Private Medical College Hospital Research Articles

Prescription writing quality of psychotropic agents in MBBS interns in a private medical college hospital in Mangaluru

Background Rational prescription writing is an important skill to master during internship. This Quality Improvement (QI) project aimed to understand the state of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry, analyze the causes responsible for errors in prescription writing and bring about a change in the current practice. Methods The MBBS interns are posted in the Department of Psychiatry for 15 days. During day 1 to day 5 of their posting, a pre intervention phase was conducted wherein prescriptions written by interns in the Department of Psychiatry were collected. The prescriptions were scored based on 14 criteria which were selected based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Medical Council of India (MCI) ideal prescription format. During PDSA (Plan Do Study Act) Cycle 1, an educational handout was distributed to the interns containing the MCI ideal prescription format and WHO guidelines regarding prescription writing. The brochure was also verbally explained to the interns. From day 7 to day 15 of their posting, prescriptions written by the interns were collected. The prescriptions were scored using the same criteria. Results During the pre intervention phase the mean total score of prescriptions was 9.54 ± 1.003. There was a significant improvement in the mean total score to 10.26 ± 0.746. There was a 7.54% improvement. There was also a significant improvement in several individual criteria. Conclusions The first PDSA cycle was successful in improving the quality of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry. There is a need to implement more PDSA cycles to improve the quality still further.

A Comparative Study Regarding Career Perspectives of Intern Doctors in Government & Private Medical College Hospitals of Bangladesh

The medical carrier chosen by intern doctors as their careers is an important determinant of the future supply of doctors in different specialties, and it is important for the planning of workforce in health-care services. The objective of this study was to compare the pattern of career perspective of intern doctors in government and private medical college hospitals of Bangladesh. This was a comparative cross-sectional type of study carried out among 161 intern Doctor of Government Medical college hospital and 152 intern doctors of private medical college hospital from January to December 2018. Majority (83.4%) of the respondents was unmarried and most of them (82.4%) belonged to Islam. Majority (66.9%) of the respondents (government and private medical college) want to join in government services and the association was statistically significant (p=0.000). A large number of respondents (77.9%) wanted to practice in Bangladesh. The association between type of medical college and intended practice location was not statistically significant (p=0.610). Majority (68.3%) of the respondents want to practice in Dhaka city and the association was statistically significant (p=0.000). About 42.8% of the respondents opted for Medicine as their first choice. Most (91.1%) of the respondents did not have any intention of changing profession and very few (8.9%) of them have intention of changing the profession. The study recommends improving the facilities in Basic subjects for attracting intern doctors to develop their career in these fields.

A Comparative Study of Lung Involvement Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Covid - 19 Patients

COVID-19 caused by a novel agent SARS-CoV-2 progressed to a pandemic condition and resulted in a major public health concern worldwide, leading to social and economic issues at the same time. Vaccinated people getting infected with SARS-COV2 brings a dilemma among the population whether to get vaccinated or not. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of vaccination by comparing the lung involvement in vaccinated and un vaccinated Covid – 19 patients. Retrospective anonymised data of COVID-19 inpatients who underwent HRCT scan during the second wave of pandemic were collected through a validated data collection form, from the medical records of tertiary care private medical college hospital. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 positive participants of 33 each were included in the study. CT severity score (CTS), D-dimer, IL-6 level, oxygen requirement and duration of hospital stay were statistically analysed using appropriate methods. The mean age of the study participants were 56.93 ± 16.01 years. There was no statistical significance between both the groups with respect to gender distribution in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. There was a statistically significant difference in mean CTS score(p<0.001) and oxygen requirement(p<0.05) among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. There was no statistical significance between CORADS, IL-6, D – Dimer and duration of hospital stay. In COVID-19 patients, vaccination reduces the extent of lung involvement and the need for oxygen. The COVID-19 vaccination conundrum is somehow resolved by this study, which also gives us a clear picture of the vaccine's efficacy. Keywords COVID­19, Vaccination, HRCT Scan, CORADS Severity

A descriptive study of myriad risk factors in anemia of varied severity among reproductive female patients visiting a tertiary care setup in coastal Karnataka

Introduction and Aim: Anemia is common among women within childbearing age. The present study was undertaken to analyze the burden ofsocio-demographic status, lifestyle determinants, menstrual parameters, and obstetric factors as risk factors among mild, moderate, and severe types of anaemic women of childbearing age and to assess their knowledge about it.
 
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 79 anemic women visiting a private medical college hospital in Karnataka. The study group was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe anemia based on the WHO criteria of haemoglobin concentration. Participants answered a validated and pretested questionnaire on their socio-demographic status, lifestyle characteristics, menstrual and obstetric history, and their knowledge regarding anemia.
 
 Results: Descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis. The prevalence of mild and moderate anemia in the rural setup was higher compared to urban living. Most of the participants with mild to moderate anemia had education up to primary schooling and were married homemakers. Participants with moderate to severe anemia belonged to the below poverty line status. There was a higher intake of white meat among moderate anemic participants compared to the other groups.Majority of the participants with mild to moderate anemia suffered from dysmenorrhoea. Only 51% of the participants knew that anemia is a health problem and most of the participants were ignorant of the features of anemia.
 
 Conclusion: We conclude that moderately anemic participants mostly belonged to rural areas, were less literate, belonging to lower economic strata, consuming white meat and junk food.

A prospective study on foreign bodies in the oropharyngeal/ nasopharyngeal pathways done in the ENT department of a tertiary care private medical college hospital in the year 2022

To do a prospective study on foreign bodies(FB) in the oropharyngeal (OP) / nasopharyngeal (NP) pathways done in the ENT department of a tertiary care private medical college hospital in the year 2022.To analyse, categorize, correlate the demographic data of patients presenting with FB in OP/ NP pathways with the nature of FB, clinical features, method of removal, duration of hospital stay in the ENT department of a tertiary care private medical college hospital in the year 2022.Study method: Prospective studyStudy centre: Saveetha Medical College, ThandalamStudy population: patients with nasopharyngeal foreign body attending the ENT departmentStudy duration: 8 months from January to August 2022Sample size: 50 1. Age more than 6 months 2. Both male and female subjects 3. Patients presenting to ENT department with oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal foreign body. 1. Age less than 6 months 2. Patients presenting to ENT department with diagnosis other than FB in the OP/NP pathways.OP/NP FB has been seen frequently in the males than females. Most of them were single in number in the OP pathway. Highest number of patients are seen in the 30-39yrs age group of LIG, MIG coming from urban and sub-urban population in our study when compared to other studies which showed highest frequency in children. Fishbone was the frequently encountered FB. Almost all of them are acute cases presenting within 24 to 48hrs. With regards to symptoms, all of them except the persons with NP FB presented with dysphagia. In children upto 4yrs the symptoms were incessant cry, refusal to feed and excess salivation were seen. All OP FB were treated with either IDL or DL scopy. All NP FB treated with FOB. Anaesthesia was either local or short GA depending on the merits of each case. The duration of hospital stay was mostly 24 to 48hrs, except 3 cases who were geriatric people with co-morbidities. In our study Foreign bodies in the OP pathway were common in the adult male population in the middle age unlike children in other studies. Fish and chicken bones were common and in the low and middle income group coming from urban and sub-urban locality. Further studies are needed with larger sample size and longer duration to generalize the results to wider population.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among private medical college students in South India: A cross-sectional study

Medical education is competitive across the globe. The long duration of the medical and paramedical courses and exposure to clinical settings potentially causes mental health issues. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate students in a private medical college in South India. This cross-sectional study was conducted among paramedical and medical students at a private medical college hospital and research center in South India in the year 2021. The required sample size was calculated as 783 with an expected prevalence of 53%, 95% confidence interval (CI), design effect 2.0, and non-response of 10%. The study participants were selected based on simple random sampling. After obtaining informed consent, the data was collected using an email questionnaire. Standard data collection tools such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire were used. The investigator computed the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% CI. Out of 1200 students, 1015 (85%) responded to the email questionnaire. Among them, 639 were females (63%), and 925 were paramedics (91%). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 59%, 43% and 11%, respectively. Almost 95% of students experienced moderate-to-severe stress in the last one month. Prevalence was higher among females and students of medical courses. Students of final year of college (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.2-3.5) and students of medical course (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4) were independently associated with stress among the study participants. There is high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among medical college students in south India. The final year of study and medical course were independently associated with higher stress than others. We recommend periodic assessment of mental health status and additional mental health care for final year students and medical students.

Factors Associated with Out-of-Pocket Expenditure among Patients Admitted for Cataract Surgery under District Blindness Control Society Scheme: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Private Medical College Hospital of South India.

Background:The National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment in India supports the management of various conditions of the eye including cataracts.Objective:The objective of this study is to estimate out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and factors associated with it among patients admitted for cataract surgery under District Blindness Control Society (DBCS) scheme.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Medical College Hospital of Coastal Karnataka, South India. Data were collected using a predesigned semi-structured interview schedule from 100 patients admitted for cataract surgery under DBCS scheme. Costs were reported as median values with interquartile range (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results:Median total cost incurred by the patient was INR 1700 (IQR 1052–2575). Median direct costs (1425, IQR 762.5–2200 INR) included medical expenditure (600, IQR 0–1475 INR), mainly contributed by the treatment of systemic comorbid conditions and nonmedical expenditure toward travel. Median indirect costs (400, IQR 200–600 INR) included loss of wages for the patient and the bystander.Conclusions:OOPE for cataract surgery among DBCS patients was associated with the presence of comorbidity, postponement of surgery, duration of hospital stay, and distance traveled by the patient.

Effectiveness of Educative Session on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, on Diabetes and Dyslipidemia, of Patients Attending a Private Medical College Hospital in South-India

Introduction Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are non-communicable diseases that can be prevented and controlled by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in patients will provide information of much importance in Advocacy (to set guidelines by the Healthcare providers), Communication (increase awareness in subpopulation), and Social mobilization (improve services and expand community support). The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educative session on Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in patients attending a private medical college hospital on diabetes and dyslipidemia in the South-Indian population. Methodology The study was cross-sectional which included 100 patients (41 female and 59 male) of 18-50 years of age attending the hospital and the Central clinical laboratory for various disease conditions. A self-administered questionnaire on personal aspects and diabetes and dyslipidemia was collected. Result Among the study participants, 18% completed school education, 74% completed under-graduation, and 8% completed post-graduation. The frequency of livelihood showed 84% from rural and 16% from an urban background. Nearly 71% were active and 29% were sedentary performing self-activity. The source of information regarding the treatment of patients was also obtained from the patients to implement the same in advocacy. The knowledge of the study group on various aspects including the causes, symptoms, tests, complications of diabetes mellitus, lipid profile, dietary fiber, and exercises was analyzed. We found clarity of explanation about diabetes improved well after the educative session. Around 80% of responders believed that both fiber and routine exercises would contribute to preventing diabetes. Analysis of the attitude and practice revealed a significant knowledge of practicing proper diet, exercises, and routine health care after the educative session. Conclusion We conclude that healthcare providers shall focus on educating the patients according to their needs with the knowledge to have positive attitudes on healthy lifestyle practices in addition to the appropriate treatment.

Device-Associated Hospital-Acquired Infections: Does Active Surveillance With Bundle Care Offer a Pathway to Minimize Them?

Background and objectiveThe prevalence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is underreported in developing nations due to a lack of systematic active surveillance. This study reports the burden of device-associated HAIs (DA-HAIs) based on two years of active surveillance with in situ bundle care in closed intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital.Materials and methodsA prospective surveillance study was carried out in 140-bedded ICUs (2,100-bed hospital) of a tertiary care private medical college hospital. Daily active surveillance for catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), ventilator-associated event (VAE), and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was done by trained infection control nurses (ICNs) along with quality champion nurses with HAI surveillance forms with bundle care auditing, which was attached to the case sheets of all patients on devices. The surveillance definitions of DA-HAIs were adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) 2017 surveillance criteria. Data were analyzed at the end of every month to generate the cumulative device-associated infection (DAI) rates and device utilization ratio (DUR). These data were compared with NHSN and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) - India HAI rates and communicated to corresponding ICUs and also presented at the hospital infection control committee (HICC) meeting.ResultsThe surveillance data were reported over 71,877 patient days during the study period. The DUR of urinary catheters, ventilator, and central line were 0.53, 0.16, and 0.22, respectively. CAUTI, VAE, and CLABSI rates were 0.97, 10.5, and 0.43 per 1,000 device days, respectively. Among 166 DA-HAIs reported, 182 pathogens were identified. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated, accounting for 37.4% of all DA-HAI cases, followed by Acinetobacter baumanii (30.8%). Most of the Gram-negative organisms were carbapenem-resistant (153/175; 87.4%). Vancomycin resistance rate in Enterococcus was 28.5% (2/7).ConclusionDUR and CAUTI, VAE, CLABSI rates were less/on par with the benchmarks of INICC and CDC-NHSN in almost all ICUs of our tertiary care unit. Gram-negative pathogen with 87.4% carbapenem resistance worsened the scenario. Proper active surveillance with bundle care and training by ICNs made a significant difference in all DA-HAI rates, especially VAE, which decreased to 10.5 from 23.6 per 1,000 ventilator days. Sustained active surveillance of HAI and bundle care auditing by a trained infection prevention team with a stringent antibiotic policy are the need of the hour to combat DAIs.

Antibiotic Response to Pediatric Scrub Typhus in South India: Is Clinical Failure to Azithromycin to be Worried?

Scrub typhus is typically associated with a rapid defervescence and clinical improvement within 48 h of initiation of appropriate antibiotics. But increasing reports of resistance to anti-rickettsial medications in scrub typhus are being reported in the literature. This is a retrospective observational study of children up to the age of 14 years admitted between July 2017 and March 2020, to a private medical college hospital in southern part of India. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical response to antibiotic therapy with doxycycline and azithromycin in pediatric scrub typhus infection. One hundred thirty-eight children with scrub typhus infection were included for analysis. The median fever control time (h) was 12 (IQR = 6-29) and 24 (IQR = 10-52) with doxycycline and azithromycin respectively (p < 0.001*). Rapid fever control within 48 h was observed in 92% with doxycycline and in 74% with azithromycin (p < 0.001*). The clinical failure rate (defined by the necessity to change the antibiotics due to: (i) worsening of symptoms and signs of scrub typhus despite 48 h of antibiotics or (ii) persistence of fever and other symptoms of scrub typhus beyond 72 h), was significantly less with doxycycline (1%) compared with azithromycin (9.6%). There has been a significant delayed clinical response to azithromycin in the treatment of scrub typhus in India, when compared to doxycycline. Hence it is preferable to use doxycycline as the first line of antibiotic for undifferentiated fever in scrub typhus endemic areas. This retrospective study aims to compare the clinical response to doxycycline or azithromycin in the treatment of scrub typhus infection in children. The median fever control time, clinical failure rate and the proportion of children with rapid defervescence of fever within 48 h were significantly superior with doxycycline as compared to azithromycin. The findings of this study and those of similar studies in India represent a spectrum of delayed clinical response of Orientia tsutsugamushi to azithromycin as compared to doxycycline in this region.

Splenic Epidermoid Cyst - A Rare Case Managed in a private medical college hospital of Bangladesh

Splenic cysts are rarely detected, and clinically diagnosed commonly as spleenomegaly . Thenature of the cyst could not be diagnosed pre-operatively because of its’ anatomical location andonly be confirmed by the histopathological assessments. These cysts are found as a sequel ofsplenic infarct followed by the abscess formation. This is a very rare condition of a minor boy ofonly 10 years’ old who presented with a hugely enlarged spleen. The common investigation(s)did not prove that it was in the haematological conditions. Ultrasonogram (USG) investigationshows spleenomegaly due to the cystic lesion. CT scan of the abdomen showed large andwell defined cystic mass which was 13.4cmX7.9cmX15.3cm in size, multi-loculated, septated,sharply demarcated as such well delineated cyst. After necessary preparation like vaccination,blood grouping, cross matching and other fitness, laparotomy and total spleenectomy was doneas the cyst occupied most of the Splenic tissue. The post operative recovery was uneventful andthe final diagnosis was confirmed by histopatholgical examinations as epidermoid cyst of thespleen. The patient was followed up for two consecutive months and not a single complicationwas noticed.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.177-180

Demographic and Clinical profile of 190 COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Private Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh: An Observational Study

From late December’19 till the end of August 2020, in this nine months period, world has lost more than eight hundred thousands people due to COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical data on COVID-19 in Bangladesh is less. The objective of our study was to evaluate demographic and clinical profile with in a defined period among COVID-19 Bangladeshi Patients in a Tertiary Care Private Medical College Hospital of Dhaka. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on epidemiological &amp; clinical profile along with short term treatment outcomes of 190 COVID-19 patients from COVID dedicated unit of Popular Medical College Hospital (PMCH) during the period of 18th June to 22nd August 2020 (2 months) with a pre-determined case record form (CRF).Among this 190 patients, mean age was found to be 53 years. Highest percentage of patients (44%) belonged to 41-60 years of age. Regarding gender distribution, two-third patients were male (65%) &amp; one-third patients were female (35%). The predominant symptoms of our enrolled patients were fever (88%),cough (81%) , dyspnoea (58%) &amp; fatigue( 50%). Around half of the patients had been suffering from Hypertension (54%) and Diabetes (47%). Almost half of our patients belonged to moderate severity (48%).The duration of Hospital stay was from 1-36 days, mean was 7 days. There was significant difference for severe and non-severe cases (p value 0.01).&#x0D; J MEDICINE JUL 2020; 21 (2) : 82-88

COVID-19: Effects on Eye in Bangladesh

COVID-19 is a contagious disease which can spread person to person mainly by respiratory droplet from infected person and contact by contaminated objects or body limbs through the routes nose, mouth, and eyes. To find out the ocular manifestations that are found in Bangladesh during COVID-19 pandemic this descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the ocular infection and its manifestation among patients admitted at different COVID-19 dedicated hospitals. Total 26 doctor’s (Eye Specialists, ICU Consultants, ICU Residents/ Medical Officers, Consultants of other Specialities, Medical Officers/ Residents) observational and examination findings were recorded in this study who have already completed one or more roster [07 days] duties in Corona Dedicated hospitals to treat the COVID-19 affected patients directly. Total 3,678 patients information from different hospitals were collected and interviews were taken directly or over telephone from the participants. Data collected from the participants based on the observations of physicians during COVID roster duties in different corona dedicated hospitals. Age sex and ocular signs and symptoms found in patients during hospitalization were recorded. Total 08 (eight) Corona dedicated hospitals; one Medical University, five tertiary level Govt. hospitals, one private Medical College hospital and one largest Isolation center of South-Asia were included as study place. Among the cases 66.2% were male and 33.8% female. Maximum patients were in age group 40-60 years [40%] and minimum of them were above 70 years [10%]. Ocular manifestations found in 48 cases and.30 in suspected, total 78 cases found with ocular manifestations. Total 2.121% patients hade ocular manifestations in confirmed and suspected cases. In COVID confirmed cases 1.316% patients hade ocular manifestations. In conclusion, we found several ocular manifestations in patients who are hospitalized as COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the ocular involvement could be the presenting finding of disease. Further studies are required in Bangladesh and this information may be valuable for future studies. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 14-18

Assessment of immunization among newborns: comparison between children delivered vaginally and by cesarean section

Background: Timely administration of vaccines, particularly for hepatitis B birth dose within 24 hours of birth is of immense importance. It is considered as an indicator of quality of immunization programme. This study aimed to assess effect of mode of delivery and type of hospital on immunization among newborns. Methods: This large multi-site study was conducted in Pune district having population of 9.43 million. A total of 13 hospitals were selected which included all government hospitals performing more than five cesarean sections per month, and one government and one private medical college hospital. Cesarean section and vaginally deliveries were enrolled in 1:1 ratio. Their children were followed till discharge. Data were collected by obstetrician or qualified nurse.Results: During study period 3,112 women were enrolled. The relative risk of not getting vaccine Hepatitis B birth dose before 24 hours among cesarean delivered newoborns was 1.08. The relative risk of not getting zero polio and BCG among cesarean delivered newborns was 0.71 and 0.76 respectively. All these differences were significant. The coverage for all vaccines was better in sub district hospitals than others. Coverage of all vaccines in government teaching hospital was better than private.Conclusions: Cesarean section enabled better coverage among newborns probably due to length of stay. Whereas the physical and mental stress after cesarean section resulted lesser coverage of hepatitis B birth dose within 24 hours. Opportunities of timely Hepatitis B birth dose administration were missed probably due to lack of knowledge among health workers about ideal timing.

Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Patients on Clean Intermittent Catheterization via a Mitrofanoff port with Reused Catheters - Any Association with Catheter Sterility?

Objective:The objective of this study is to find out whether the reused catheters for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) are colonized before insertion and its association with urinary tract infection (UTI).Materials and Methods:This is a study conducted on 28 pediatric surgery patients who are on CIC via a Mitrofanoff port and who were reusing catheters, in a tertiary care private medical college hospital for 6-month period. Catheters to be used for the next catheterization were sent for culture along with urine culture. A questionnaire was utilized to assess CIC practice and UTI.Results:Diseases of patients were: neurogenic bladder and exstrophy–epispadias and posterior urethral valve. Twenty-one of them had an augmented bladder. Hydronephrosis was present in ten and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in five. Their mean duration of CIC was 5.3 years. Of 28 catheter tip samples, 16 catheters were colonized with organism. Of the 28 urine culture samples, 17 cultures were positive and all were asymptomatic except one. Of the 16 positive catheter samples, only 9 had positive urine culture; four of them had grown different organisms and five of them had the same organism, and even in these five, single organism was seen only in three. Urine culture grew Gram-negative organism in 85%, but catheter grew Gram-positive organism in 46%. No difference was found in the variables between both groups such as hydronephrosis, VUR, and augmented bladder.Conclusion:Reused catheters were colonized in 57% of the study patients, but reused catheter may not be the cause of culture positivity or UTI in the study population.

Management of Distal Penile Hypospadias by Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty: Study Of 30 Cases

Background: Hypospadias is the result of failure of fusion of the urethral folds on the ventral aspect of the penis.It usually occur 1 in every 300 male children.Reconstruction of urethra in childhood is the only hope of cure. The aim of this study is to find out the out.come of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal penile hypospadias and to -~~ow that this procedure will end up in a better cosmetic appearance.&#x0D; Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a private medical college hospital, Comilla between July 2011 to June 2012 on 30 patients using Snodgrass technique of hypospadlas surgery. All cases were consecutively selected. Data were processed and analysed· using software SPSS (Statistical Package for social Sciences) version 11.5 and the test· statistics used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics and Z-test for proportion. The variables studied were age, socioeconomic condition, post-operative complications, such as infection rate, urethrocutaneous fistula, meatal stenosis, wound dehiscence etc. &amp;cosmatic outcome such as size of the meatus, shape of the glans studied.&#x0D; Results: Satisfactory results were obtained in 21 (70%) patients and only 8 (26.67%) had urethrocutaneous fistula, 1(3.33%) had retrusive meatus and 7 (23.33%) had wound infection. The final outcome was evaluated based on urethrocutaneous fistula and cosmesis. Out of 30 patients, 21(70%) did not have urtethrocutaneous fistula and were cosmetically acceptable. Binomial test based on Z-approximation reveals that observed proportion of patients with satisfactory- outcome was statistically significant (p = 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study concludes that Snodgrass urethroplasty has better cosmetic outcome. Thus we recommended it as the primary treatment for the children with distal hypospadias.&#x0D; Journal of Surgical Sciences (2014) Vol. 18 (1) : 9-14

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Study on practice of physical activity among medical interns in a private medical college hospital in Chennai

Background: Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide. It is a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Physical activity has significant health benefits and contributes to prevent NCDs. Globally, 1 in 4 adults are not active enough. More than 80% of the world's adolescent population is insufficiently physically active. So the aim of this study is to assess the practice of physical activity among the medical interns, as they are the future doctors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 124 medical interns. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Microsoft Excel 2010 spread sheet version 14.1.3 and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 were used for data entry and analysis. The results are expressed as percentages and proportions.Results: In our study majority of the interns 66 (64.1%) had normal body mass index (BMI). The practice of non-exercise physical activity is more in female than male interns whereas the exercise physical activity is more in males comparing to female interns.Conclusions: Physical inactivity is an urgent public health priority, so long-term follow-up is needed to identify the factors promoting for the practice of physical activity among medical interns.

Knowledge and awareness on disaster management among medical professionals of a selected public and private medical college hospital

Background: Disaster causes widespread destruction, disrupting people’s lives and causing human suffering with communities finding it difficult to cope. When the disaster occurs, human beings may not have the power to stop it from occurring, nevertheless they may have the power and ability to adapt or minimize the impact of the disaster on their lives. This study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness on disaster management among medical professionals.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical professionals from two selected medical college hospitals in Dhaka city of Bangladesh from January to April 2017. A total of 120 samples were selected purposively using two stages sampling technique. The data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and was analysed using SPSS 20.0 version.Results: In this study half 60 (50.0%) of the study participants were in the age group 20-30 years and about 77.5% of the study participants were Muslims. About 64.2% of the study participants had less than 11 years of professional experience. Only 10 (8.3%) of the study participants had attended training on disaster management. About 30.0% of the study participants had good level of knowledge and only 49.2% had high level of awareness.Conclusions: The findings revealed that most of the study participants had not attended any training on disaster management. It also reported that the majority of the study participants had poor level of knowledge. Evacuation exercises need to be done for the entire hospital at least twice a year.

Pattern of psychiatric morbidity among patients attended at psychiatry outpatient department in a private medical college hospital

Mental health problems are often unrecognized and neglected by patients, their relatives and by the society. The objective of the study was to find out the pattern of psychiatric morbidity of the patients attending at the psychiatry outpatient department. This was a cross sectional study carried out in the department of Psychiatry at North Bengal Medical College Hospital (NBMCH), Sirajganj from August, 2015 to July, 2017. For this purpose, 918 respondents attending in psychiatry outpatient department of NBMCH were enrolled in the study by using convenient sampling technique. The results showed that majority (26.3%) were from the age group of 31-40 years with female preponderance (58.7%). Among them 71.8% were married and 71.1% came from rural background. Maximum respondent’s (56.3%) monthly family income was in between 15,000-30,000 BDT. The most common psychiatric morbidity among the respondents was major depressive disorder (38.6%) followed by anxiety disorsers (25.8%). Most (85.1%) of the respondents were referred either by themselves or by their family members, friends or by relatives. The rest (14.9%) were referred by general physicians and specialists of different disciplines. The result of this study may help in the planning for better mental health service in private medical college hospitals.Bang J Psychiatry June 2016; 30(1): 10-13