Private Healthcare Sector Research Articles

The perception of the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery and differentiation from similar specialities among dental students, medical students, trainee interns and pre-vocational junior doctors

PurposeTo explore the ability of Dental Students (DS), Medical Students (MS), Trainee Interns (TI) and Pre-vocational Junior Doctors (JD) in identifying procedures performed by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS), the scope of practice (SOP) of OMS and ability to differentiate OMS from similar specialities.MethodsThe study included 282 complete responses to a survey consisting of: 9 demographic questions, 11 OMS awareness, professional ambition, teaching and exposure, confidence in identifying and referring questions and 70 procedural/scenario questions across four domains. Collected data was qualitatively and statistically analysed using SPSS V29.ResultsOMS awareness was limited. 92.2% reported None to Small amount of OMS teaching and exposure during university, with 66.0% preferring to have had a Fair to Significant amount. DS experienced more than medical respondents (2.1 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001). Most respondents reported No to Low confidence in identifying the SOP and procedures performed by OMS (67.7%) and referring to OMS (62.4%) compared to similar specialities (32.4% and 33.2%, respectively). 52.9% of procedures performed by OMS were correctly identified as being performed by OMS. The ability to identify the OMS SOP (8.7%) and differentiate OMS from similar specialities (5.0%) was low, however better among DS than medical respondents (14.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.002 and 12.2% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe study has highlighted a deficit in the understanding of OMS with potential implications in the public and private healthcare sector. Identification of procedures, OMS SOP and ability to differentiate OMS from similar specialities is limited however slightly better among DS.

Predicting medical waste generation and associated factors using machine learning in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Effective planning and managing medical waste necessitate a crucial focus on both the public and private healthcare sectors. This study uses machine learning techniques to estimate medical waste generation and identify associated factors in a representative private and a governmental hospital in Bahrain. Monthly data spanning from 2018 to 2022 for the private hospital and from 2019 to February 2023 for the governmental hospital was utilized. The ensemble voting regressor was determined as the best model for both datasets. The model of the governmental hospital is robust and successful in explaining 90.4% of the total variance.Similarly, for the private hospital, the model variables are able to explain 91.7% of the total variance. For the governmental hospital, the significant features in predicting medical waste generation were found to be the number of inpatients, population, surgeries, and outpatients, in descending order of importance. In the case of the private hospital, the order of feature importance was the number of inpatients, deliveries, personal income, surgeries, and outpatients. These findings provide insights into the factors influencing medical waste generation in the studied hospitals and highlight the effectiveness of the ensemble voting regressor model in predicting medical waste quantities.

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF PRIVATE HOSPITALS? EVIDENCE FROM A PRIVATE HOSPITAL CHAIN

Private for-profit healthcare providers significantly contribute to health system in Türkiye. Therefore, the ability of the private providers to sustain their operations is critical for the success of the health system. At this point, the sector's financial sustainability emerges as an important determinant. This study aims to assess the financial sustainability of private healthcare sector in Türkiye. To explore this phenomenon, data for a decade were obtained from a private hospital chain which has hospitals in different regions in Türkiye. Given the multidimensional structure of financial sustainability, the evaluation was carried out across four categories encompassing various variables such as real growth rate, profitability ratios, asset turnover rated, and cash conversion cycle. Based on the variables, a financial sustainability index was formed. The analyses showed that the hospital’s level of financial sustainability had a fluctuating trend and exhibited a decline for a significant portion of the analysis period. Despite real increases in sales, relatively stable profitability ratios, and high asset turnover rates, it was determined that high production costs and prolonged collection period for accounts receivable adversely impacted the level of financial sustainability.

Policy action points and approaches to promote fertility care in The Gambia: Findings from a mixed-methods study.

In the Global South, (in)fertility care is scarcely recognized as a priority, yet the government of The Gambia has recently included it as one of the key priorities in its reproductive health strategic plan. This inclusion appears to be the result of years of engagement between policy actors, academic researchers, and activists in the field of reproductive health and specifically of infertility. However, the operationalization of the strategic plan may be hampered by multiple factors. The research aims to identify and analyze challenges that may impede the effective implementation of the strategic plan, thereby providing policy action points and practical guidance into the operationalization of (in)fertility care in the context of The Gambia's health system. This is a mixed-methods study with data from a survey and semi-structured interviews collected between 2020 and 2021 in The Gambia that were separately published. In this paper, we present the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data using a convergence coding matrix to identify relevant policy action points. Six fertility care policy action points, driven by data, arose from the triangulation and interpretation process, specifically: (i) establishing and maintaining political commitment and national priority for fertility care; (ii) creating awareness and increasing the involvement of men in SRH and fertility; (iii) ensuring data-driven health policymaking; (iv) offering and regulating affordable IVF alternatives; (v) improving knowledge of and means for fertility care provision; and (vi) enhancing the collaboration among stakeholders and building links with the private healthcare sector. This study found the implementation of the fertility care-related activities in the reproductive health strategic plan may face challenges that require careful mitigation through a holistic approach. Such an approach conceptualizes infertility not just as a biomedical issue but as a broader one that incorporates educational and socio-emotional aspects, including male and (not only) female involvement in sexual and reproductive health. Moreover, it is supported by a comprehensive health management information system that includes capturing data on the demand for, and access to, infertility services in The Gambia health system.

Shaping the Future of Healthcare: Integrating Ecology and Digital Innovation

The concept of sustainable healthcare is the subject of an increasingly intense, captivating, forward-looking, yet sometimes still overly theoretical debate. The aim of this contribution is to analyze the current scenarios of ecological and digital transition in the healthcare sector, considering its high energy consumption. In particular, we adopt a holistic and convergent vision of the energy mix and its infrastructure, moving beyond the ideological dichotomy of energy sources. Renewable sources, digital innovations, and the circular economy are seen as playing key roles in the future of the energy sector. In this research, a mixed methodology was employed, combining a questionnaire consisting of 31 questions with semi-structured interviews conducted with the top management of a major player in the private healthcare sector located in southern Italy in 2023. Consequently, we examine the main macro-guidelines of technological development, encompassing enabling technologies, new business models, roles, and professional skills. Based on the analyses conducted, we provide some insights to inform governmental policies and industrial strategies in the near future. Digitalization represents an opportunity to enhance the efficiency of healthcare services, reducing waste and ensuring quality. For instance, digital healthcare solutions enable personalized care on a global scale and offer decision support systems that can enhance overall healthcare performance. However, to maximize the benefits of digital transformation, it is essential to integrate new technologies effectively and sustainably into the existing healthcare ecosystem. A promising example is telemedicine, which can help reduce carbon emissions by decreasing healthcare workers’ travel.

The effect of institutional pressures and dynamic managerial capability on strategic renewal: The case of strategic agility and digital readiness as mediators in healthcare industry

This research investigates the role of institutional pressures, dynamic managerial capabilities, strategic agility and digital readiness as mediating factors in the gap of the healthcare sector's post-pandemic digital transformation. This study employed strategic and managerial questionnaires involving 308 medium-sized private hospitals in Indonesia and LISREL 6.0 was used for the analysis. Findings indicated that strategic agility did not mediate dynamic managerial capability for strategic renewal. Moreover, the private healthcare sector was found to be influenced by pressures to imitate other hospitals and competitors, and digital readiness had a stronger mediating effect than strategic agility. The study enriches organization theory by investigating institutional pressures driving strategic renewal. It also enhances the literature on strategic management by exploring the mediating role of strategic agility and digital readiness in strategic change. Lastly, it highlights the association between digital readiness and managerial and organizational aspects resulting from strategic change and further emphasizes the need for integrated teams and digital health services in hospitals to achieve strategic renewal.

The Role of Private Practitioners in Bridging the Healthcare Gap and Achieving Universal Health Coverage in India

abstract In a mixed Healthcare System such as India, private practitioners or private sector Health care providers play a significant role in providing health care to the community. This is especially true in settings where public healthcare systems are overburdened and face challenges in providing universal and timely access to medical services. The availability of ample private healthcare options allows patients to receive the medical care they receive where individuals can select the provider that aligns with their preferences, timings and needs and enhance overall patient satisfaction. Although private practitioners have the potential to bridge healthcare gaps, there are also challenges faced by the private healthcare sector. A proper balance and cooperation between the public and private sectors are a must for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Integrating private practitioners into UHC should be tailored to each country’s context and demand. When private practitioners collaborate with public healthcare, they can collectively bridge gaps, improve general access and improve service quality.

Acute Appendicitis in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Abstract &#x0D; The Lancet commission on Global Surgery identified a huge global burden of surgical illness which is not adequately treated, as the resources needed to effectively treat these many common surgical conditions are not readily available in many regions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of acute appendicitis in South Africa.&#x0D; Methods&#x0D; A scoping search was conducted across major electronic databases to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and December 2023. Articles reporting on the incidence, presentation, diagnostic methods, surgical interventions, and outcomes of acute appendicitis in South Africa were included.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; The literature review revealed an increasing incidence of acute appendicitis among African patients in South Africa, potentially linked to dietary changes accompanying urbanization. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, open appendectomy remains the primary approach, particularly in public healthcare facilities, indicating disparities in access to laparoscopic surgery. Complications such as wound infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia contribute to prolonged hospital stays, high morbidity, and high mortality. However, outcomes in private healthcare settings demonstrate higher rates of laparoscopic procedures and lower complication rates compared to public institutions.&#x0D; Conclusion &#x0D; Acute appendicitis in South Africa presents unique challenges, including disparities in surgical access and outcomes between public and private healthcare sectors. Addressing these challenges requires efforts to improve healthcare infrastructure, enhance surgical training, and promote equitable access to laparoscopic techniques. Collaborative research endeavors and evidence-based interventions are essential for optimizing the management and outcomes of acute appendicitis across diverse socio-economic contexts in South Africa.

The effect of institutional pressures and dynamic managerial capability on strategic renewal: The case of strategic agility and digital readiness as mediators in healthcare industry

This research investigates the role of institutional pressures, dynamic managerial capabilities, strategic agility and digital readiness as mediating factors in the gap of the healthcare sector's post-pandemic digital transformation. This study employed strategic and managerial questionnaires involving 308 medium-sized private hospitals in Indonesia and LISREL 6.0 was used for the analysis. Findings indicated that strategic agility did not mediate dynamic managerial capability for strategic renewal. Moreover, the private healthcare sector was found to be influenced by pressures to imitate other hospitals and competitors, and digital readiness had a stronger mediating effect than strategic agility. The study enriches organization theory by investigating institutional pressures driving strategic renewal. It also enhances the literature on strategic management by exploring the mediating role of strategic agility and digital readiness in strategic change. Lastly, it highlights the association between digital readiness and managerial and organizational aspects resulting from strategic change and further emphasizes the need for integrated teams and digital health services in hospitals to achieve strategic renewal.

IJCM_12A: Parental perception on surgical care in public and private health care systems

Background: The purpose of the study is to assess the perception of parents on surgical care in public and private healthcare systems. It encompasses factors like quality of care, convenience, and expenditure that provide satisfaction, which has a crucial role in shaping parental perception. Objective: To compare the perception of parents regarding the quality of care provided to children for surgical care in public and private health care systems. Methodology: The questionnaire was constructed in three languages and distributed to 125 patients. Details regarding the levels of perception among parents and its significance in the Public and Private sectors included 6 questions - Convenience of location, Length of time spent, Equipment, comfort, explanation of the condition, and overall stay. Results: Overall satisfaction was seen to be 54.67% for the households admitted in the private healthcare sector compared to 59.27% in the public healthcare sector. Comfort was 52.53% and 66.24% in private and public health care services respectively. The personal manner of doctors was 57.87% in private and 58.72% in the public health care sector. Conclusion: Overall satisfaction level in public hospitals was better when compared with the private sector, even though, the difference between the satisfaction level for the quality of care provided in public and private in our study was not significant.

Etonogestrel-releasing subdermal contraceptive implant: Budget impact analysis based on the Brazilian private healthcare system.

High rates of unplanned pregnancies persist despite pharmacological developments and advancements in contraceptive methods. Here, we demonstrate that the etonogestrel-releasing subdermal contraceptive implant (IMP-ETN) may be an appropriate and cost-effective alternative to levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs) for women in Brazil. For our pharmacoeconomic analysis, we reviewed the literature on IMP-ETN regarding its acceptance, eligibility criteria, choice, relations with age, adverse events and, finally, the unmet need in the fee-for-service private healthcare sector. We considered qualitative observations in combination with quantitative analysis and performed a deterministic sensitivity analysis to investigate whether this technology can be self-sustainable over a period of five years. The target population for this analysis comprised 158,696 women. Compared with the continued use of LNG-IUSs, adopting the IMP-ETN can result in a cost avoidance of $ 7.640.804,02 in the first year and $ 82,455,254.43 in five years. Disseminating information among physicians will promote this change and strengthen the potential cost avoided by private health system payers. These savings can be used to improve other healthcare programs and strategies. Moreover, the principles of care can be promoted by improving and adapting healthcare systems and expanding treatment and follow-up strategies. This would also provide support to women's reproductive rights and improve their quality of life. Our results suggest that the IMP-ETN has a favorable cost-effectiveness profile. Given all its advantages and negative incremental cost impact over a period of five years, the IMP-ETN may be a more favorable alternative to LNG-IUSs. Therefore, it should be offered to beneficiaries with a private healthcare plan. This analysis overcomes previous barriers to the use of cost-benefit models, and our results may help balance decision-making by policymakers, technical consultants, and researchers.

Theoretical and methodological foundations of the problem of business planning in the healthcare system

Healthcare business planning is becoming a key tool needed to ensure quality, affordable healthcare while maintaining sustainable financial models. It allows you to adapt to changing conditions, strategically allocate resources, optimize budgetary costs, and improve the availability and qualit y of medical care. Target. Scientifically substantiate theoretical approaches and study the features of business planning in the healthcare system. Results. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the problem of business planning in the healthcare system have been studied; the directions of medical rehabilitation activities in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region are described; measures were proposed to improve business planning within the medical rehabilitation system. Conclusion. Business planning for medical rehabilitation is becoming increasingly important in the context of pressures on government agencies, changing health care delivery models and the development of the private healthcare sector.

Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

BackgroundIn Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private sector.MethodsBetween October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate regression.ResultsThe pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578; P = 0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313; P = 0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164; P < 0.001). This resulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%; P = 0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14; P = 0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR = 10.86; 95% CI: 2.64–44.60; P < 0.001) and experiencing TB-related stigma (aOR = 37.90; 95% CI: 1.72–831.73; P = 0.021).ConclusionsPersons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the public or private sector. Patient costs could be reduced through expanded insurance reimbursement to minimize direct medical costs in the private sector, use of remote monitoring and multi-week/month dosing strategies to avert economic costs in the public sector and greater access to social protection mechanism in general.

A Study on Occupational Stress of Employees of Private Health Care Sector in Malappuram

Occupational stress is a growing concern that affects individuals and organizations alike. The impact of stress can be significant, leading to decreased job satisfaction, decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, and physical health problems. To address occupational stress, a combination of organizational, individual, and environmental interventions is necessary. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent and nature of occupational stress among employees in the healthcare sector, identify the factors contributing to it, and examine the change in stress across the various demographic factors. The researcher found a number of factors causing occupational stress, such as the inability to maintain work life balance, daily stressful challenges related to work, the emotional and psychological toll of the job, work dissatisfaction, etc. The researcher also found that stress levels vary according to gender, age, experience, and annual income

Encouraging Intersectoral Collaboration to Promote Medical Tourism in South Africa

Rebuilding is a prominent theme in a post pandemic era where economies are looking to attract all opportunities to recover. Tourism has always been a key driver to boost economies particularly in countries which are rich in cultural diversity and natural beauty. South Africa, which already has a thriving tourism industry, has seen an increase in medical tourists who are motivated by the desire to avoid high healthcare costs, long wait times for services and specific procedures that are not offered in their own countries. South Africa's private healthcare system is world-class for medical tourism because it is supported by a thriving medical insurance market. The rise of medical tourism in South Africa has stemmed from synergies formed with the private sector healthcare system because of the growth of tourism. Currently, only private sector hospitals are involved in rendering services related to medical tourism. The current rollout of the National Health Insurance (NHI) poses as an opportunity for the public healthcare sector to also benefit from the revenue generated by medical tourism, however there are challenges that exist that must be alleviated. This paper will begin with an overview of the medical tourism and healthcare sectors in South Africa based on secondary research conducted. Thereafter the empirical data highlighting challenges experienced at selected public central hospitals in South Africa will be presented. The paper will then explore the collaboration potential of the tourism and healthcare industries to overcome the challenges presented. Recommendations will be contributory in highlighting the need for revenue to restore trust in the public healthcare sector and boost medical tourism. The empirical study, through adopting a descriptive exploratory paradigm, emphasises the quantitative method used to gather data from a purposive sample with the use of a questionnaire. Data collected from 322 respondents revealed that the daily challenges, underpinned by a severe lack of funding at the selected public central hospitals in South Africa, inhibit high quality service delivery, making the public healthcare sector an undesirable option for medical tourism.&#x0D;

Private health insurance in the United States and Sweden: A comparative review.

The United States of America and Sweden both contain a public and private component to their healthcare systems. While both countries spend a similar amount per capita on public healthcare expenditures, the United States spends significantly more in the private healthcare sector. Sweden has a social democratic model of health care, and given its identity as a welfare state, private health insurance providers have a small and nuanced role. This paper was completed after searches were queried for "Sweden," "United States," and variants of the words "insurance," "public," "private," "Medicare," "Medicaid," "public," and "costs." A preliminary search in May 2022, yielded 78 articles, of which 45 were ultimately considered relevant for this review. Inclusion criteria consisted of English language articles, topic relevance, and verification of MEDLINE-indexed journals. These searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane. Summary findings of these searches are compiled in this review. Sweden guarantees low-cost appropriate care to all citizens with equitable access; however, drawbacks of its system include high financial burden, lack of primary care infrastructure, as well as geographical and socioeconomic inequities. On the other hand, the United States' healthcare system is built around the private sector with public health insurance reserved only for the most vulnerable patient populations. Our goal is to provide an overview, compare the role of private health insurance in both countries, and highlight policies that have had beneficial effects in each nation. Possible solutions to the drawbacks of each nation's health insurance policies could be addressed by additional support to Sweden's vulnerable population by developing a program similar to the US' Medicare Advantage program. Conversely, the United States may benefit from increasing access to public health insurance, especially in instances where families face unemployment.

The social, demographic and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district therapists of state and private sectors of health care

The article presents comparative analysis of demographic, social and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district therapists in state and private medical organizations. Sociological, statistical and analytical research methods were applied. The study was carried out on the basis of polyclinics of both Moscow Health Department and Moscow private health care sector. The sampling consisted of 399 questionnaires subjected to statistical processing. It is established that in state and private medical organizations, in this group of physicians prevail women 36-55 years old, born in the Russian Federation, in Moscow, married, having children and assessing one's income level as average. Most of them received their higher education in Moscow, graduated residency in therapy and have no medical category or academic degree. The professional experience consists 10 years or more. All physicians in state polyclinics hold more than one position and in private polyclinics 8.6% of physicians are underemployment. In the state sector, paternalistic model of communication with patient is preferable, in the private sector - a collegiate one. In the state sector, the collegiate management style of CEO is convenient and in the private sector - collegiate or dynamic one. In both sectors, adhocratic organizational culture is comfortable. Against the background of readiness to proceed working in current conditions, work in another sector is not excluded. The material factor is considered as main driver of professional motivation. The social, demographic and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district physicians in both sectors of health care in the main are similar, but have their own characteristics.

Private Sector Provision as an “Escape Valve”: The Mexico Diabetes Experiment

Abstract Public health systems are dominant in much of the world but often face fiscal constraints that lead to rationing of care. As a result, private sector healthcare providers could in theory beneficially supplement public systems, but evaluating the benefits of private alternatives has been challenging. We evaluate a private supplement to the free public health system for one of the world’s deadliest health problems, diabetes. We estimate enormous impacts of the private supplement, increasing the share of those treated who are under control by 69%. This effect arises through both improved treatment compliance and health behavior. We find diabetes complications fall in the short run, and that the net costs of this intervention are one-third of the gross costs. The returns to private care do not appear to reflect more productive delivery but rather more attachment to medical care, offering lessons for improving the public system.

Radiographers' conceptualisation of trauma imaging in Gauteng, South Africa.

Radiographers form part of the healthcare team and are integral in the diagnosis and treatment of trauma patients. Additionally, they are required to provide their services to multiple departments within the hospital, including the emergency department. Healthcare workers who work with trauma patients experience changes in their psychological functioning. Therefore, diagnostic radiographers may have similar experiences; however, limited studies were found on radiographers' conceptualisation of trauma imaging. The aim of this study was to explore and describe radiographers' conceptualisation of trauma imaging. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted virtually with radiographers in both the private and public healthcare sectors in Gauteng, South Africa. In this qualitative, explorative and descriptive study, 20 radiographers were interviewed virtually through Zoom or WhatsApp video calls or telephone interviews. Participants were asked a central question: 'What does trauma imaging mean to you?' Detailed notes were taken during the interviews, and interviews were audio-recorded. The data was transcribed and underwent thematic analysis. Trustworthiness and ethical principles were adhered to throughout the study. Thematic analysis identified four themes: (1) COVID-19 pandemic; (2) road accidents; (3) gender-based violence (GBV); and (4) paediatric injuries that participants conceptualised as trauma imaging. Participants conceptualised trauma imaging as COVID-19, road accidents, GBV and paediatric patients. It was noted that participants' personal experiences were significant contributors to their meaning-making and responses to trauma imaging. The study has contributed to the understanding of the conceptualisation of trauma imaging from the perspective of diagnostic radiographers.

Evaluating the employer branding mix model: a study in the Spanish healthcare sector

PurposeThis research examines the applicability of the Employer Branding (EB) Mix model developed by Rayón et al. (2022), one of the few empirically validated models, to promote organizational commitment within the context of the Spanish healthcare sector.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was administered to 310 employees of a national company in the Spanish healthcare sector. Several multiple regression models were run between the EB dimensions and those of employees’ organizational commitment.FindingsThe results show that the elements of the EB Mix model have a positive relationship with employee’s commitment, especially affective and value commitment.Research limitations/implicationsThe existence of causality cannot be affirmed, in view of the sectional design with a single sample taken from the Spanish private healthcare sector. Additionally, it would be worth extending the analysis of the effect of the EB Mix model on the behavior of potential employees.Practical implicationsThis research is extremely relevant, given that it can help organizations in the health sector to implement EB programs. The model is an effective tool for retaining human talent and can generate a competitive advantage for organizations that use it.Originality/valueThe EB Mix model presents a conceptually-based and empirically validated model that incorporates the perception of employees as co-creators of the internal brand, which promotes the democratization of organizations and includes the four Ps of the marketing mix.