Private Cooperation Research Articles

Tools for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region

The article is devoted to the problems of innovative enterprise development. Since the Russian economy is in a state of financial and economic stagnation, there is a need to apply radically new innovative directions of business activities that ensure the effective use of financial potential within the framework of national projects. Practice shows that today the business sector in Russia is not able to provide a full-fledged demand for new technologies. Therefore, there is a need for substantial state support to provide centralized orders for high-tech industries. There are already examples of combining the efforts of a number of Autonomous economic entities to implement innovative reforms, new organizational forms of interaction have been formed, such as: centers for the implementation of innovative ideas; centers for engineering services; business incubators, etc. The subjects of these organizational forms of cooperation developed and proposed measures aimed at innovative solution of technological problems relevant to the regional economy, as well as for the country as a whole. Link for the efficient interaction of economic agents becomes an inherent characteristic, is the need of implementation of mechanisms of coordination with “network interaction”. It is important to note the fact that the existing relations and forms of regulation of various systems are not permanent, there are no strategic concepts aimed at long-term public and private cooperation.

Role of Public and Private Partnership in Implementing Development Strategies of the South of Russia

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of public and private partnership (PPP) in implementing strategic priorities for developing the regions of Southern Russia. Public and private partnership is currently one of the priority mechanisms for developing regional infrastructure, modernizing industry, establishing “smart” digital environment, improving social facilities, housing and communal services. Taking into account these factors, the authors suggest an approach to analysing the relationship between the level of PPP development in the regions of Southern Russia and key strategic development vectors by means of identifying the relation between the integrated indicators characterizing the level of social and economic development of regions, investment and innovation attractiveness, digitalization and energy efficiency of the corresponding regions of the South of Russia and the PPP development index. The graphical representation of the regions of Southern Russia in respect of the relevant integrated indicators reveales that higher competitive positions are provided in the following leading regions of the South of Russia: Krasnodar and Stavropol krai, Rostov, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions. The analysis makes it possible to identify interregional gaps in the period under study in terms of investment attractiveness, innovativeness, energy efficiency and digitalization of the regions of Southern Russia. It is determined that there exists a high level of regional “stratification” according to the level of social and economic development and public and private partnership (PPP) development. The study shows a high level of relationship between the strategic development of the regions of Southern Russia and the level of public and private partnership (PPP) development. In accordance with the obtained results the authors propose recommendations for improving institutional environment and management tools to enhance the public and private cooperation.

Why public–private cooperation is not prevalent in national parks within centralised countries

ABSTRACTShared governance between the public and private sectors can contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of park management and to the fulfilment of its triple mandate of recreation, conservation, and economic pursuits. Nevertheless, park authorities in centralised countries are reluctant to introduce public–private partnerships on a wide scale. This qualitative study is to explore the reasons why public–private cooperation is not widespread within national parks in Vietnam and China. The findings show that both countries have made some sophisticated management choices in relation to public–private cooperation. The adaptive implications are discussed at the end of the paper.

Terminal Kalibaru sebagai Solusi Mengatasi Kemacetan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Jakarta, 2011-2016

This study argues that container loading and unloading congestion at Tanjung Priok Port is caused by long dwelling time due to the limited capacity of existing container terminals. Therefore, the Kalibaru Terminal was built to overcome this problem. The research objective is to look at the planning, construction, and operation of the Kalibaru Terminal. This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study indicate that the construction of the Kalibaru Terminal is a superior project of government and private cooperation so that it must go through an international tender. The development of Kalibaru Terminal aims to increase productivity and accelerate economic growth. The existence of the Kalibaru Terminal also caused the flow of goods to run smoothly and decrease in dwelling time from eight to three days.

Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in China: A Cost–Benefit Analysis

The deployment of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) is regarded as a significant solution to improve road safety, transportation management, and energy efficiency. This study assessed the safety, traffic, environmental, and industrial economic benefits of ICV deployment in China under different scenarios. A bottom-up model was established to deal with these impacts within a unified framework, based on the existing theories and literature of ICVs’ cost–benefit analysis, as well as China’s most recent policies and statistics. The results indicate that the total benefits may reach 13.25 to 24.02 trillion renminbi (RMB) in 2050, while a cumulative benefit–cost ratio of 1.15 to 3.06 suggests high cost-effectiveness. However, if the government and industry only focus on their own interests, the break-even point may be delayed by several years. Hence, an effective business model is necessary to enhance public–private cooperation in ICV implementation. Meanwhile, the savings of travel time costs and fleet labor costs play an important part in all socioeconomic impacts. Therefore, the future design of ICVs should pay more attention to the utilization of in-vehicle time and the real substitution for human drivers.

MEMAKNAI HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN DALAM KEBIJAKANKERJASAMA SWASTA DENGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH(PEMDA) MELALUI PERJANJIAN BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER (BOT) BIDANG PASAR

Rights and obligations in the Regional Government cooperation agreement with Swata can be seen from the balance of contract, the balance itself is the principle that requires both parties to fulfill and implement the agreement. This balance is important to build equality for the parties involved in relation to rights and obligations. However, interpreting this equality is still difficult. Both parties have their own interests. This study uses a qualitative method with an interpretive approach, where through this approach there is an emphasis to see one text relation with another text. Based on this approach, to illustrate the text in the policy of between cooperation regional government and the sector private in BOT contact, it can be done using the signifiying order and three-dimensional analysis triggered by Danesi and Perron. Understanding the rights and obligations of BOT contracts is seen as a reality both social and legal. This reality as a balancing ground operates a private cooperation agreement. Through the relationship between text as rights and texts as an obligation, it will be illustrated if the roles of the parties in private cooperation with the local government are mutually aware of their respective duties and functions.

Hybridized industrial ecosystems and the makings of a new developmental infrastructure in East Asia’s green energy sector

In the midst of intensifying global competition over green energy systems, Korean and Taiwanese companies are rapidly rising as serious exporters of smart microgrids. What explains the emergence of an East Asian presence in the global green energy sector? My core argument is that policymakers in Korea and Taiwan view smart microgrids strategically as a new developmental infrastructure, which will help position domestic firms onto a new competitive footing. I show that in Korea, this is taking place through the state’s leveraging of the nation’s innovation champions – globally leading chaebol or conglomerates and their networks of small and medium enterprise (SME) suppliers in the domestic market. In Taiwan, the state has leveraged government research institutes and their rich networks with internationally competitive SMEs and with large domestic firms. These efforts reflect the creation of a new form of public and private cooperation, which I refer to as ‘hybridized industrial ecosystems’. These institutional mutations in the green energy sector suggest that the state’s transformative capacity has been expanding, not shrinking as many recent writers on the developmental state conclude. Overall, the findings from this fresh new sector represents the unfolding of a new chapter of developmental thinking in East Asia.

Transit-Oriented Development Policies and Station Area Development in Asian Cities

Many metropolitan cities in Asia are planning and implementing extensive investment in mass transit networks and thus are now on the threshold of becoming transit cities or car traffic saturation cities. The promotion of transit-oriented development (TOD) policies will be a key to the progression to transit cities. TOD should consider a transit-oriented regional growth management plan, station area zoning regulations (mixed-use, minimum density, maximum parking, etc.), joint development among local governments, transit agencies, and private developers, and an institutional mechanism for public and private cooperation in station area development. We examine cases from cities in Japan, the United States (US), and Southeast Asia, including Tokyo and Toyama in Japan, Denver in the US, and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. We conclude that the following are factors for the successful implementation of TOD in Asian cities: a shift from highway-based zoning to transit-oriented zoning; the creation of an institutional mechanism for public and private cooperation in station area development; a balance between public benefit and private benefit; the connection of transit services and affordable housing; and multi-modal connection planning, including walking.

Analysis and Selection of a Business Model: the Case of Delphi Subway Transportation Project

This paper examines the conditions of developing an additional line to the Delhi subway in India, in order to facilitate transportation in the city during the Commonwealth Games. The paper is developed through analyzing the business model that delivered the development of the project, examine advantages, disadvantages, results delivered, and proposes what could have done differently in order to minimize risks. This is a case of public and private sector cooperation.

Priorities for Public-Private Cooperation to Mitigate Risk and Impact of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks.

By definition, Global Catastrophic Biological Risks (GCBRs) are "beyond the collective capability of national and international governments and the private sector to control". Implicit in this definition is that no single country, sector, or entity can effectively mitigate risk and impact of GCBRs and that doing so requires public-private cooperation. This short commentary offers five trends suggesting that conditions for cooperation are favorable, along with three gaps to be addressed, and five high-level recommendations to strengthen public-private cooperation to mitigate risk and impact of GCBRs.

Enhancing Public–Private Cooperation in Epidemic Preparedness and Response

The threat of epidemics and pandemics has increased as our world has become more interconnected. Recent epidemics have highlighted the need for increased investment in preparedness and the critical role of the private sector in health system strengthening and preparedness. Our manuscript seeks to bring attention to and promote public–private collaboration in global health preparedness by discussing areas on which public and private organizations can focus their efforts to improve partnerships. It does this by expanding on themes discussed at a conference on public–private partnerships in pandemic preparedness, Ready Together. We hope that this article will encourage effective partnerships.

Kajian Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Csr Untuk Kegiatan Produktif Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

This research aims to families the optimization of CSR for productive activities in the effort to increase the Community's welfare in the province of Central Kalimantan. This study is done because Pemerinah aware will not be able to finance all development activities with the economic growth that is not maximized. That is the increase of government and private cooperation that is more systematic and sustainable need to be flown and optimized for misalignment through the scheme of fund-raising of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR). 
 This study uses a qualitative method approach that is supported by quantitative data. The qualitative approach is assumed to be relevant to capture the entire stakeholder's view of CSR. The study will take East Kotawarakan regency as the object of study. East Kotawarwants Regency already has a Perda that regulates CSR and institutional of CSR Forum. The selection of the object of this study is also based on some practical considerations related to the potential availability and access to data and many of the companies in the East Kotawarwants regency in the Central Kalimantan provincial government environment. 
 The results of this study showed the CSR policy by the East Kotawarwants District government in the implementation of weak. This is due to the lack of understanding between stakeholders in understanding good and sustainable CSR governance. The mandate from local regulation No. 21, 2014 Regency of Kotawarwant Timut about CSR is the establishment of CSR Forum. However, in its journey, the CSR forums have not been able to move flexibly due to limited employment and budget programs. So that the CSR Forum until now can not optimally bridge the government with the company related to the governance of the CSR program.

공공성과 수익성은 공존할 수 없는 것인가? - 공공스포츠센터의 경영수지개선 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the data of public sports center management institutions and experts in order to increase the profitability of the public sports center to improve the welfare of the sports isolated class. Therefore, it is necessary to search for ways to improve and utilize programs that enable anyone to participate in by establishing policy goals to strengthen the publicity. At the same time, it should establish marketing strategies and maximize profits to minimize the burden of participants. Expert Delphi analysis was conducted to derive the profitability plan of the public sports center for the welfare improvement of the sports disadvantaged class. As a result, the major classification was categorized into 3 factors, expanding national financial support, self-generating profit, and private cooperation. As a result of AHP analysis, the relative weights of the major item evaluation indexes were derived in the order of self-revenue, private cooperation and national financial support. In the situation where the integration of sports organizations for the advancement of sports has been achieved, public sports centers should play the role of front base.

Small and Medium Enterprises, Central Business District (CBD) for Accelerating of Regional Development

Madura is small island, East Java Province, Indonesia, with the Surabaya - Madura (Suramadu) Bridge 5.7 km length. It is the largest bridges In Indonesia, connected 2 (two) island, Java and Madura. In Suramadu area will be build landed house and apartments, residential, central of business, central of tourism. In Suramadu area, especially in Surabaya side will be built by some interesting landed house and apartments, residential, central of business, central of tourism, combining with recreation area. The Government seeks to attract the private sector to cooperate in the development and investment in landed house and apartments, residential, central of business, central of tourism, through the approach of government and private cooperation. Law number 22/1999 and Law number 34/2004 on regional autonomy have improved the performance of local governments, in particular through the policy of increasing local revenues through cooperation with private parties. Investment must be injected in Suramadu area by investors is IDR 18,410,577,670,000.00, it would be very interesting.

Note from the Editors-in-Chief

We are delighted to present the Special Issue of this year’s JIEL. It offers a selection of papers presented at an academic conference on the sidelines of the WTO’s 11th Ministerial Conference which was held in Buenos Aires in December 2017. One of our goals was to give voice to a broader variety of scholars in the field of international economic law, at a critical juncture for the multilateral trading system. Although the conference addressed other topics too, the Special Issue is clustered around two themes: first, a substantive theme focused on e-commerce and the digital economy and how trade rules could or should adapt to them; secondly, a process-based theme addressing how trade rules could or should be adapted in the face of today’s challenges (ranging from plurilateralism and public–private cooperation to variable geometry and exit from trade agreements). We thank all contributors as well as the peer reviewers who turned the papers around in record time. A special thanks goes to Facundo Perez Aznar who has been a driving force in both organizing the conference and shaping this Special Issue.

The U.S.–Brazil relationship opportunity: Business synergies for a dynamic global environment

The U.S.–Brazil relationship features an intersection of public and private sectors characteristic of the post‐2000 dynamics of international business and governmental relations. As a triple helix reference for the private sector, the public sector, and academia, this article explores how further alignment of public and private interests of the United States and Brazil can improve the bilateral relationship between the two largest countries in the Western hemisphere. The first section recaps the U.S.–Brazil public relationship and cultural perspectives shared between Brazil and the United States. The second section reviews the relevance of the U.S.–Brazil relationship in Brazil's economy and business marketplace. Sections 3 through 5 discuss specific trade, investment, and tax agreements that can be mutually beneficial for the United States and Brazil. The final section recommends further areas for public–private cooperation between the United States and Brazil.

The Governance of Indigenous Natural Products in Namibia: A Policy Network Analysis

At the end of the 20th century, optimism existed that non-timber forest products (NTFPs) can form an integral part in conservation and development strategies. However, there is limited knowledge on how the different stakeholders could relate to the state or to each other in promoting commercialization of NTFPs. Applying the policy network as an analytical framework, we investigated the structural patterns of actor relations in the governance structure of indigenous natural products (INPs) in Namibia, to understand the implications of such relations on INP policy process. The findings indicate that the INP policy network in Namibia is multi-dimensional, consisting of the Indigenous Plant Task Team (IPTT)—the key governance structure for resource mobilization and information sharing; and functional relations which serve specific roles in the INP value chain. The existing relations have facilitated policy development particularly for heavily regulated species, such as devil’s claw; but for other species, only incremental changes are observed in terms of small-scale processing facilities for value addition and exclusive purchase agreements for sustainable sourcing of INPs. Participation of primary producers, private actors and quality standardization bodies is limited in INPs governance structures, which narrow the scope of information sharing. Consequently, despite that the IPTT has fostered publicly funded explorative pilot projects, ranging from production to marketing of INPs, there are no clear guidelines how these projects results can be transferred to private entities for possible commercialization. Further collaboration and information sharing is needed to guide public sector relations with the private entities and cooperatives.

PENGARUH PENATAAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH UNTUK MENCAPAI LIVABLE SETTLEMENT DI KELURAHAN TAMBAKREJO KOTA SEMARANG

Limited ability of society both economically and managing space cause slum condition in Tambakrejo Urban Village. In the year 2015-2017 then done slum arrangement, but not yet reached livable settlement as environment condition which still not support based on condition and perception of society. Many found garbage that pollute the community environment. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of settlement arrangement to reach livable settlement in Tambakrejo Urban Village Semarang. The research method used in the form of quantitative approach, with descriptive analysis tool, likert scale and simple linear regression. Based on the research, founds that slum regulation in Tambakrejo Village has not reached livable, from 3 components that must be realized it only affect 2 aspects that is physical and social, while the economic aspect is still not influenced by the arrangement. Furthermore, people's assessment of 17 criteria of human settlement as convenience parameters, obtained 6 criteria influenced, among others, ease of access, satisfaction of infrastructure, infrastructure support activities, small home improvement costs, the role of socializing institutions, and guaranteed cooperation of government, private, and community.

Research using advanced engineering methods concerning automotive waste disposal in road traffic and transport specialized unit from Cluj-Napoca

Waste management problem in daily life and especially in automotive sector is one of the main concerns in relation with pollution issue. The most important aspect consists in how are disposed different materials from car services and transportation units which are realizing specific maintenance and repairing operations. In the majority of these situations there are materials and components that have to be disposed of, but current habit is to throw them away with the rest of the common garbage. The organic materials are not difficult to process because the nature itself deals with them very easily by decomposition, but other complex and heavily processed components from automotive industry are hard to deal with. Main objective of the paper is to outline an advanced method in engineering aided waste disposal of automotive waste products from transport unit in Cluj-Napoca. Specific objectives consists in idea presentation of proposed method in automotive waste field and an experimental validation developed in the private cooperation with vehicle operating and transport provider from Cluj-Napoca.

Down to earth: Popularisation of geo-information services in the Netherlands

The popularisation of geo-information services contributes to achieving Europe's 2020 goals to become a “smart, sustainable and inclusive growth economy” [1]. From a utilitarian perspective, this implies making the benefits of geo-information available to the largest number of users possible. To this end earth observation data has been made publicly available by various European earth observation initiatives for the use by industrial actors. However, the potential end-users frequently cannot readily utilize raw earth observation data in their business processes. Hence, to further stimulate the popularisation of geo-information services, a healthy value adding industry – that transforms raw earth observation data to geo-information services – is necessary. This involves the important, yet challenging, alignment between industry activities and government incentives. This paper discusses how a private cooperation of value adding companies in the Netherlands was established to contribute to the popularisation of geo-information services. Our case study shows how structural challenges can be overcome by forming a cooperation among value adding companies to gain the necessary capabilities to link downstream needs (market pull) with upstream availability (technology push). The results elaborate on policy actions for market stimulation, as well as developments within the value adding industry to strengthen and mature their market scope. As such, this study provides insight in how to strengthen the European value adding industry and promote the popularisation of geo-information services.