Private Office Research Articles

Exploring the role of personality traits as mediators of mental health in Pakistani commuters.

To investigate how resilience mediates the relationship of personality factors with depression and aggression among daily commuters in an urban setting. The correlational study was conducted at Lahore Pakistan from October 2019 and March 2020, and comprised male subjects aged 20-49 years who were employed at private schools, offices and banks, and commuted on a daily basis. Data was collected using the International Personality Item Pool, Brief Resilience Scale, Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale and the Clinical Anger Scale. Data was analysed using analysis of moment structure version 24. Sample size for the current study is 187 (Male participants) were aged 19-29 years. Resilience had a significant negative mediating effect between depression (-0.14*) and neuroticism (-0.22*) personality traits, but was a non-significant mediator for other personality factors with respect to aggression and depression. Resilience was found to be beneficial in addressing aggression and depression among daily commuters.

Knowledge and Attitude of General Dentists, Senior Dental Students, and Orthodontic Residents Toward Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

The main objective of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitude of general dentists, senior dental students, and orthodontic residents toward obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A questionnaire was designed and administered among 73 senior dental students, 84 general dentists, and 50 orthodontic residents. The questionnaire asked for demographic information of the participants and assessed their knowledge and attitude toward OSA. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests using SPSS (α = 0.05). The mean knowledge scores of general dentists and senior dental students were significantly lower than those of orthodontic residents (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge score of senior dental students and general dentists (p = 1). The mean knowledge score was significantly higher in dentists with 1-3 years of professional clinical experience (p = 0.02). The knowledge score was the highest in dentists working in private clinics followed by private offices and public clinics. The mean attitude score was the highest in orthodontic residents followed by general dentists and dental students. There was no significant difference in attitude based on the attended university, age, or time of graduation. According to the results, general dentists had insufficient knowledge about OSA, which could result in under-diagnosis or misdiagnosis of patients with OSA. This finding highlights the need for further education and training for dentists to properly identify and refer OSA patients to orthodontists or sleep specialists.

TRATAMENTO ENDODÔNTICO DO PRIMEIRO PRÉ-MOLAR SUPERIOR COM EXTRAVASAMENTO DE CIMENTO OBTURADOR – RELATO DE CASO

This study aims to describe a clinical case of endodontic treatment with leakage of filling cement. Patient 30 years old, male, Caucasian, referred to the private office for endodontic treatment of tooth 14. Radiographic examination showed communication with the pulp chamber and absence of periapical bone radiolucency. After anesthesia and coronary opening, the toxic content was neutralized with a K-File 10 manual file and electronic odontometry with apical locator (Root ZX Mini, Morita, Osaka, Japan and root canal preparation with Logic 25.05 (Easy Equipamentos odontológicas- Belo Horizonte – Brazil), foraminal enlargement exceeding 1 millimeter of the real length of the tooth and, with the help of Easy Clean and this time 2% chlorhexidine gel irrigating solution, shaking it 3 cycles of 20 seconds, then 3 cycles with Edta 17 %, completed with saline. Filling the root canal system with a single cone and Bio-C Sealer cement (Angelus –Londrina -Brazil) and restoration with RC Flow Opallis resin. to the apical region.

Installation of Clean Water Piping for Resident on Jl. Arjuna, RW 08 and 09, East Labuh Baru, Pekanbaru

Water is a crucial resource for sustaining life; however, access to it through the Regional Drinking Water Company (Indonesian: Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum [PDAM]) remains limited in certain communities. As a result, residents frequently depend on groundwater sourced through independent pumping by households, places of worship, public facilities, private and government offices, and others. An assessment of the buildings on Jl. Arjuna RW 08 and 09, East Labuh Baru District, Pekanbaru, indicates a significant lack of adequate clean water installation systems, highlighting a need for targeted community service efforts. This initiative aims to rectify these deficiencies by drilling wells to establish reliable sources of clean water and installing a comprehensive clean water piping system to ensure effective distribution from the source to the end users, thus aligning with Indonesian National Standards (SNI). The project involves faculty members as part of their commitment to the tri-dharma of higher education, offering both a practical learning opportunity for students and a valuable service to the community.

Coincidence of the facial and maxillary dental midlines in the Peruvian population. A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to determine the percentage of perfect and acceptable coincidence between the facial and maxillary dental midlines in individuals from Peru. This was a cross-sectional study of a group of Peruvian individuals gathered from private offices in Lima, Peru, from January to June 2024. A total of 279 patients (133 males and 146 females) aged between 18 and 30 were included. We selected patients with permanent teeth up to their second molars, while those with gaps between their front teeth, ongoing or previous orthodontic treatment, or any craniofacial anomalies were excluded. Using a professional camera, we took frontal photographs of the participants at rest and while smiling. The facial morphological index was used to classify facial biotypes into three categories: mesofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial. We then used the PowerPoint program to analyze perfect and accepted coincidence (deviation to either side of up to 2 mm) between the facial and dental midline. The data was analyzed by chi-square tests and binary logistic regression (p>0.05). Perfect coincidence of the dental midline was present in 23.3% of the cases, while an accepted coincidence was observed in 95.7% of the individuals. When considering facial structure, the percentage of alignment of the maxillary dental midline (perfect or accepted) with the facial midline did not show a significant association (p=0.145, p=0.870, respectively). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the percentage of alignment between men and women (p=0.241 for perfect coincidence, p=0.322 for accepted alignment). Most Peruvian individuals assessed had an accepted coincidence (up to 2 mm) between the facial midline and the maxillary dental midline, although it is not always perfect. In these cases, orthodontic treatment is needed for optimal occlusal relationships and stable facial esthetics. Key words:Esthetics, Facial midline, maxillary dental midline, Peruvian.

Some features of performing executive proceedings during the period of the legal regime of martial state

The full-scale war in Ukraine was the cause of many social and political changes. As the research showed, the system of executive proceedings was not an exception. Since appropriate reactions to the realities of war were necessary, with the beginning of the war, the work of the state executive service (hereinafter referred to as the State Executive Service) and private contractors was effectively blocked. The reason for this was the stoppage of the automated system of executive proceedings, which made it impossible to actually carry out executive actions. Thus, it was established that changes in the mechanisms of enforcement of executive documents occurred even earlier, since the Russian Federation began to occupy our lands back in 2014, but with the beginning of a full-scale invasion, the legislation began to change and improve. Such changes also affected the ban on opening enforcement proceedings in potentially dangerous and occupied territories, which obviously violated the rights of debt collectors, and as it was established during the research, in some places such legal prohibitions became a reason for public or private enforcement officers to abuse their powers, refusing to open enforcement proceedings and returning the executive document to the debt collector without execution. In this context, the practice of the Supreme Court has become useful, which in its conclusions confirmed that regardless of the registration of the location of the debtor, the body of the state executive service must open proceedings and take measures to search for the debtor’s property throughout the territory of Ukraine, or apply restrictive measures that will force the debtor to fulfill his obligations, provided that such a debtor has entered the legal field of Ukraine. Also, from the conducted research, it can be seen that the legislative changes affected certain procedural issues and the work of private executors, however, the issue of alimony collection remained a priority and was not actually affected by the legislative changes. Even for military personnel, the duty to support their children remains a priority.

52433 The efficacy of Bimekizumab, an anti IL-17A/17F agent, in patients with moderate-severe plaque psoriasis who had failed others IL-17 inhibitors. Real life data from a Greek private office

52433 The efficacy of Bimekizumab, an anti IL-17A/17F agent, in patients with moderate-severe plaque psoriasis who had failed others IL-17 inhibitors. Real life data from a Greek private office

Design process for an occupant survey system to assess satisfaction with indoor environmental quality

ABSTRACT User satisfaction surveys play a crucial role in assessing Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). Yet, existing databases predominantly reflect data from developed countries, limiting applicability to culturally and climatically diverse regions. This study emphasizes the relevance of evaluating IEQ satisfaction in office buildings by proposing a standardized, open-access occupant survey system (OSS) for global application. User satisfaction surveys were selected as references from literature for screening and content analysis. The proposed OSS features a two-part survey that triggers detailed questions based on reported IEQ domain-related discomfort frequency. Evaluation process to ensure survey validity incorporated feedback from experts and laypersons. Additionally, a broader application was carried out with 115 office employees. Results identified prevalent issues such as acoustic and thermal discomfort, varying between open-plan and private office layouts. Participants’ responses also showed a significant link between IEQ satisfaction and time spent at the workstation. Overall, the OSS demonstrates its potential as a cost-effective instrument to provide a comprehensive IEQ diagnostic based on occupants’ perceptions. Future iterations should integrate concurrent building measurements to enhance evaluation precision and broaden the applicability of the survey tool across diverse environmental and cultural contexts.

Optimal Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (STPV) window based on energy performance, daylighting quality, and occupant satisfaction – A case study of private office in Chengdu China

With the global warming, energy crisis, and the increasing application of glazing curtain walls, semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) systems have garnered significant attention for their excellent energy performance and daylight quality. The cell coverage ratio (CCR) of an STPV window impacts energy performance, daylight quality, and occupants’ satisfaction simultaneously, though these impacts can be conflicting. Therefore, this study investigates the optimal CCR of STPV for optimal daylight, energy performance, and occupants' satisfaction in Chengdu City, China through a case study. A private office room was selected as the base model. Energy performance, and daylighting quality according to the different CCR (10% to 50%) of STPV were analyzed using Honeybee in Grasshopper (GH), which is a Plugin for Rhinoceros. Occupants’ satisfaction was assessed through a survey conducted with ClimateStudio (CS) and Virtual reality (VR). The results indicated that the optimal CCR of STPV for this room is as follows: East (30%), West (10%), North (10%), and South (40%), based on energy performance, daylight quality, and occupants’ satisfaction.

The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on the family quality of life of mothers with children with autism and separation anxiety disorder

Introduction: Emotional regulation strategies are among the effective factors in improving the quality of life and general health of mothers with children with autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on the quality of life of mothers of children with autism and separation anxiety disorder. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder and separation anxiety disorder who were referred to the private offices of psychiatrists in Borujerd city in 2019, and 30 of them were selected by convenience sampling and homogenized they were placed in two groups. The participants responded to the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale (2006) for the pre-test and post-test. After 8 sessions of 120 minutes of emotion regulation training for the mothers of the experimental groups, statistical analysis of covariance and SPSS-24 software were used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, the average score of the family quality of life in the post-test stage in the group of mothers of children with autism and children with separation anxiety disorder was significantly higher than the mothers of the control group (P=0.001 and f=21.194). The results of the Bonferroni test and the comparison of means show that the average score of quality of life in the group of mothers with children with autism was higher than the group of mothers with children with separation anxiety disorder (P=0.012). Conclusion: Emotion regulation training is effective on the quality of life of mothers of children with autism and separation anxiety disorder, and it is recommended for mothers with children with neurodevelopmental disorders and attachment disorders.

The Subjective Sexual Effects of Intravenous Methamphetamine Use in Women

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the sexual effects of methamphetamine on female users and determine the factors that encourage continued use of this substance. Methods: This structured interview study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Louisiana State University Health Shreveport. The research participants were female volunteers that reported either currently or previously using methamphetamine. One study team member conducted all the interviews similarly to reduce variability between interviews. This individual was a doctorate-level addiction specialist to ensure the integrity and value of the data collection. All interviews were conducted in private offices at the Council on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse of Northwest Louisiana (CADA) facility in Bossier City, LA, between January 25, 2013, and October 7, 2014. Each volunteer provided informed consent to participate in the study. The specialist asked study subjects open-ended questions, and each conversation lasted approximately one hour. The specialist started each interview with an inquiry regarding the participant’s experiences with methamphetamine. The interviewer would particularly ask about the activities in which that participant would become involved immediately after using methamphetamine. The research subject was given time to discuss any sexual effects of using this stimulant without any prompting by the interviewer. If the study participant did not broach this topic during the interview, the specialist would ask them, “How does methamphetamine make you feel?” This “trigger” question was developed with the primary objective of the study in mind, which was identifying the sexual effects of methamphetamine use on females. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data collected from the interviews. Results: Fifty-six interviews were conducted over 1.5 years. The mean age of the research subjects was determined to be 34.5 (± 10.2; range: 18 to 56). The entire study population was comprised of white females. Fifty (90%) of the study subjects utilized methamphetamine through the intravenous route. Most of these intravenous users (96%) had smoked, snorted, or ingested the substance prior to injecting the substance. Forty-four (88%) of the research participants who engaged in intravenous methamphetamine use reported feeling sexual arousal and an immediate sensation of pleasure indistinguishable from that attributed to orgasm when they injected the substance. The methamphetamine had to be of “sufficient amount and of better quality,” according to these subjects, to elicit this effect. None of the individuals interviewed reported a feeling similar to orgasm when they smoked or snorted methamphetamine. Many subjects stated that they engaged in intravenous methamphetamine use as frequently as every two hours to keep experiencing the sexual response, even if they still felt intoxicated. Twelve (21%) of the subjects reported being directed towards intravenous methamphetamine use by other females describing the sexual effects. Twenty-three (47%) of the participants recounted immediate “vapors,” which were described as “cough” or “taste” of the drug. None of the subjects said they had previously shared the sexual component of their experience with methamphetamine use with medical providers. All participants recounted disinhibition regarding sex but not social interactions. They also declared indifference to the consequences of high-risk sexual behavior and unsafe use of needles. Four subjects admitted avoiding hospital settings because they feared their methamphetamine use would be discovered. Conclusion: Female study participants who currently use or previously used methamphetamine reported a sexual response to intravenous use of the substance. Females who use methamphetamine were drawn toward intravenous use for the sexual experience, and those who use intravenous methamphetamine increase the frequency of use to reexperience the sexual response. These findings indicate that the sexual effects attributed to intravenous methamphetamine may contribute to its ongoing and recurrent use.

Standard Versus Step Burs for Implant Site Preparation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

There are several factors that may influence implant site preparation with implant design being a paramount factor; however, few studies investigate its impact. The purpose of the study was to explore the comparative efficacy of using two different drilling protocols using burs with different design for preparing implant sites, by evaluating radiographic and clinical outcomes. The present randomized controlled clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 was carried on in two private practice offices by two experienced surgeons and researchers. In the control group the surgeons followed the protocol with standard straight burs while in the test group they used step burs. In both groups the patients received the same type of implants and prosthesis. The primary outcome was the marginal bone resorption one year after the prosthetic placement. In the study were included and treated a total of 60 subjects (86 implants). At the one-year follow-up were screened 54 subjects (74 implants), and 50 at the 2-year follow-up (69 implants). This study showed no evidence of a difference in bone resorption, which increased significantly over time, between the two groups. Both clinical parameters and patientcentered outcomes revealed no difference between the two protocols of implant site preparation with two different drill shape.

Prevalence of neck pain and associated risk factors among the private sector office employees in Bangladesh

Background: Globally, most people face several musculoskeletal problems, especially neck pain. Activities, work styles, and living standards of office employees in Bangladesh vary from place to place. Hence, our aim is to investigate the prevalence of neck pain and related risk factors in Bangladeshi private sector employees. Methodology: A sample was selected to assess neck pain prevalence and related risk factors among 384 private sector employees aged 21–60 years in Bangladesh. Regression analysis was performed on their socio-economic, neck pain, and associated risk factors information through interviews with questionnaires. Results: Data analysis shows that office employees have a relatively higher prevalence rate of cervical pain and it is 34.7%. In this study, we found the results of a logistic regression model to predict factors associated with neck pain. The results of this study indicated that individuals aged 40 years and above, with an OR of 6.148 (P = 0.046) and neck holding the forward bent posture for a prolonged time, were slightly significant to have neck pain (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: The neck pain prevalence was high among private sector office workers in Bangladesh and some associated neck pain factors were found in this study. The results of our investigation indicated that individuals with higher age, and neck holding position were slightly significant to have neck pain. These research findings also suggest scope for work strategies that can promote a positive work environment, such as short breaks at work and an ergonomic setting.

P.137 Neurosurgical consultations in Nova Scotia: a descriptive analysis

Background: Receiving and managing neurosurgical consultations are central to providing quality patient care but are resource intensive processes. As part of an ongoing quality improvement initiative, we conducted a single-institution descriptive analysis of adult neurosurgical consultations. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected consultation records and call schedules from a 12-month period from February 2019 to 2020 was performed. Consults were graded according to disposition (admission for surgery, non-operative admission, additional investigations recommended, opinion without further investigations, unnecessary consult). Results: There were 1916 consultations reviewed, with 52% of calls (n=991) originating outside of our hospital, and 72% (n=1387) coming from an emergency department. Cranial cases made up 64% (n=1230) of consults, while the remaining 36% (n=688) were spine cases. The mean patient age was 60.1±0.4 years. In multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, geographical distance of consulting site, and consult specific variables (neurosurgical subspecialty, inside vs. outside call, emergency department vs. inpatient ward or private office) were associated with consult disposition (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This study provides a descriptive analysis of neurosurgical consultations in Nova Scotia. Results from this study may be used to address inefficacies in the neurosurgical consultation process, including targeted education for consulting physicians.

Does job control contribute to differences in physician-certified sickness absence across office concepts? A mediation analysis in a nationally representative sample.

Several studies have found higher sickness absence in shared and open workspaces than in private offices, but little is known about why these differences occur. We propose and test job control as a potential mechanism underlying observed differences in the risk of physician-certified sickness absence between private offices and shared and open workspaces. We conducted a counterfactual mediation analysis using observational survey data from a nationally representative sample of Norwegian employees merged with prospective data from national registries (N=5512). The registry data included information about whether participants had any physician-certified sickness absence the year following the survey. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education level, occupation group, executive/leadership responsibility, and time spent on office work. We found significantly higher sickness absence risk in conventional [risk ratio (RR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01‒1.25] and non-territorial (RR 1.20, 95% 1.04‒1.37) open-plan and non-territorial shared-room offices (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13‒1.48) compared to private offices. Natural indirect effects due to job control were statistically significant in all contrasts and accounted for 19-34% of total effects depending on contrast. Findings were in line with hypothesized relationships and suggest that job control may be a mechanism underlying observed differences in sickness absence across office concepts. Future studies should continue to explore potential mechanisms linking shared and open workspaces to higher sickness absence and other unfavorable outcomes in the workplace, particularly with study designs that provide stronger basis for causal inference.

Underlying Reasons for Primary Care Visits Where Chlamydia Testing Was Performed in the United States, 2019 to 2022.

In the United States, most chlamydia cases are reported from non-sexually transmitted disease clinics, and there is limited information focusing on the reasons for chlamydia testing in private settings. These analyses describe clinical visits to primary care providers where chlamydia testing was performed to help discern between screening and diagnostic testing for chlamydia. Using the largest primary care clinical registry in the United States, the PRIME registry, chlamydia tests were identified using Current Procedural Terminology procedure codes and categorized as diagnostic testing for sexually transmitted infection (STI)-related symptoms, screening for chlamydia, or "other," based on Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision Evaluation and Management codes selected for visits. Of 120,013 clinical visits with chlamydia testing between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, 70.4% were women; 20.6% were with STI-related symptoms, 59.9% were for screening, and 19.5% for "other" reasons. Of those 120,013 clinical visits with chlamydia testing, the logit model showed that patients were significantly more likely to have STI-related symptoms if they were female than male, non-Hispanic Black than non-Hispanic White, aged 15 to 24 years than aged ≥45 years, and resided in the South than in the Northeast. It is important to know what proportion of chlamydial infections is identified through screening programs and to have this information stratified by demographics. The inclusion of laboratory results could further facilitate a better understanding of the impact of chlamydia screening programs on the identification and treatment of chlamydia in private office settings in the United States.

Private Power and Public Office: The Rise of Business Politicians in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Scholars have long been preoccupied with the role that capital plays in Indonesia’s democratic institutions. Observers emphasize a tight overlap between the worlds of politics and business, with many describing murky connections and corrupt alliances among state officials, oligarchs, and local bosses. While such relations remain fundamental to Indonesian politics, this paper draws attention to a parallel but under-analyzed transformation of both the social and political status of business actors in contemporary Indonesia. From tech entrepreneurs to mining giants, people with established business careers are increasingly taking up the reins of government. Once considered the inferior political and policy actor during Suharto’s New Order, businesspersons now exercise direct political power and entrepreneurial success is valued, even revered, within political and policymaking circles. While evidence of such changes can be identified at different moments in Indonesia’s recent history, during the presidency of businessperson politician, Joko Widodo, there has been a marked intensification of these trends. Today there is a far broader acceptance of business elites as stewards of state institutions. The result is a fusing of private power and public office in a form, and to a degree, that is unprecedented in Indonesia’s political history.

Solid waste management practices and challenges in Besisahar municipality, Nepal.

This study is a comprehensive assessment of the waste management system in Besisahar municipality. Information and some data have been collected from the municipality of Besisahar, followed by interviews with municipal officials responsible for waste management, stakeholders, waste workers, and residents. A total of 230 households, 20 schools, 10 government and private offices, 10 financial institutions, 60 commercial hotels, restaurants, and shops, and 20 medical shops and healthcare institutions, were selected in this study by random sampling. An extensive field study was conducted within all municipal wards and at dump sites. The results indicated that 42.14% of solid waste was collected through door-to-door collection services, 5.87% was mismanaged in open public places, 11.21% was used as compost manure, and the rest was discarded on riverbanks, dug up, and burned. A large component of the characterization of household waste consisted of organic waste (68.03%), followed by paper/paper products (8.13%), agricultural waste (5.5%), plastic (5.21%), construction (3.81%), textile (2.72%), metals (0.54%), glass (1.01%), rubber (0.10%), electronic (0.05%), pharmaceutical (0.1%) and others (4.78%) in the Besishahar municipality. Solid waste generation was found to be at 197.604 g/capita/day, as revealed by cluster sampling in 230 households. Around 4.285 tons-solid waste/day were generated in urban areas, while 16.13 tons-solid waste/day was estimated for the whole municipality. An important correlation between the parameters of solid waste was found by statistical analysis. Currently, solid waste is dumped on riverbanks, open fields, and springs, creating environmental and health hazards. The findings of this study will be useful to Besisahar municipality and its stakeholders in forming policies that facilitate waste management practices in this region and promote sustainable waste management systems.

Abstract P319: Effects of Environment and Noise on Blood Pressure Readings: The (Decibel(s)) Trial

Background: While guidelines emphasize quiet settings for blood pressure (BP) measurement, large-scale hypertension screening is often conducted in noisy, public spaces (e.g., health fairs). However, the influence of noise and environment on BP readings is unknown. Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover trial of community dwelling adults in Baltimore, MD to determine the BP effect of noise and public environment. Participants were randomly assigned to the order of triplicate BPs in 3 spaces: private quiet office (private quiet 1 [reference]); noisy public space (public loud); noisy public space + earplugs (public quiet). To account for intrinsic BP variability, all participants underwent a 4th set of BP measurements in a private quiet office (private quiet 2 ). Between each set of triplicate BPs with a WelchAllyn ProB 2000 device and appropriately sized cuff, participants walked for ≥2 minutes, rested for 5 minutes, and had arm/back/feet supported. We conducted difference in difference analysis, overall and stratified by baseline SBP (≥ vs. &lt; 130mmHg) and age (≥ vs. &lt;60yrs). Results: N=108, mean age 56 (SD 17) yrs (55% ≥60 years), 91% Black race, and 44% female. 45% had SBP≥130mmHg. Mean private quiet 1 and private quiet 2 BP was 129/74 and 127/74 mmHg (SBPΔ -1.6 (SD 7.1)/DBPΔ -0.2 (SD 4.0)). The average noise level in public loud was 74 db and in private quiet was 37 db. Public loud and public quiet BPs were slightly different than private quiet 1 BPs, with difference in differences minimal (Table): [Public loud: SBPΔ 0.97 mmHg (95%CI: -0.61, 2.55)/DBPΔ 1.86 mmHg (95%CI: 0.94, 2.78); Public quiet: SBPΔ 1.72mmHg (95%CI: 0.05, 3.39)/DBPΔ 1.66 mmHg (95%CI: 0.79, 2.54)]. The patterns were generally consistent across subgroups by SBP and age. Conclusion: BP readings in noisy public spaces resulted in small overestimation of BP compared to readings in a quiet private office, but the difference was minimal. Large-scale hypertension screening programs in public loud places may be an acceptable option, especially in low resource settings.

Strengthening Culinary Micro-Enterprises Competitiveness Through SWOT Analysis and Business Model Canvas

The research objective is to analyze the culinary business situation in the city of Sintang and recommend new business strategies to increase the competitiveness of the culinary business. The method in this research is a mix method, namely combining a quantitative survey with many respondents to obtain SWOT input data and business models, with in-depth qualitative interviews with several key informants to deepen the survey results. The sample in the research was 150 culinary micro business actors using a purposive sampling technique. The results of research using the canvas business model are that culinary micro businesses have broad customer segments. Relations with consumers are direct and good. The value proposition is carried out by prioritizing product quality to improve performance. The main activity is marketing its products directly. Collaboration is carried out with several government and private offices in the city of Sintang. Costs used, fixed costs and variable costs and sole income from direct and online product sales. The SWOT analysis used to assess internal and external factors produces respective external and internal factor scores, where the internal strength factor scores 1.65, the internal weakness factor scores 1.01, the external opportunity factor scores 1.50, and the external threat factor scores 1.05. Based on the diagram, the culinary micro business strategy in Sintang city is in quadrant one, which means it supports aggressive strategies.