Private Communication Research Articles

Fair termination of binary sessions

A binary session is a private communication channel that connects two processes, each adhering to a protocol description called session type . In this work, we study the first type system that ensures the fair termination of binary sessions. A session fairly terminates if all of the infinite executions admitted by its protocol are deemed unrealistic because they violate certain fairness assumptions . Fair termination entails the eventual completion of all pending input/output actions, including those that depend on the completion of an unbounded number of other actions in possibly different sessions. This form of lock freedom allows us to address a large family of natural communication patterns that fall outside the scope of existing type systems. Our type system is also the first to adopt fair subtyping , a liveness-preserving refinement of the standard subtyping relation for session types that so far has only been studied theoretically. Fair subtyping is surprisingly subtle not only to characterize concisely but also to use appropriately, to the point that the type system must carefully account for all usages of fair subtyping to avoid compromising its liveness-preserving properties.

Competition between Entrainment Phenomenon and Chaos in a Quantum-Cascade Laser under Strong Optical Reinjection

The topic of external optical feedback in quantum-cascade lasers is relevant for stability and beam-properties considerations. Albeit less sensitive to external optical feedback than other lasers, quantum-cascade lasers can exhibit several behaviors under such feedback, and those are relevant for a large panel of applications, from communication to ranging and sensing. This work focused on a packaged Fabry–Perot quantum-cascade laser under strong external optical feedback and shows the influence of the beam-splitter characteristics on the optical power properties of this commercially available laser. The packaged quantum-cascade laser showed extended conditions of operation when subject to strong optical feedback, and the maximum power that can be extracted from the external cavity was also increased. When adding a periodic electrical perturbation, various non-linear dynamics were observed, and this complements previous efforts about the entrainment phenomenon in monomode quantum-cascade lasers, with the view of optimizing private communication based on mid-infrared quantum-cascade lasers. Overall, this work is a step forward in understanding the behavior of the complex quantum-cascade-laser structure when it is subjected to external optical feedback.

Confidentiality in the activities of law enforcement agencies and the court during covert investigative activities

The relevance of this study is that conversion of investigative activities involving interference with private communication cannot be imagined without confidentiality conditions. The purpose of this study is to prove that when investigating criminal cases in electronic format, all such powers of authorised officials of law enforcement and special state bodies only complicate the process of maintaining confidentiality at a minimum, and at most do not contribute to effective interaction in the investigation of criminal offences. The authors concluded that granting permission to conduct covert investigative actions related to interference of private communication is justified. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of developing a shorter time frame of ensuring the conduct of investigative actions in the context of the implementation of criminal actions, when investigating crimes.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЕЛОВОМУ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОМУ ОБЩЕНИЮ СТУДЕНТОВ ВУЗОВ

The article considers the problems of teaching business cross-cultural communication, outlines the main distinctive features of private and business communication, and specifies the situations of business cross-cultural communication that require close attention in teaching this type of communication. Models and techniques of effective teaching cross-cultural communication are discussed and some tasks are described.

Guest Editorial Advanced Signal Processing for Local and Private 5G Networks

The papers in this special section focus on advanced signal procesing for local and private 5G mobile communication netwworks. The papers describe the latest advances in emerging private 5G networks from the perspective of signal processing to advance its theoretical underpinnings and practical applications. Some enterprises, factories and other potential users have ultra-stringent communications performance requirements in terms of throughput, latency, reliability, availability, and device density, which cannot be met by 4G long term evolution (LTE) radio features. Instead, 5G new radio (NR) has the potential to deliver on such requirements, and shape both the industrial world as well as our daily lives, by providing spectrum exibility, multi-Gbps peak data rates, ultra-low latencies, high reliability, and massive connectivity. By building dedicated networks with complete control over every aspect of the network.

В. Н. Татищев и вопросы улучшения экономического положения калмыцкого народа

Introduction. This article is devoted to the activities of Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, when Astrakhan governor (1741–1745) responsible for the affairs of the Kalmyk steppes. It is aimed to examine his projects designed to amend the impoverishment of the broad masses of Kalmyks often left without their livestock, even without horses. The question was raised by Tatishchev himself; the governor was worried about its political implications because Kalmyks without horses were of no use for the Russian Empire. Materials and methods. The article is based on archival materials, as well as the historiography that sheds light on Tatishchev as the statesman and politician. Results. The governor repeatedly discussed the issues of the worsened social-economic situation of the people with the Kalmyk namestnik (leader) Donduk Dashi, both on official occasions and in private communication. He had various explanations for their economical degradation, pointing out the difference in the nomads’ situation of the 1840s as compared with that in Khan Ayuka’s time. His involvement in the issues concerning fishing and seasonal work of the impoverished Kalmyks shows that the governor seemed to be interested in helping them, but his projects to improve the Kalmyks’ socio-economic situation were largely unsuccessful. The reasons for the failure may be found both in the resistance of the Kalmyk rulers and zaisangs and the general weaknesses of the administration when dealing with the steppe affairs.

Unmanned Agricultural Tractors in Private Mobile Networks

The need for high-quality communications networks is urgent in data-based farming. A particular challenge is how to achieve reliable, cost-efficient, secure, and broadband last-mile data transfer to enable agricultural machine control. The trialed ad hoc private communications networks built and interconnected with different alternative wireless technologies, including 4G, 5G, satellite and tactical networks, provide interesting practical solutions for connectivity. A remotely controlled tractor is exemplified as a use case of machine control in the demonstrated private communication network. This paper describes the results of a comparative technology analysis and a field trial in a realistic environment. The study includes the practical implementation of video monitoring and the optimization of the control channel for remote-controlled unmanned agricultural tractors. The findings from this study verify and consolidate the requirements for network technologies and for cybersecurity enablers. They highlight insights into the suitability of different wireless technologies for smart farming and tractor scenarios and identify potential paths for future research.

Private communication and management forecasts: Evidence from corporate site visits

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis paper investigates whether the communication between managers and corporate site visitors facilitates managerial learning in improving management forecast accuracy.Research Findings/InsightsUsing corporate site visit (CSV) data from 2009 to 2016, we find that the frequency of corporate site visits is positively related to management forecast accuracy. The positive relationship between corporate site visits and forecast accuracy is stronger when visitors have greater expertise and advanced industry knowledge and when firms are visited during a period of high business uncertainty and are subject to high sensitivity to industry shocks. These findings are consistent with the managerial learning hypothesis. Our results are robust to endogeneity concerns and alternative CSV measures.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsPrevious literature on voluntary disclosure assumes that managers are endowed with a private set of information and decide how much of that to reveal. In this paper, we find that corporate site visits serve as a communication channel through which managers learn from investors. Overall, we provide evidence that private communication is a two‐way channel through which visitors learn useful information from managers and vice versa.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe provide evidence that the private information acquisition process is also a channel of information sharing that increases management forecast accuracy. Our results could be useful to policymakers who may care about the information acquisition cost of investors when evaluating the benefit of corporate site visits.

History of Judiciary of the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century in the territory of Southern Ukraine in epistolary sources

The change in the modern scientific paradigm of historical research encourages a more active study of the personal, subjective, "human" in various spheres of society. The purpose of the article: is to analyze the information potential of epistolary sources on the history of justice on the territory of Southern Ukraine in the last quarter of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century. Research methods: biographical, comparative studies, method of internal criticism of the sources. Main results. All letters can be divided into two groups. The first being letters of various kinds, are directly in the court cases themselves. The second, being private letters of persons, mention cases of contact with the judicial system and give its characteristics. The letters preserved in court archives are divided into private and business ones. The first ones were provided as evidence in cases; the second ones were used as a power of attorney. In the first group, the most interesting is the correspondence between the leader of the nobility of Yekaterinoslav governorate, Konstantin Lalosh, and his wife, Martha, in the 1780s. Letters of assistance to high-ranking officials are informative in terms of understanding the court process, attitude to the law, and combating office abuse by members of the court. They, as well as letters of instruction (“letters of credence”) of this period sometimes contain elements of private communication. That is, business and private correspondence often had common features and similarities. In addition to the procedure for obtaining legal services, the preserved epistolary describes the procedure for examining a criminal corpse. During this period, each landowner had experience in communicating with the judiciary, often in civil proceedings. Land tenure, inheritance, conflicts were resolved through the courts, debts were withheld. There is frequent evidence of such facts in ego-documents. The result of the lawsuit is correspondence between the famous writer Vasyl Kapnist and his counterpart Tekla Tarnovska (1797–1798). The consideration of mutual claims for property rights lasted for more than 20 years, for some time it took place in the chamber of the civil court of Yekaterinoslav governorate. The case was complicated by various circumstances and finally resolved by mutual agreement outside the courtroom. There are 17 letters from both sides, which were sent in search of understanding. Equally important is brief information about the activities of the courts which occur in the correspondence of this period (for example, the published complex of letters of the Yekaterinoslav landowners the Nechaievs). Conclusions. All epistolary sources demonstrate the importance of courts in the life of the society in the Southern Ukraine in the last quarter of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century. They tried to maintain good relations with court officials, avoided appearing before judges, but had little hope for judicial justice. Therefore, the need for control over attorneys and litigation was often pointed out; at the same time with trials, high officials and the emperor were usually addressed. Reconciliation processes were also popular. The analyzed epistolary books, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, have significant information potential for research of social, gender, economic history of the region in this period. Type of article: research.

Private communication between lawyers as evidence in a judicial process: A comparative journey

In professional negotiations between lawyers, it is usual to share information, data and documents that could be protected with legal privilege. This paper analyses, from a comparative perspective, the possible evidentiary use of the documents that a lawyer obtains from the opposing lawyer in a subsequent judicial process. A conflict is presented here between two fundamental procedural guarantees: The right to evidence of the party that possesses the documents and the right to defence and legal privilege of the party that delivered them in the prior negotiation to the lawsuit. The solution provided by different legal systems is therefore not always straightforward, because some legal systems do protect legal privilege and others protect the right to evidence, with different solutions for the rights put in balance here.

Spiritual and moral education of believers by metropolitan Ioann (Snychev) in the Kuibyshev Diocese in 1965–1990

The paper examines spiritual and moral education of believers in the Kuibyshev Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church in 19651990 as one of the key areas of the episcopal activity of metropolitan Ioann (Snychev). The author studied such sources as reports of the authorized agent Council for Religious Affairs in the Kuibyshev Region, diary entries of metropolitan Ioann (Snychev) and people close to him, as well as the memories of believers. Metropolitan Ioann (Snychev) was not initially a talented preacher, but thanks to his studies and constant practice he was able to achieve success. The main tools of spiritual and moral education were sermons during worship services and personal communication with believers. In the conditions of preaching activity control by the office of the authorized agent for Religious Affairs, the bishop was forced to focus on moral issues. But despite the restrictions, metropolitan Ioann (Snychev) managed to conduct an active preaching activity. In private communication with believers, metropolitan Ioann (Snychev) unobtrusively taught Christian virtues. Metropolitan Ioanns (Snychev) high moral qualities helped him to gain love and respect of the believers. The result of the spiritual and moral education of believers by the bishop was the growth of his authority and the constant influx of parishioners to the Church.

Confidential communication of a lawyer with his client as a guarantee of advocacy

This article is devoted to the disclosure of theoretical and applied issues related to the implementation of one of the main guarantees of a lawyer's professional activity, namely ensuring the confidentiality of his communication with his client.
 The study revealed various approaches of scholars, as well as the position of the legislator on the practical provision of the right of a suspect (accused) to confidential communication with his lawyer, especially in cases of detention of such a person. The international standards and practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the aspect of implementation of the prohibition of interference in private communication of a lawyer with his client are also analyzed. The position is argued that the existence of undoubted trust in the professional activity of a lawyer, as the quintessence of advocacy, is possible only if the principle of confidentiality is ensured, including the prohibition of interference in private communication between the lawyer and the client.
 To achieve this goal, the authors used methods typical of legal science. The study was conducted using a dialectical method of cognition of legal reality, which provided an opportunity to analyze the essence of the guarantee of interference in private communication between lawyer and client, while the use of system-structural method provided an opportunity to determine the overall structure of the study.
 Based on the study, the author concludes that Ukrainian law pays considerable attention to ensuring the confidentiality of communication between a lawyer and his client, which generally complies with international principles in this area and aims to create appropriate conditions for confidentiality and legal secrecy as necessary conditions. advocacy.

Practical Long‐Distance Measurement‐Device‐Independent Quantum Key Distribution By Four‐Intensity Protocol

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) can provide unconditionally secure private communication between two remote parties. The measurement‐device‐independent (MDI) QKD can remove all security loopholes in measurement devices. However, the large value of the observed error rate in X basis has severely limited its key rate. The four‐intensity protocol with fully optimized post data processing can improve the key rate and distance of MDI‐QKD effectively. In this paper, the four‐intensity MDI‐QKD protocol is reviewed. In the four‐intensity protocol, each of Alice and Bob uses one intensity in Z basis and three intensities in X basis (normally including one vacuum). This improves the number of effective bits in Z basis. The joint mathematical treatment for statistical fluctuation and the parameter scan pointing directly to the final key rate are applied to reduce the effect of statistical fluctuation. The double scanning method further improves the key rate and the secure distance of the four‐intensity protocol. These have greatly improved the performance of the protocol with finite‐key effects. So far, many MDI‐QKD experiments are based on the four‐intensity protocol. The successful results of these experiments have clearly shown the superiority of the four‐intensity protocol in practical long‐distance MDI‐QKD.

Private Monitoring and Communication in the Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma

This paper provides a model of the repeated prisoner’s dilemma in which cheap-talk communication is necessary in order to achieve cooperative outcomes in a long-term relationship. The model is one of complete information. I consider a continuous time repeated prisoner’s dilemma game where informative signals about another player’s past actions arrive following a Poisson process; actions have to be held fixed for a certain time. I assume that signals are privately observed by players. I consider an environment where signals are noisy, and the correlation of signals is higher if both players cooperate. We show that, provided that players can change their actions arbitrary frequently, there exists an equilibrium with communication that strictly Pareto-dominates all equilibria without communication.

Poverty, Food Security and Malnutrition in an Urban and Rural Setting: Case of the former West Kordofan State

Food security is a situation that exists when all people at all times have physical access to sufficiency safe and nutritious food for a healthy and active life ( FAO, 1996 ).
 Food availability and access to it are two essential determinants of food security, however , the former does not ensure the later as food may be available nationally or locally but is not accessible to all households ( Braune, 1993 ) .
 Sudan, the largest country in Africa (2.5 million km2) has diversified ecological zones and is known for its rich agricultural potentials, its under-fished waters (rivers and Red Sea Coast) and livestock raised on natural pastures. Because of this immense potential as a food producer to satisfy local demand and export the excess it was declared by the government in the 1970s as the "World Food Basket".(Salih private communication)
 Food intake is a major component for achieving optimum nutritional status hence inadequate intake can lead to under nutrition. In developing countries under nutrition is mostly due to inadequate intake of energy and protein ( Latham,1997).
 Nearly most studies on nutritional status were aimd at the under five children as representative of the household. This study will involve the nutritional status of the whole household to reach abetter understanding of the relationship between food and nutrition security
 The investigation was carried out in Al Nuhud town representing an urban area and six surrounding villages representing the rural area.

Information acquisition technology for small hydropower stations in remote areas based on high- and low-orbit satellites

With a lack of coverage in private and public power communication networks, especially for collection of information from hydropower stations in remote areas, communication coverage is a significant issue. Satellite communication provides a large coverage area suitable for a variety of services and is less affected by geographical factors; moreover, the costs are independent of the communication distance. This study investigates information acquisition technology for small hydropower stations in remote areas using high- and low-orbit satellites. The information collection needs of small hydropower stations in remote areas are analyzed, and an information acquisition system is designed using high- and low-orbit satellites. For network security protection, network anomaly detection technology based on a support vector machine algorithm is proposed. The effectiveness of information collection was evaluated and verified for small hydropower plants in remote areas. The system provides technical support for “full coverage, full collection, and full monitoring” of the measurement automation information acquisition system.

A Note by K. L. Johnson on the History of the JKR Theory

The history of the following note is as follows. In 2003, I invited Kenneth Johnson to Berlin to give a talk on adhesion in a seminar at the Institute of Mechanics. His lecture on the topic "Mechanics of adhesion of spherical surfaces" took place on Monday, January 26, 2004. In the run-up to the seminar, Professor Johnson sent me a historical note dated November 18, 2003. In my opinion, this note, which was written in the form of a paper, may be of interest for experts in contact mechanics and tribology. Prof. Johnson did not publish it, so it remained a private communication. For a publication he might have made a revision and would possibly have credited other important contributions. But this we can only guess at, and therefore the note is published below in the form I received it from Kenneth L. Johnson, with only a few misprints corrected. It is interesting as a historical document from Ken Johnson, who played a key role in development of theory of adhesive contacts.

Editor’s Introduction

Editor’s Introduction Arien Mack the idea to put together an issue on loneliness, which is coming out during the far-too-persistent COVID-19 pandemic that has forced many of us to isolate and socially distance and has made loneliness a fact of life in a way it had not been earlier, did not grow out of these experiences. Rather, it was initially intended as a reconsideration of the ideas about loneliness in American culture that were presented in a set of significant books: David Riesman’s now-classic, 70-year-old The Lonely Crowd; Christopher Lasch’s 40-year-old The Culture of Narcissism; Robert Putnam’s Bowling Alone, which appeared 20 years ago; and Sherry Turkle’s more recent Alone Together. In her book, first published in 2011, Turkle calls attention to the disconnection that has followed the redefining of “social network” in a digital environment, and to the slow breakdown of civil society and its reconstitution in a more atomized, siloed form within which individuals, increasingly “linked in” to a seemingly global population, are tangibly isolated and feeling ever more lonely. Much earlier, and with typical prescience, Hannah Arendt warned of the dangers of this in The Origins of Totalitarianism, wherein she wrote that the “terror of the tyrannical regime can rule absolutely only over men who are isolated against each other” (1966, 474). While the state of solitude can be highly valued and self-selected—think of Thoreau’s Walden or Virginia Woolf’s Room of Her Own— its superficially related state of being alone and in a state of loneliness is hardly that. Loneliness can be a weapon that is brutally employed, as on the prisoner held in solitary confinement or the dissident in exile. Isolation and loneliness are structurally imposed upon members of a society rendered unwelcome or invisible due to their age, race, class, or physical ability. Religion recognizes the “still, small voice” that characterizes an individual’s private communication with God, [End Page vii] but it also imposes excommunication on those who transgress against accepted rules and mores. Art and literature explore and often extol the experience of solitude, and illuminate how we may find company within ourselves when it is not to be found elsewhere, but they also vivify the inhumane horrors of imposed isolation, of utter loneliness. This special issue touches on many, if not all, of these aspects of loneliness and, to a lesser extent, solitude. The fact that it is being published during a time in which we are, by necessity, urged to be alone unfortunately makes this issue even timelier. REFERENCE Arendt, Hannah. 1966. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Harvest Books. Google Scholar Copyright © 2021 The New School

Patient and healthcare professional eHealth literacy and needs for systemic sclerosis support: a mixed methods study

ObjectivesWe engaged patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthcare professionals to assess electronic health (eHealth) literacy and needs relating to web-based support using internet-based information and communication technologies (ICT).MethodsWe employed...

Disinformation and Responsibility in Young People in Spain during the COVID-19 Era

This paper analyzes the main variables that determine the relationship between disinformation and youth responsibility during the latest stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (from April to June 2021). Are young people keeping well informed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain? Are the youth behaving responsibly? This document presents several results regarding these questions. In our introduction, we establish a theoretical framework for the following concepts: disinformation, responsibility, credibility, and youth responsibility variables. Our primary interest is in communication factors. The applied methods are a reference review of the national and international literature surrounding this subject and qualitative opinion research conducted through discussion groups with young university students from private and public communication schools in Madrid. A recent study, held in June 2021, provides valuable material for this paper. The main results and findings are as follows: not being satisfied with the information received about COVID-19; knowledge about the most credible news sources; the connection between information and responsibility; and the solutions that are claimed to more responsible in this context by various youth participants. In conclusion, this paper confirms the first hypothesis of considering disinformation as a variable that causes a lack of personal responsibility among youths in complying with public health expectations. Regarding the second hypothesis, we verify that young people consider communication one of the main solutions for being more responsible. In other words, when presented with more information about COVID-19 they feel more aware of the disease.