Private Apartments Research Articles

Determination of Desalinated Sea Water Usage Possibilities in Muscari armeniacum (Grape Hyacinth) Cultivation

In the current period of time, many environmental problems have occurred in the world with the population increase, industrialization and construction, along with migration from rural areas to urban areas. Among the environmental problems that occur due to all these developments; the decrease in potable and usable freshwater resources, global warming, climate change and drought are the leading environmental problems. This study was carried out in the open field of a private apartment building in Izmir, Turkey to determine the possibility of using desalinated seawater in the cultivation of Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker. Depending on the purpose of the study, Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker was grown using desalinated seawater and tap water (control). To determine the effect of desalinated seawater on plant growth, leaf length, leaf width, root length, underground part weight, number of bulblets and upper part weight were measured. It was observed that Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker plants showed normal growth when desalinated seawater was used throughout the experiment. According to the statistical analysis, the difference between desalinated sea water and tap water was significant only in leaf length and leaf width parameters. While the average leaf length was 54.47 cm and leaf width were 5.71 mm in tap water (control), the average leaf length was 53.47 cm and leaf width were 5.19 mm in desalinated sea water treatment. The effect of irrigation water sources on other parameters was statistically insignificant. As a result of the study, desalinated seawater can be used for the cultivation of Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker. It is recommended that studies evaluating the possibilities of using desalinated sea water in the cultivation of different ornamental plant species will contribute to the literature.

Ethical and legal aspects of the abortion dispute in Italy in 2020-2023

The main goal of the article is to analyze the key elements of the current dispute over worldviews and politics in Italy concerning the ethical and legal aspects of various forms of abortion. The country on the Tiber River was one of the states around the world that widely liberalized abortion laws during the COVID-19 pandemic. In August 2020, the Italian Ministry of Health decided that pharmacological abortion – performed with the medical preparation RU-486 – should not be practiced at hospital gynaecology-obstetrics wards, but at day hospital facilities, with no requirement of hospitalization for women performing this type of abortion. Limited access to medical services in public and private healthcare facilities led to the practice of pharmacological abortion shifting largely from hospitals and clinics to pharmacies, private apartments, and homes. In 2021, pharmacological abortion in Italy accounted for 48.3% of all abortions performed under the current abortion law. In the face of the trivialization of the termination of pregnancy, Italian pro-life circles have taken a variety of measures to protect preborn life. One such initiative was the “Beating Heart” campaign, which looked at the possibility of showing the unborn child and its beating heart to the woman seeking an abortion. The analyses carried out in the article show that in the age of the Internet and the global village, it is not so much the legal norms that are increasingly important, but human free will and the awakening of people’s moral sensitivity by developing appropriate bioethical awareness at the societal level. In this context, the various initiatives currently implemented in Italy by pro-life circles to achieve these goals are of great significance. In addition, the abortion debate in Italy supplies a number of arguments for the need to extend the conscience clause to pharmacy personnel.

Magnetic properties and load of potentially toxic heavy metals carried by the coarse and fine fractions of indoor dust

The granulometric fractions of indoor dust, categorized as coarse (grain size of 1.00–0.071 mm) and fine (grain size <0.071 mm), were investigated to discern variations in their magnetic properties and contents of potentially toxic heavy metals. Monthly dust samples were gathered from January 2021 to December 2022 from a private apartment situated on the outskirts of a large urban agglomeration (Warsaw, Poland). To assess indoor dust, several magnetic parameters, including mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, were employed. Portable X-ray fluorescence measurements were utilized to evaluate the enrichment of granulometric fractions in harmful heavy metals. The study reveals a comparable composition of magnetic minerals irrespective of grain size (magnetite and metallic iron), with variations observed in the domain state of magnetic particles (contribution of single-domain (SD) grains to multi-domain (MD)). Seasonal fluctuations were predominantly noted in the distribution of the fine fraction's mass during the warm season (May–July). A notable increase was observed in the fine fraction's mass contribution to the total dust mass compared to the winter season (December and February). The fine fraction was highly enriched in toxic metals, including Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Sr. Pollution Load index is 6–8 for the fine fraction and 2–8 for the coarse fraction. The increase in the fine fraction mass induces linear changes in magnetic susceptibility, likely associated with the rise in anthropogenic magnetic particles. This finding holds significant implications for human health, as fine particles laden with toxic heavy metals can enter the human respiratory tract causing adverse health effects.

Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Rzeszów in 2023.

Legionnaires' disease is a type of severe pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. The case fatality rate in this disease is 5-10%. People with various comorbidities, smokers and the elderly are at greater risk of developing the disease. The aim of the work is to present the results of an epidemiological investigation into the outbreak of Legionnaires' disease that occurred in the city of Rzeszów and the surrounding area in August and September 2023 and to present the threat related to the presence of Legionella bacteria in water supply installations and networks. The material for this publication was data from an epidemiological investigation conducted in the outbreak of Legionnaires disease in Rzeszów in 2023. Epidemiological investigation revealed 165 cases of Legionnaires' disease in the outbreak, including 152 confirmed cases and 13 probable cases. The case fatality rate in a legionellosis outbreak was 15%. Environmental tests were carried out in residential and public buildings and industrial installations during the investigation. As part of environmental tests, 187 water samples were collected, including 87 warm water samples. The outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in the city of Rzeszów draws attention to the potential threat from the Legionella bacteria to the health and life of especially elderly people suffering from chronic diseases. The environmental tests carried out confirmed the highest number of Legionella bacteria at medium and high levels in water samples taken in the private apartments of sick people. Despite the lack of strict legal regulations clearly specifying the obligations regarding periodic disinfection of internal hot water supply installations, cooperation with their owners should be undertaken to enforce plans and actions in this area.

The Residents’ Experience of Social and Spatial Disconnection and Connection in Residential Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This qualitative intuitive inquiry into residential care in Sweden discusses effects of social and spatial connections and disconnections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Interviews were carried out with 11 residents living in three residential care homes. Observations and spatial analyses complemented the interviews. The study investigated residents’ experience of the altered use of architectural space during the different phases of the coronavirus pandemic. Restrictions comprised, in general, that public areas were emptied, while residents were confined to their private apartments 24 hours a day. This created an entirely different caring architecture and challenged the usual care model of community. However, many residents said that staying in their apartments around the clock was an experience that was very similar to ordinary days in residential care, since they normally stayed long hours in their apartments. However, the residents’ disconnection from local information about the disease created a situation of great ambiguity and uncertainty about the progress of the pandemic and the state of the disease in the home. The interviewees claimed nevertheless that they had not been particularly worried about the situation. They had continued with normal leisure activities to make the time pass. It seems as though the disconnection from most of the spaces outside their apartments, as well as from staff, family and fellow residents, made it possible for them to disconnect themselves from awareness of the dangers of the disease caused by Covid-19.

ADULT DAY SERVICES: THE OPTIMAL PLATFORM FOR GROUP INTERVENTION RESEARCH

Abstract Group intervention research with older adults is fraught with challenges related to access, recruitment, implementation, and sustainability. In this presentation we explore these challenges and offer adult day services (ADS) as an alternative platform to traditional long-term care sites (e.g., nursing homes – NHs, assisted living facilities – ALFs) for group intervention research. Access: NHs and ALFs are often reluctant to engage in research due to concerns with liability and fears that “outsiders” will expose deficits in their services. ADS programs are typically quite receptive to researchers and are eager to learn about innovative ways to improve their services. Recruitment: NHs and ALFs are comprised of individuals living in their private apartments and rooms and recruitment is often a one-on-one, time-consuming process. ADS programs are naturally collective environments where recruitment efforts can occur in a more efficient group format. Implementation: NHs and ALFs often lack adequate physical space and staff support for group research activities – key elements that contribute to successful implementation. ADS programs are specifically designed and staffed for group activities and interventions. Sustainability: The primary focus of NHs and ALFs is on “bed and body” care and long-term buy-in regarding group interventions and activities from facilities and staff is rare. Group programming is central to ADS and there is a much greater potential for buy-in and long-term sustainability. Conclusion: Researchers interested in group interventions should strongly consider ADS as the optimal platform and may find that the ADS setting offers the greatest potential for success.

Some characteristics of the perpetrators and victims of war rape prosecuted before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina

During the international armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995, numerous crimes were committed, among which crimes of rape are at the top of the scale of brutality. It is estimated that between 20,000 and 50,000 women and girls were raped in the aforementioned conflict, of which the largest number of these atrocities were committed by members of the Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS), the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RS (MUP RS) and related paramilitary formations against Bosniak (muslim) women. It is to be assumed that an extremely large number of perpetrators were involved in the commission of the crimes in question, but unfortunately, a relatively modest number of suspects were prosecuted before the competent courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the neighboring Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia. Within the framework of this work, the research focus is on the prosecution of war rapes before the War Crimes Chamber of the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the beginning of the work of the mentioned court until today (2005-2023). In the indicated period, 70 wartime rape cases involving 109 defendants were processed before this judicial forum. Out of that number, 55 cases were finally concluded, with convictions in 41 cases and acquittals in 14 cases. The subject of the research was some individual characteristics of perpetrators and victims of war rape. The research sample consisted exclusively of cases in which a final conviction was passed (N=41), in which 51 defendants were declared guilty of war rape and 80 victims of this crime were identified. The research established that all the convicts were male. In addition, 72% of those convicted were members of the Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS), 16% of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RBiH Army) and 12% of the Croatian Defense Council (HVO). All members of the RBiH Army were convicted of war rape which is legally qualified as a war crime against the civilian population, which is a criminal offense that, according to the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CC BiH), does not include the existence of a widespread and systematic attack on the civilian population. On the other hand, the largest number of members of the VRS and four members of the HVO who were prosecuted for wartime rape were convicted of having committed that crime as a crime against humanity, which included a campaign of widespread, massive and systematic criminal activity connected with other crimes (murder , torture, imprisonment, deportation of the population, enforced disappearance, etc.). About half of those legally convicted of war rape before the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina were convicted for crimes committed in eastern Bosnia (Foča 24%, Višegrad 16%, Vlasenica 6% and Rogatica 2%). At the same time, approximately 1/3 of wartime rapes (31%) were committed in a camp, 10% in a public place, and the largest number in a private house or apartment (59%). A significant number of those convicted of these crimes had been convicted before (35%) and were married (78%). Ninety-eight percent (98%) of war rape victims were female and 2% were male. The vast majority of victims (87%) were Bosniaks, while 8% were Serbs and 5% were Croats. However, the fact that almost every fifth victim of war rape (21%) was a minor at the time of committing the crime is particularly striking. The research established that most of the rapes of minors during the international armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina were carried out by members of the Serbian (para)military and police forces in Bosnia nad Herzegovina, as well as a few members of the HVO.

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Wolbachia endosymbionts in bed bugs (Hemiptera; Cimicidae) collected in Paris.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Wolbachia in field-caught bed bug species in Paris areas. The bed bug specimens were captured from various infested localities in Paris and surrounding cities. They belonged to diverse life stages, including egg, nymph, and adult. They were then identified using morphological and molecular approaches. Furthermore, Wolbachia was detected, and its genetic diversity was investigated by conventional PCR of 16S-rRNA and Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) genes. A total of 256 bed bug specimens belonging to various life stages [adult (183 specimens), nymph (48), and egg (25)] were captured from seven private apartments, five social apartments, three houses, two immigrant residences, and one retirement home situated in 10 districts of Paris and 8 surrounding cities. They were identified as Cimex lectularius (237 specimens) and C. hemipterus (19) using morphological and molecular approaches. The presence and diversity of Wolbachia were ascertained by targeting 16S-rRNA and wsp genes. Based on molecular analysis, 182 and 148 out of 256 processed specimens were positive by amplifying 16S-rRNA and wsp fragments, respectively. The inferred phylogenetic analysis with 16S-rRNA and wsp sequences displayed monophyletic Wolbachia strains clustering each one in three populations. The median-joining network, including the Wolbachia 16S-rRNA and wsp sequences of C. lectularius and C. hemipterous specimens, indicated a significant genetic differentiation among these populations in Paris areas which was consent with Neighbor-Joining analyses. A phylogenetic analysis of our heterogenic Wolbachia sequences with those reported from other arthropod species confirmed their belonging to supergroup F. Moreover, no difference between Wolbachia sequences from eggs, nymphs, and adults belonging to the same clade and between Wolbachia sequences of C. lectularius and C. hemipterus were observed after sequence alignment. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between multiple geographical locations (or accomodation type) where bed bugs were collected and the genetic diversity of Wolbachia. We highlight a significant heterogeneity within Wolbachia symbionts detected in C. lectularius and C. hemipterus. No correlation between Wolbachia species and bed bug species (C. lectularius versus C. hemipterus), physiological stages (egg, nymph, and adult), and sampling location was recorded in this study.

Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Analysis of Asylum Seekers' Experiences and Worries in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

Objectives: The clinical and social burden of the COVID-19 pandemic were high among asylum seekers (ASs). We aimed to understand better ASs' experiences of the pandemic and their sources of worries. Methods: Participants (n = 203) completed a survey about their worries, sleep disorders, and fear of dying. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with ASs living in a community center (n = 15), focusing on how social and living conditions affected their experiences and worries. Results: ASs in community centers experienced more sleep disorders related to the COVID-19 pandemic than those living in private apartments (aOR 2.01, p = 0.045). Similarly, those with lower education had greater fear for their life due to the COVID-19 pandemic (aOR 2.31, p = 0.015). Qualitative findings showed that sharing living spaces was an important source of worries for ASs and that protective measures were perceived to increase social isolation. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for ASs and the importance of tailoring public health measures to their needs and living conditions.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: assessing the problem status and identifying priority areas for improving the care provision. Data from the 2020-2022 Crimean registry

Aim. To study the regional epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the process and effectiveness of care for OHCA, and identify priority areas for improving the care provision.Material and methods. An analysis of the data from the "Crimean registry of cases of OHCA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation" was performed. The study used data from 2020 to 2022. The analytical sample consisted of all OHCA cases developed before the ambulance arrival, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Results. Of the 356 OHCA cases occurred before the ambulance arrival, followed by CPR (2020 — 141, 2021 — 103, 2022 — 112), in 65,2% of cases (n=232) cardiac arrest developed in men, in 64,0% (n=228) — in city residents, 70,2% (n=250) — in private houses or apartments. The mean age was 59 years (median 62 years). The cause of 89,6% of OHCA cases (n=319) was disease, 3,9% (n=14) — drowning, 2,8% (n=10) — trauma, 2,0% (n=7) — asphyxia, 1,1% (n=4) — toxicity, 0,6% (n=2) — electrical injury. In addition, 7,3% (n=26) of patients survived. Bystanders attempted CPR before ambulance arrived in 27,2% (n=97) of cases. In cases where CPR was performed by bystanders, ambulance specialists were 2,5 times more likely to register a potentially shockable rhythm on the primary electrocardiogram (19,6% and 7,7%, respectively; p=0,001), 2,2 times more often performed defibrillation (22,7% and 10,4%, respectively; p=0,003). When defibrillation was performed, the proportion of survivors was 3,9 times higher than without defibrillation (20,4% and 5,2%, respectively; p=0,001).Conclusion. Conducting CPR by OHCA bystanders increases the success rate of CPR performed by ambulance team. However, bystanders rarely provide first aid, which causes a high mortality rate. To reduce mortality in OHCA, the attention should be focused on the development, implementation and regulatory support of measures aimed at involving the population in providing first aid. This should include regular population training in CPR, widespread popularization of first aid, remote provision of CPR instructions by emergency dispatchers to untrained OHCA bystanders and ensuring the availability of automated external defibrillators.

Reminiscence about the Soviet City: Urban Space in the Ukrainian Fiction of the 21st century

This paper addresses the group of works of contemporary Ukrainian literature in which the narrators’ reminiscences about urban areas directly relate to the formation of a national identity. In the Ukrainian fiction of the last two decades, the urban identity of the Soviet period is mainly shown as a specific ideologically caused type of identity, intended to replace or blur the national and the local identities. Marc Augé’s anthropological theory, which is based on the opposition of “places” and “non-places”, underlies the theoretical framework for this study. In the analyzed literary works, non-places as transitional areas, devoid of historicity and identity, are viewed as predominating over places and represented by either communal or private locations. Protagonists’ memories of communal non-places, – such as schools, hospitals, grocery stores, places of commemoration, monuments and administrative buildings, – often emphasize these characters’ feelings of alienation and misery in urban space. Communal non-places are also depicted in fiction as a means for authorities to exert ideological influence on citizens in order to restore the totalitarian regime (as is shown in the novel (Rivne / Rovno (The Wall) by Oleksandr Irvanets). Fiction depicting memories of private places also acquire non-place characteristics, such as the private apartment of the Lvivan Cilycks’ family in Victoria Amelina’s novel Dom’s Dream Kingdom. The transformation of the private area into a non-place demonstrates the danger of ignoring one’s own history, which leads to a loss of urban and national identity and the repetition of historical mistakes made by previous generations.

Analysis of Typical Layout of Apartment Buildings in Indonesia

It is important to determine typical layouts of residential buildings, even in developing countries for standardization towards a zero-carbon society. In Indonesia, housing development in cities continues rising in parallel with high urbanization rates. This study aims to determine the typical layouts of apartments in Indonesia through qualitative and quantitative building typological analyses. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using the building drawing information constructed across Indonesia from 1986 to 2021. A total of 268 public apartments and 268 private apartments from several major cities were included in the datasets, respectively. As a result, six typical layouts for public apartments and thirteen typical layouts for private apartments were determined for both 1BR and 2BR units. Furthermore, four typical unit layouts from public and private apartments associated with building-scale classifications were proposed, respectively, as the base models for the current typical apartments in Indonesia. The results showed that Indonesian public apartments tended to sacrifice semi-open spaces, such as a wide corridor and an internal void space, to increase the size of units and the number of rooms. Meanwhile, most private apartments were constructed with double-loaded corridor systems without internal voids, which potentially cause poor natural ventilation. The proposed typical layouts will be useful for further building simulations as standard testing models, such as to determine the appropriate cooling techniques for low-carbon apartments.

Interfacing the space of flows and the space of places in the platform society. Ten years of Airbnb in Florence

Drawing on Manuel Castells' inspiring concepts of space of flows and space of places (1996), we argue that digital platforms play the key role of an interface, a medium, between the space of places and the space of flows. Indeed, digital platforms can be considered as network orchestrators, managing flows of data and information which are produced by users and distributed globally by means of the platform itself. In order to demonstrate how the interfacing process operates on urban space, we investigate the Airbnb platform by applying Castells' ideas. The contribution develops a spatio-temporal analysis of 12,126 georeferenced listings (accommodations) and 651,515 reviews left by Airbnb users on the platform from 2010 to 2019 in Florence (Italy). Listings and reviews act as an echo chamber for the space of flows and forge specific places that accommodate the requirements of the Airbnb community. Furthermore, the progressive transformation of private apartments into nodes of the global tourism network creates an increasingly fragmented spatial array combining globally connected portions of the city and geographically contiguous but unconnected spaces. Such a process is geographically uneven and reproduces well-known patterns of value concentration where symbols create a virtually-forged urban reality, destined to mimic the place projected in the platform.

Результаты эпидемиологического надзора за COVID-19 среди обучающихся и профессорско-преподавательского состава университета

Organization of training in the context of COVID-19 pandemic demanded the development and implementation of active epidemiological surveillance for acute respiratory infections in students and teaching staff of the Medical University. The study was aimed to identify the features of the COVID-19 epidemic process among students and teaching staff in 2020–2022. The analysis of COVID-19 incidence among students and teaching staff in the academic years 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 was carried out. The study was conducted on 6293 students enrolled in the academic year 2020–2021, 6148 students enrolled in the academic year 2021–2022, and 772 teaching staff members. In the academic year 2020–2021, COVID-19 was detected in 681 students, among whom the cumulative incidence (CI) was 10.83 (95% CI: 10.08-11.61) per 100 students, and 79 teaching staff members, among whom the CI was 10.23 (95% CI: 8.09–12.37); in the academic year 2021–2022 infection was detected in 690 students, the CI was 11.44 (95% CI: 10.64–12.24) per 100 students, and 75 teaching staff members, the CI was 9.71 (95% CI: 7.62%–11.80%). In 26.3% affected individuals, COVID-19 was detected when contacting the University outpatient clinic. The incidence among students living in the dormitories did not exceed that among students living in private apartments (p = 0.36), and no outbreaks were reported. There was a strong positive correlation between the incidence among residents of St. Petersburg and the incidence among students (r = 0.77). Over the entire period, probable setting of transmission was determined in 39.9% of infected individuals, contact most often (15.2%) occurred when working in the health care facilities. The incidence of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) among students and teaching staff members in the academic years 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 is directly related to their involvement in the COVID-19 epidemic process in St. Petersburg.

Estimation of anthropogenic heat from buildings based on various data sources in Singapore

Heat released from the energy consumption in buildings (QB) is an important component of anthropogenic heat, which is a major contribution to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. However, it is still a challenge to integrate all the available data to improve the estimation of QB due to inconsistences among multiple data sources. This paper presents a solution to estimate the anthropogenic heat from buildings in Singapore by classifying the buildings into the electricity consumption sectors based on a random forest classification model using multiple data sources. The classification model achieves a cross-validation accuracy score of 95% by using building use type, land use type of land parcel where the building stands, location and area as predictors. Based on the classification result, the annual average QB from the commercial buildings (CS), Housing and Development Board (HDB) apartments, private apartments and condominiums (AC), and landed properties (LP) were estimated to be 12.1, 4.4, 3.2 and 1.1 W m−2 on a 200 m-by-200 m grid, respectively. QB was approximately 9% of the net all-wave radiation in Singapore in 2015. Our approach can serve as a useful tool for integrating datasets from different sources with inconsistent categorizations, and our results can benefit urban planning as well as urban climate modeling at both microscale and mesoscale.

The effects of policy announcement, prices and subsidies on water consumption

With increasing water security challenges, water utilities around the world face complex decisions on water supply and demand management. Here we investigate the effects of price and subsidy increases on water conservation in Singapore. Using anonymized monthly billing data on water consumption for 2.2 million residential accounts over 10 years, our difference-in-differences estimates show that the announcement of a two-phased 30% price increase reduces water consumption by 3.7% more for the public housing, relative to the private apartments. The announcement effect is larger than the implementation of price increase. Consumers with lower water usage respond more to the announcement of price hike, while consumers with higher usage respond more to its implementation. An increase in utility subsidy reduces low-income households’ financial burden but does not affect water consumption, possibly due to consumers’ low attentiveness to the subsidy change. The results suggest that the traditional market-based policy instruments, such as price and subsidy, could be combined with attention priming to achieve sustainable outcomes with minimal requirement on technology advancement and institutional innovation.

Classification of typical layout design for Indonesian apartment buildings

Along with rapid urbanization, housing development increased in major cities worldwide. Public and private apartments have been constructed rapidly in Indonesia to accelerate housing provision, particularly in urbanized areas of major cities. From the early era of apartment construction to the present, many design prototypes have been implemented for various specific purposes such as energy-saving. Nevertheless, no comprehensive study has determined a typical layout of apartment buildings in Indonesia. The typical layout design is useful as the base model for building simulations. This study sought to classify the typical layout design of public and private apartments in Indonesia, using the selected building drawing data ranging from 1986 to 2021. We obtained primary data consisting of 268 public apartments from 22 cities and 268 private apartments from 9 major cities in Indonesia. To determine the typical layouts, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. As a result of this study, a pair of typical public and private apartment buildings which include the 1-bedroom unit and 2-bedroom unit types have been selected as the typical layout of the Indonesian apartment building. The results of the typical layout classification could be utilized as a standard testing model for designing future apartment building prototypes.

FEATURES OF DESIGNING HOT WATER SYSTEMS BASED ON SOLAR ENERGY

The need for the organization of autonomous hot water supply systems (hereinafter DHW) arises both in individual housing conditions and in apartment buildings, where such systems allow to avoid interruptions with hot water during repair and maintenance work. Special solutions have been developed not only in a private house or apartment, but also in any social or commercial facility – hospital, hotel, cafe, etc. It allows you to organize an autonomous system.

CPTED 인증 아파트와 비교한 공공임대아파트의 범죄 안전 연구

Reflecting the reality that 70% of Korea's population lives in apartment, many studies have been conducted on CPTED's perspective on crime in apartment, but crime and CPTED studies in public rental housing are very insufficient and CPTED certification is mainly applied to private construction apartment. Therefore, this study analyzes the perception and physical status of crime safety of residents of public rental housing and private apartments certified by the Korean Cpted Association, and seeks ways to prevent crime and reduce fear in public rental housing in the future. The study focused on field and drawing analysis (number of households, type and layout, outdoor space composition and facilities), questionnaire analysis(socio-demographic factors, psycho-behavioral factors, fear of crime factors, recognition of crime prevention environment, etc.), and crime analysis (5 major crimes).&#x0D; To summarize the research results, in the case of the physical environment, the mainstay of private apartments is the cascade structure, and the complex consists of various outdoor spaces and community facilities. On the other hand, the main building of public rental housing was a corridor-type structure, and the degree of facilities was somewhat insufficient compared to the size of the outdoor space, and there was a difference between underground parking lots and community facilities.&#x0D; From a socio-demographic point of view, public rental housing were the most inhabited by single-person households in their 20s, which was found to have high demand for housing for young single-person households due to the concentration of public institutions relocated to base national universities and innovative cities. From a psycho-behavioral point of view, public rental housing were most frequently selected as reasons for low life satisfaction, including unsafe environments from crime and apartment design, which is believed to reflect the fundamental problems of public housing. From the perspective of crime safety, private apartments had high satisfaction with the visibility and number of installations such as surveillance cameras and emergency bells, but public rental housing had low satisfaction or negative perceptions.&#x0D; In the comparison of overall crime awareness and fear of crime by type, apartment residents who received CPTED certification had high satisfaction and low fear. The high response that it will contribute to the expected effect of reducing fear of crime and the improvement of apartment brand value is believed to provide implications for the expansion of CPTED certification in the future.&#x0D; This study was conducted based on the survey, and it is factors by identifying the differences in resident perception by item and confirming the positive effect on CPTED. However, since statistical analysis according to variable factors is insufficient, subsequent studies will need to supplement this.

Artist–Activist–Archivist On Multiple Dimensions of the Temporary Slovene Dance Archive

Rok Vevar is a dance historian and archivist who founded the Temporary Slovene Dance Archive (TSDA) in 2011. TSDA is a platform for documenting and historicizing modern and contemporary dance in Slovenia. He first opened the archive to the public in his private apartment in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and then in March 2018, he transferred it into the premises of the Museum of Contemporary Art Metelkova in Ljubljana. The material is now more accessible to its users who are at the same time witnesses of the development of this peculiar archive. TSDA has thus become a performative, time-specific and site-specific installation presenting the archive as a structure evolving over time and without end. It seems that by entering the institutional framework as an individual, the archivist has found material support and space while retaining his relative independence. In the introduction of his article, Aldo Milohnic presents the genealogy and the structure of TSDA and then, in the main part of the article, he analyses a specific complexity of the relation artist–activist–archivist, represented by TSDA’s founder Rok Vevar.