Private Parts Research Articles

Peran Politisi Perempuan Dalam Memelihara Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga Persfektif Hukum Islam (Studi Pada Dewan Pimpinan Daerah Partai Golkar Provinsi Bengkulu)

Abstract: The formulation of the problems that will be raised in this study are: 1. What is the role of women politicians in maintaining household harmony in the Regional Leadership Council of the Golkar Party in Bengkulu Province? 2. How is the Islamic Law Review of the role of women politicians in maintaining household harmony in the Regional Leadership Council of the Golkar Party in Bengkulu Province? The type of research used in this study is empirical juridical legal research. This study concludes that: 1. Based on the results of the author’s research, it can be concluded that the role of female politicians in maintaining household harmony in the Regional Leadership Council of the Golkar Party Bengkulu Province is as follows: In serving with her husband, Mrs. Mardensi and Mrs. Mega Sulastri did it intensively every time, Even though as members of the legislature, Ms. Mardensi and Ms. Mega Sulastri are still like other mothers, such as preparing breakfast for her husband and children, preparing all the husband’s needs if there is an outside service. For every holiday, try to travel with the family and cook food according to the tastes of the children and husband. , Give each other attention by giving birthday gifts to husbands and Establishing communication and being honest and open to husbands and creating a pleasant atmosphere in the family. 2. Review of Islamic Law on the Role of Women Politicians in maintaining household harmony in the Regional Leadership Council of the Golkar Party in Bengkulu Province. Basically, Islam does not prohibit women from participating in both the domestic and public spheres. The obligatory role of women in the domestic sphere is as a wife to her husband and mother to her children. Meanwhile, as a member of the community in matters of muamalah in the public domain, they are punished with an emergency rukhshah. This means that even though it is permissible, women must still follow existing Islamic rules, including when leaving the house they have to cover their private parts, get permission from their husbands and always prioritize the aspect of benefit both for the household and for the community. If it causes more harm to the family then professions outside the home must be abandoned considering something that is an emergency cannot leave things that are mandatory. Keywords: Women, Family, Politics

Rate-Splitting and Common Message Decoding in Hybrid Cloud/Mobile Edge Computing Networks

This paper proposes, and evaluates the benefits of, a hybrid central cloud (CC) and mobile edge computing (MEC) platform, especially introduced to balance the network resources for joint communication and computation. The transmission is further empowered by splitting the users’ messages into private and common parts, to mitigate the interference within the CC and MEC platforms. While several power-hungry, computationally-limited unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are deployed at the cell-edge to boost the CC connectivity and relieve part of its computation burden, the CC connects to the base-stations via capacity-limited fronthauls. The paper then considers the problem of maximizing the weighted sum-rate subject to fronthaul and computation capacity, achievable rates, power, delay, and data-split constraints. Thereby determining the beamforming vectors associated with the private and common messages, the computation allocations, and the data-split factors. Such intricate non-convex optimization problem is tackled using an iterative algorithm that relies on well-chosen discrete relaxation, successive convex approximation, and fractional programming, and can be compellingly implemented in a distributed fashion. The simulations illustrate the proposed algorithm’s capabilities for empowering joint communication and computation, and highlight the pronounced role of rate-splitting and common message decoding in alleviating large-scale interference in hybrid CC/MEC networks.

Prevalence of Vulvo-Vaginitis and Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt

Background: The yeast-like fungus Candida albicans, a common resident of the mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract, is the source of the infectious disease known as candidiasis. Aim: This research is aimed at determining the prevalence of vulvo-vaginitis and risk factors among women of reproductive age in Port Harcourt. Methodology: This research study was a cross-sectional study consisting 450 randomly selected women attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. The participants were categorized into four groups; Out Patients, Pregnant women, HIV positive women and Healthy volunteers. A total of 150 urine samples were collected from out patients, 100 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, 100 urine samples were collected from HIV positive women and 100 urine samples were collected from students (healthy volunteers). A total of 200 HVS samples were collected across all groups and 50 samples from each groups. Via a well-structured questionnaire, data regarding risk factors (awareness, personal hygiene and lifestyle) of candida infection were obtained. Urine samples were tested macroscopically, microscopically and by culturing. HVS samples were tested microscopically and culturing using germ tube test. Results: There was no association (p-value>0.05) between candidiasis and awareness parameters in urine and HVS. There is association (p-value<0.05) between candidiasis and washing, wash private parts, wash with, tight underwear in HVS. Under personal hygiene, there is association (p-value<0.05) between candidiasis and clean after urination in urine but there was no association (p-value>0.05) between candidiasis and repeat underwear. Under lifestyle, there is association (p-value<0.05) between candidiasis and unprotected sex and STI screening of partner in HVS. There was no association (p-value>0.05) between candidiasis and sexually active, protect with and STI screening self in both urine and HVS. Conclusion: This study personal hygiene practice and lifestyle are factors that affect the spread of candidiasis among women attending RSUTH.

Interpretation of the commandment to women's hijab authorize according to the Quran, Al Hadith and Ahlussunnah Waljamaah Ulama

This research discusses the interpretation of the obligation to wear hijab for Muslim women according to various sources, such as hadith scholars and also verses of the quran. Moreover, it has received a series of inputs from literary sources in the form of books and also writings of Islamic committees, which we have reviewed to obtain answers to the research questions. The data were processed through data review system to verify, code, interpret and summarize the results to obtain accurate data and high validity. Based on the data, we can convey that the obligation to wear the hijab is legally obligatory following the hadith which states that women should wear their headscarves all over their bodies. In closing, women are required to cover their private parts, which means Muslim women must wear clothes that cover their bodies from heads to toes except for their faces and palms; and if this is violated, they will receive sanction.

“Tudung lingkup”, the Malay woman’s clothing in Seberang Jambi City

The “Tudung lingkup” is one of the clothes worn by Malay women in Seberang Kota Jambi. The “tudung lingkup” has been present in the midst of Jambi society since Islam entered Jambi through Chinese, Arab and Turkish traders. The “tudung lingkup” has also become a cultural identity for the Islamic community in Seberang Kota Jambi. At present, “tudung lingkup” has become a cultural tour through the “tudung lingkup” festivals. This study aims to describe the “tudung lingkup” which is the identity of Jambi Malay women in Seberang Jambi City and the potential of the tudung lingkup as a cultural tourism object in Seberang Kota Jambi. This research is qualitative research with data collection through interviews, observation and document analysis. Analysis of research data was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data display and verification/conclusions. The triangulation technique is used to determine the validity of the research data. This study shows that: (1) Malay women in Seberang Kota Jambi make the “tudung lingkup” as a cover for their private parts as adaptation to Islamic culture, (3) the “tudung lingkup” represents the characteristics of Arab-Malay culture di Seberang Kota Jambi and the ability of Jambi Malay women to adapt to Islamic culture, and (4) the “tudung lingkup” is rarely found in the people of Seberang Kota Jambi so that festivals of “tudung lingkup” as cultural tourism to preserve the local wisdom of the people of Seberang Kota Jambi and develop Jambi batik crafts

Kewajiban Menutup Aurat dalam Perspektif Al-Quran

Covering the genitals is not only a matter of wearing clothes that cover the genitals but to protect oneself, honoring and protecting oneself from something bad and unwanted. This study aims to find out the Al-Quran's perspective on the obligation to cover the genitals Muslims should know, especially women, how to cover the genitals properly according to Islamic law. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method with a literature study approach that refers to several commentary books to serve as research data sources and data collection techniques in the form of a study of commentary books on education. The focus of the research that will be raised is in the form of educational values ​​regarding the obligation to cover the private parts contained in the Qur'an. The data collection technique used in this study was the library research method, namely library research. The data analysis technique used in this research is the descriptive method. At present, many things are not well known by some Muslims who until now have not been moved to cover their genitals, even though covering their genitals is known to have many benefits and a positive impact on oneself.

The Effect of the Provisions of the Marriage Contract in Achieving the Purpose of Justice According to the Qur'anic Perspective

It has not been said to the Messengers before you that your Lord is a wielder of forgiveness and painful punishment .(43) It has been detailed that in order for such a law to have the characteristics of its sources, it must be characterized by the attributes of perfection and precision in its provisions, so that it is based on achieving and complementing the interests of the people, as well as warding off and minimizing evil for them. Al-Baqarah: ,185 and one of the manifestations of His mercy, Glory be to Him, is that He made the goal of justice among the purposes that are realized by the provisions that characterize this noble Sharia. ``Indeed, God commands justice and kindness and giving to kin and forbids immorality, evil, and transgression against you''. An-Nahl: ,90 until life is straight and sweet, and this justice is sought by the reader and researcher in the details of the Sharia provisions, whether in worship or in contracts and transactions, and as a succession of divine proofs that this Sharia is valid for all times and places, and capable of refuting fabrications of falsehoods and spoiler suspicions. To give solutions to the biggest dilemmas and challenges facing humanity in its journey on this earth, so we can find this justice clearly in the provisions related to marriage, whose legitimacy is intended, as it makes the obligated person in a state of tranquility while he responds to the call of instinct, and satisfies his instinct with an outlet that God and his law made for them, which is marriage. And He forbade them fornication and incest, "And those who are to guard their private parts" .(29) Except against their spouses or what any of their oaths contain, they cannot be blamed .(30) So, whoever seeks after that, then those are the transgressors .(31) Al-Maarij: and through the provisions of marriage, we can establish a family of peace, affection, and mercy, and all of this comes through activating the purpose of justice, whose provisions emphasize the need for the family entity to be established on it. Between the spouses, the provisions of legal guardianship and discipline and polygamy for wives through a jurisprudential study based on the sources and references of the four schools of jurisprudence and intentional books, emphasizing their role in achieving and nurturing the goal of justice in a manner distinguished by refuting the suspicions of those who follow their desires and want to destroy this divine structure, which is one of the great signs in which He was grateful to his creation.
 Keywords: impact, provisions, marriage contract, justicetrace, Provisions, The marriage contract, The marriage contract, Justice

Provisions Related to Wind in Prayer and Fasting - A Comparative Jurisprudence Study

Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and companions, and those who are guided by his guidance, and after. The research deals with the most important jurisprudential issues related to wind in the books on prayer and fasting. This is done by dividing it into two: First is the introduction, where I explain the reason for choosing this topic and its division. Second are the five topics, which are as follows: -First topic: The definition of the wind, linguistics, idioms, and the legal etiquette that a Muslim should follow when the wind blows. -Second topic: The consensus of the imams of the five madhhabs in inferring the knowledge of the qiblah through the winds, and their differences regarding the issue of revealing the private parts of the worshiper because of the wind. -Third topic: One of the excuses that allows one to miss the congregational prayer is the strong winds at night, and it is not permissible to combine the two prayers (Maghrib and Isha) because of the strong winds. -Fourth topic: When the winds are moderate, they have a clear and well-known effect in transmitting the voice of the muezzin to people. And it is desirable to pray alone, not in the congregation, for all the natural calamities such as earthquakes, throwing planets, strong winds, thunderbolts, and great darkness. -Fifth topic: I explained that if road dust enters one's throat during fasting, because of the wind or the hooves of animals, their fast does not break. - Lastly, I concluded the research with the most important results I reached. God bless you.
 Keywords: rulings, wind, prayer, fasting, jurisprudence, comparison

DINAMIKA BERPAKAIAN PELAJAR SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) DI KABUPATEN SOLOK MASA PEMERINTAHAN GAMAWAN FAUZI 1995-2005

This paper aims to look at the changes in the dress of school students in Solok Regency during the reign of Gumawan Fauzi. This change was motivated by the issuance of regional regulation letter No. 6 of 2002 concerning Muslim and Muslim women's clothing. This title was taken from 1995 to 2005. The type of research used is qualitative research. The method used in this research is historical research method using steps (1) heuristics or source collection (2) source criticism, (3) interpretation, (4) historiography. From the results of the research conducted, during the reign of Mr. Gamawan Fauzi found that there was a change in the form of dress for elementary school students in Solok Regency, this was caused by a circular issued by Mr. Gamawan Fauzi regarding the way elementary school (SD) students dressed. From 1995 to March 2002 the clothes worn by elementary school students were wearing short-sleeved shirts for both men and women and wearing short skirts for women while men for men also wore short pants and did not wear headscarves for women, whereas after being expelled regional regulation letter No. 6 of 2002, namely that there was a change in the dress of female and male students wearing long sleeves and long male skirts for female students and wearing headscarves while male students wore trousers. While the meaning of changing the clothes of school students is: This change of clothes also has a meaning which means to protect the private parts, especially for female students, to guard against disturbances that will damage the genitals and also by wearing closed clothes also avoid the fires of hell in the future and also fortify themselves and the next generation of the nation so that they do not fall into a culture that is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam

The Factors and Influence of Social Media Epidemic Information on Public

During the COVID-19 epidemic, social networks were one of the channels for the public to learn information about the epidemic, and the information has had many effects on the public's cognition and behavior. The information related to the epidemic on social media was mainly composed of two official and private parts, among which the private information was published by we-media and netizens. And previous studies have studied the causes of rumors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper summarized the factors and influences of epidemic-related information on social media during the COVID-19 epidemic on their cognition and behavior. Based on studying the impact of epidemic related information on social media on the public, the public would be guided to rationally view epidemic related information, do not believe in rumors, and understand authoritative information through correct channels.

Capacity Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface assisted RSMA System with Perfect and Imperfect CSI for 6G

Rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) are the promising candidates and front runners for 5G and beyond wireless communication. Recent studies have proved RSMA-IRS outperforms non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and enhances the quality of service (QoS). The performance of the downlink RSMA-IRS system is investigated in this paper using perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) conditions over the Rayleigh fading channel. Furthermore, the numerical analysis for the sum rate capacity is carriedout for the users under perfect and imperfect conditions. To assess the system’s performance, two distinct scenarios are explored. Initially, the system total capacity of each user’s common and private parts is determined without considering the channel estimate error (CEE). The total capacity for each user’s common part is 10 b/s, for private1 is 8.9 b/s, and for private2 is 6.5 b/s. After introducing CEE, the sum rate for the common part is 8.5 b/s, and the total capacity for private1 and private2 is 7.5 b/s and 6 b/s, respectively. The simulation results show that the perfect CSI, achieves enhanced sum rate than channel with CEE. however, to tolerate the imperfect scenario (CEE) optimum power allocation is determined for attaining the QoS.

Suicidal crisis in the adolescent: About 3 clinical cases

IntroductionSuicide is the third most common cause of death among adolescents. It is linked to several mental pathologies. Early detection and effective and rapid management are essential elements to improve the mental health of the adolescent and prevent suicidal behaviour.ObjectivesOur objective is :-To discuss through these medical observations the risk factors and pathologies at high risk of suicide,-To detail the urgent course of action to be taken in the event of suicide attempts and-To underline the importance of early management to prevent suicide in adolescentsMethodsWe report hereafter the clinical cases of 3 adolescents followed in child psychiatry for the management of a suicidal crisis.Results1st clinical case :This is a 13 year old girl, brought back by the staff of the Lalla Meryem child protection centre, where she has been living since her separation from her family following abuse by her mother. She reports a reliving of scenes where her mother burned her private parts. She reports disturbed sleep with night terrors and nightmares. In addition, the centre’s staff reported irritability, crying spells and verbalized suicidal threats.2nd clinical case:This is a 15 year old girl referred by the paediatric service for management of a suicide attempt by ingestion of rat poison. She stopped her schooling 2 years ago to take care of her mother who had cervical cancer and died 6 months ago. Since then, she has experienced sadness of mood, low self-esteem with ideas of devaluation. During the first psychiatric interview, she did not criticize her suicidal act and said that she wanted to kill herself, which she considered the only solution to her suffering.3rd clinical case:This is a 12-year-old adolescent, followed in child psychiatry for conduct disorder with problematic use of tobacco, cannabis and benzodiazepines. He had stopped going to school since the third grade.He consulted for a suicide attempt by ingesting 30 antihypertensive tablets. After somatic care, he was referred to us from the medical emergency department for psychiatric care.ConclusionsSuicide among adolescents is on the increase in Morocco. It is necessary to take into account the risk of suicide in the face of any mental or somatic pathology. A rapid and urgent course of action is necessary to avoid recurrence.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Social Impact on The Formation of The Hellenistic Period Nude Aphrodite Statues

While the idea that Aphrodite was specifically "caught" naked while bathing is sufficient to justify her nudity in the making of the statue, it shows us that the Greeks particularly disliked female nudity. In Cnidos, Medici and Capitoline Aphrodites, it shows that the goddess was caught while taking a bath due to the presence of the hydria vessel, and her slouched posture and her trying to cover her most private parts in addition to her draped outfits showed that she had a certain shyness. While the apparent nakedness of the strong male body was admirable, it was not easy to break a woman's nudity and with it a social taboo; therefore, it was considered inappropriate for women to appear naked. From this need for justification for nudity, we can deduce that the role of women in society was to present a clothed, modest appearance to reinforce her chastity. The Aphrodite of Cnidos was one of the important steps that started to destroy the determined female role. Despite the general nakedness of the Cnidos statue, there is no sign of the vulva. This fit with the idea that women were not sexually aggressive, even divine. Aphrodite, as the goddess of sexuality and love, represented the goddess who preserves her strength instead of covering her groin, and therefore a female audience began to appear to protect her own sexual power. In Aphrodite's case, she personifies love and sexuality; so she was responsible for representing what love and sexuality should look like, and her influence on women became more acutely felt and imitated. Apart from the message that Aphrodite gave to women during the Hellenistic Period, she also had a different appeal to the male world: naked and sensual. The fact that Aphrodite began to appear naked in public has turned gender roles upside down.

Amalan Pengurusan Kebersihan Haid Menurut al-Quran dan al-Sunnah

Menstruation is a natural process that happens to all women. However, today's era of modernization shows a lot of confusion among women about the practice of personal hygiene management during menstruation. The problems that occur involve personal hygiene,care of female genitals and the use of products related to menstrual blood management.Therefore, this writing is carried out to identify hygiene management practices during menstruation that are organized in Islam. This article uses a qualitative design.In achieving these objectives, the study was conducted with data collection methods by document analysis. The findings show that the Islamic religion emphasizes the correct guidance and practice in the management of menstruation as it is closely related to health, hygiene and worship for Muslim women.Even the hygiene of clothes, body, private parts,and the use of sanitary pads are very important and need to be taken care of at all times. The implications of this writing are expected to contribute to all women to pay full attention to aspects of self -care whether before, during or after menstruation.

Cervical Cancer Care Seeking Behaviour Among Community Women, Jos-North, Plateau State

Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity. The screening rate has not reached the WHO's target. This study seeks to assess community women's care-seeking behavior toward cervical cancer screening participation. A cross-sectional design was employed, community women who met the criteria for inclusion were given a self-developed questionnaire conveniently. Results show that the majority (51.9%) of women were between the ages of 21-29, majority (83.0%) had only one sexual partner, majority (75.0%) were extremely poor with very low yearly income of less than 284,700.00 Naira, and 19.3% experienced gynecological symptoms. Majority (78.5%) have the fear of being diagnosed with cancer, and 69.6% fear exposing their genital area. Women agreed that HPV is the causative organism of cervical cancer and husband do not allow someone to touch their wives’ private parts. They moderately agreed that a woman must obtain consent from her husband before going for screening, that exposing their private part is culturally inappropriate. Only 14.1% of those surveyed had ever undergone a cervical cancer screening. Among the respondents who had screened, 57.9% had bad experience. There is a significant difference between age group and screening where majority who had screened were older women within the age group 30-65 years (X2=8.402; P-value=0.005) and having gynecological symptoms has positive influence on screening participation (X2=7.422; P-value=0.012). The majority (92.6%) believed that husband involvement and the caregiver's friendly attitude are among other facilitating conditions to screening. In conclusion, there was low screening participation among community women. Women's knowledge of cervical cancer and screening did not translate into participating in screening. Low socioeconomic status has a significant impact on screening, screening rates were higher among older women than younger ones, and experiencing gynecological symptoms has a positive impact on screening. It was therefore recommended that interventions aimed at enhancing care seeking behavior based on women's needs be implemented.

Lived experiences of post-mastectomy women: A qualitative study of Western Rajasthan.

Women's breasts have biological functions to lactate, socially and culturally seen as sensual, and the essence of her femininity. In the world, breast cancer is the most constantly occurring non-cutaneous cancer among women. The qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of post-mastectomy women. A total of 14 post-mastectomy women were recruited through non-probability convenience sampling based on data saturation, at the radiation unit of a tertiary care hospital, in Basni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, from September to November 2020. The data was collected using an in-depth interview schedule. It was firstly audio-recorded and transcribed, and then themes and subthemes were extracted. Experiences of women were recorded and analyzed using Colaizzi"s framework (1978) and ATLAS ti. 9 scientific software. This revealed five main themes and their subthemes: Body image changes, physical impacts, emotional impacts, treatment impacts, and coping and support sources. In India, the lack of exploration regarding this topic is due to the stigmatization of very private parts, i.e., breast involvement and people rarely discuss it. Thus, there is a need for more such studies to be done, and more attention is required on the role of nurses to assist post-mastectomy women psychologically, spiritually, and physically to cope with their conditions. Findings highlight that mastectomy as a surgical treatment may negatively affect a woman's body image. It's highly recommended to address individual women's psychosocial needs and preferences before undergoing mastectomy in educational sessions by physicians involving nurses with them. Also, proper knowledge about reconstructive procedures should be provided to improve their body image. The counseling sessions can be conducted pre and post-mastectomy by a professional counselor.

A Bound on the Existence of the Maximum Jointly Invariant Set of Input-Coupled Systems

We present a set-theoretical characterization of a bound on the maximal portion that an agent can cede of its input variable to another agent. By ceding control authority, agents can decompose coupling variables into public and private parts, which is of interest in situations of partial cooperation. In particular, sufficient conditions under which the non-existence of the maximum robust control invariant set is guaranteed are provided, expressed in terms of support functions and the dominant system eigenvalue. Finally, the results are illustrated via stable and unstable example systems with different coupling.

PENYULUHAN GAYA BERPAKAIAN ISLAMI KEPADA ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN FASHION SHOW ANTAR PAUD SE-KECAMATAN MARANCAR

ABSTRACT Along with the development of the times, the world of fashion or fashion more and more new models and styles that come out. All fashion trends are competing to create fashion that is liked by the public. Apart from the world of fashion which is trending nowadays, we must pay attention to these modes so that we don't choose the wrong one, even to the point where there are those who violate the Islamic dress code. The purpose of this activity is to increase awareness of early childhood children to cover their nakedness since they are small. So that they get used to covering their genitals until they grow up. The result of this activity is that children are more motivated to pay attention to their appearance according to the teachings of the Islamic religion. know the limits of their private parts and can invite their friends to participate in covering their genitals as well by still dressing in Islamic fashion but not missing trendy fashions. Keywords: clothing, children, Islam

Which groups are most affected by sexual violence? A disaggregated analysis by sex, age, and HIV-status of adolescents living in South Africa

BackgroundEstimates on sexual violence (SV) among adolescents are rarely disaggregated by key indicators. ObjectiveWe examine the independent effects of sex, age, HIV status and mode of HIV acquisition on the exposure to SV using generalised estimating equations models and proportional hazard model. Participant and settingData from a 4-year prospective cohort study of 1447 adolescents (ages 10–19, 57% girls, 76% living with HIV) in South Africa. MethodsWe describe the lifetime prevalence of three forms of SV: non-contact (unwanted showing of private parts), contact (coerced sexual debut, attempted and completed forced penetrative or oral sex,) and exploitative (sex in exchange for goods/money). ResultsOverall, 23.9% (95%CI = 21.7%–26.1%) reported exposure to SV at some point in their lives: non-contact = 5.7%, contact = 9.0% and exploitative = 15.8%. While girls reported higher rates of exploitative (18.4% vs 12.3%; p < 0.001) and contact SV (12.3% vs 4.6%; p < 0.001), there were no differences in levels of non-contact SV by sex (6.5% vs 4.6%; p = 0.086). Exposure to any SV doubled in late adolescence (10–14 years = 7.0% vs ≥15 years = 31.7%; aIRR = 2.07; 95%CI = 1.82–2.37). Though level of SV were comparable between those living with HIV and those HIV-uninfected (22.9% vs 26.2%; p = 0.182), adolescents who recently acquired HIV were twice as likely to experience SV compared to adolescents who perinatally acquired HIV (42.3% vs 15.7%; aIRR = 2.03; 95%CI = 1.73–2.39). This association persisted when analysis was restricted to incidence SV during follow-up (aIRR = 1.53; 95%CI = 1.23–2.10). ConclusionExposure to SV was high for both sexes, increased with age and more prevalent among adolescents who recently acquired HIV. SV prevention and response services must also be offered to boys and strengthened in HIV care services.

Attitudes and practices on induced abortion among Igembe Women in Meru County, Kenya

This study sought to investigate beliefs about induced abortion in the Igembe community, Meru County. Purposively sampled individuals provided data via case narratives, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Transcripts were generated verbatim, and data was thematically analyzed in accordance with the objectives of the study. Inducing abortion was culturally acceptable and recognized in Igembe, particularly when an uncircumcised girl became pregnant or when an uncircumcised boy got a girl pregnant. Such abortions were obtained by men who had been specifically trained by elders for the purpose. Isolation of the pregnant girl/woman from family and peers, counselling in preparation for the abortion, cleansing of the girl and family after the procedure, use of herbs, rolling of banana stalks on the girl's/stomach, woman's and insertion of objects in the private parts were all practices used to induce abortion. According to the study, women were subjected to induced abortion in order to ensure adherence to social norms and reduce pre-marital sex. Women in Igembe continue to obtain abortions, and traditional approaches and legislation have been ineffective in eliminating the practice. Furthermore, religious beliefs, traditions, and socio-cultural norms continue to stigmatize and condemn abortion-seekers. Furthermore, the decision to have an abortion is motivated by both internal and external forces that are carefully considered by the concerned women.