with females recording a higher occurrence than males. We conclude by advocating for better detection methods against IPD meningitis cases, and continuous surveillance into the serotypes of streptococcus pneumonia as well inclusion of the PCV vaccine into our childhood immunization program.

Improvised model for BoP healthcare in India: lessons from NRHM

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop an improvised sustainable health-care model by integrating best practices, innovations and new dimensions to the present public health-care system – National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) – for improving the health status of the bottom of pyramid (BoP) in India.Design/methodology/approach– The contribution of NRHM in ensuring the availability of health-care services and improving health indicators has been assessed. Some unique proven models of excellent health-care services and innovations have also been considered in designing an improvised health-care model. The empirical context takes the use of case study research methodology. The data have been extracted from various relevant papers, reports and websites.Findings– Despite substantial augmentation in health infrastructure and human resources, increased local engagement and technology integration, the progress in health indicators during the NRHM has not been fairly better than that before. The present paper provides an improvised model that integrates all the potential stakeholders such as Government, Private health-care services providers, pharmaceutical and insurance companies and BoP community itself to ensuring 5As rather than 4As (Prahalad, 2004) in rural health care.Research limitations/implications– This study has relied mainly upon the secondary sources of data and some published case studies. The model is a hypothetical framework designed exclusively for rural setups of India.Practical implications– The study shows the ways and invites all the stakeholders to come forward and build hybrid partnerships not only to develop society but also to develop sustainable BoP markets and earn profits.Originality/value– The paper brings forth the aspects of achievements and limitations of NRHM in improving BoP health status, and it develops an improvised model to achieve the BoP-health objectives.

Prevalence and severity of anthelmintic resistance in ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in Australia (2009-2012).

This study aimed to provide an indication of the prevalence and severity of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in the Australian sheep industry by compiling the results of faecal worm egg count reduction tests (FECRTs). Government and private parasitology laboratories, pharmaceutical companies and veterinarians known to have conducted FECRTs were asked to provide results that conformed to Australian and New Zealand standard diagnostic procedures. Data were available from a total of 390 tests, with larval differentiation conducted in 222 cases. Pooled results from all states for the macrocyclic lactone (ML) class showed a lower prevalence of AR against combined species for moxidectin (54%) compared with abamectin (77%) and ivermectin (87%). Analysis by state revealed higher levels of ML-resistant Teladorsagia sp. in Tasmania and Western Australia than in other states and ML-resistant Haemonchus sp. was more frequently detected in New South Wales. This compilation of results of FECRTs conducted by Australian parasitology laboratories in 2009-12 showed widespread AR of the common sheep nematodes (Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus) to all broad-spectrum anthelmintics, with the exception of monepantel, whether used singly or in combination.