Privacy Of Owners Research Articles

프라이버시 보장 k-비트 내적연산 기법

The research on data mining that can manage a large amount of information efficiently has grown with the drastic increment of information. Privacy-preserving data mining can protect the privacy of data owners. There are several privacy-preserving association rule, clustering and classification protocols. A privacy-preserving association rule protocol is used to find association rules among data, which is often used for marketing. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving k-bits inner product protocol based on Shamir`s secret sharing.

A Solution for Privacy-Preserving Data Manipulation and Query on NoSQL Database

Privacy of data owners and query users is vital in modern clouding data management. Many researches have been done on cloud security, but most of them are focused on the privacy of data owners or of query users separately. How to protect the privacy of the data owners and users simulta- neously is a great challenge. In this paper, a solution of data storage and query protocol based on classical homomorphic encryption scheme is given to preserve privacy of both data owners and query users. Our main efforts are put on NoSQL database which is less structural than relational database. Storage and indexing structure on NoSQL database, query protocol are proposed, and algorithms for updating and querying are also given. To implement our solution, Berkley DB, an excellent storage solution for NoSQL database is chosen and data are encrypted/decrypted using Elgamal and Paillier encryption system, using basic Java package. Experiments are done under different parameters in order to achieve better efficiency.

On smart grid cybersecurity standardization: Issues of designing with NISTIR 7628

Cybersecurity is an important but usually not adequately addressed area in the smart grid. Its standardization is also relatively immature. The NISTIR 7628 seems to be a comprehensive document for security designers/practitioners in smart grid research and practice. However, the NISTIR 7628 security framework might still be insufficient to specify the requirements of a secure smart grid system. More specifically, the EV charging infrastructure is used to study the effectiveness of the NISTIR 7628 framework in specifying security criteria, and the resulting security assurance. Two weaknesses, one in addressing node or device authentication and the other in location privacy of EV owners, are found for a system satisfying all the security requirements stipulated by the NISTIR 7628, thus illustrating the subtlety of applying the NISTIR 7628.

Asymmetric Watermarking Scheme Based on Shuffling

In this paper, a novel asymmetric watermarking scheme is proposed. Both the user side watermark and copyright owner's one are generated from the copyright owner's private keys, and the watermark detection can be finished either by public watermark or the copyright owner's private one. Given the public watermark, it is impossible to guess or remove the embedded watermark. Performance of the proposed scheme is studied and the experimental results against removal attack and Jpeg compression show good robustness of proposed scheme.

Legislation Prohibiting Physicians from Asking Patients about Guns

Several states have recently considered legislation that effectively prohibits physicians from asking patients about firearm ownership. In 2011, Florida passed the Privacy of Firearm Owners Act, which prevented the state's medical personnel from asking patients about gun ownership, documenting information concerning firearms in a patient's medical record, and denying care for patients who refuse to answer questions about gun ownership. This article considers the legislation's constitutionality and its implications for public health, clinical standards of care, and medical ethics.

Privacy-Preserving ECG Classification With Branching Programs and Neural Networks

Privacy protection is a crucial problem in many biomedical signal processing applications. For this reason, particular attention has been given to the use of secure multiparty computation techniques for processing biomedical signals, whereby nontrusted parties are able to manipulate the signals although they are encrypted. This paper focuses on the development of a privacy preserving automatic diagnosis system whereby a remote server classifies a biomedical signal provided by the client without getting any information about the signal itself and the final result of the classification. Specifically, we present and compare two methods for the secure classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals: the former based on linear branching programs (a particular kind of decision tree) and the latter relying on neural networks. The paper deals with all the requirements and difficulties related to working with data that must stay encrypted during all the computation steps, including the necessity of working with fixed point arithmetic with no truncation while guaranteeing the same performance of a floating point implementation in the plain domain. A highly efficient version of the underlying cryptographic primitives is used, ensuring a good efficiency of the two proposed methods, from both a communication and computational complexity perspectives. The proposed systems prove that carrying out complex tasks like ECG classification in the encrypted domain efficiently is indeed possible in the semihonest model, paving the way to interesting future applications wherein privacy of signal owners is protected by applying high security standards.

Privacy protection for vehicular ad hoc networks by using an efficient revocable message authentication scheme

ABSTRACTCorrectness of exchanged information and guaranteeing the privacy of vehicle owners are the two most significant security concerns for VANETs. Pseudonymous public key infrastructure (PPKI) is a practical solution to these two issues. Almost all PPKI technologies are comprehensive schemes, such as the group signature‐based and identity‐based cryptosystems. An applicable PPKI scheme for secure vehicular communication (VC) should support revocability because it is a significant functionality in VANETs to revoke certificates of vehicles for surrendering or transferring the registrations. However, the computation or space complexity in most of the revocable PPKI‐based protocols is linear when the number of vehicles or revoked vehicles increases over time. This drawback markedly degrades the efficiency and stability of secure VC. This work therefore reduces the computation complexities of authentication message verification, certificate tracing, membership revocation, and space complexity of system parameters (e.g., revocation information and public keys), such that they are independent of the number of vehicles or revoked vehicles using a novel and efficient PPKI mechanism based on bilinear mapping. The proposed scheme uses the concept of accumulator schemes and transfers the computation of accumulators from vehicles to certificate authority (CA) for achieving constant computation and storage complexities on vehicles. The computation of accumulators on CA is also low in the proposed scheme. Finally, we formally prove that the proposed scheme, which is based on q‐strong Diffie–Hellman, n‐Diffie–Hellman exponent (DHE), variant n‐DHE, and decision linear Diffie–Hellman assumptions, is secure under the definitions of traceability and anonymity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Anonymity notions and techniques for public‐key infrastructures in vehicular networks

AbstractAs vehicular networks approach deployment phases, there is wide recognition for challenges and pressing needs for solutions with respect to the areas of security, privacy, and performance. The requirement of participation in applications such as traffic safety, combined with the intrinsically ad hoc network environment, poses rather novel challenges to the modeling, design, and analysis of security solutions for vehicular networks. One particularly stringent requirement in this area is that of protecting the privacy of vehicle owners (i.e., their anonymity and their vehicle's location unlinkability) during their participation in a vehicular network such as in traffic safety applications. In this paper, we present novel models of concrete anonymity and unlinkability requirements for vehicular networks that can be built using state‐of‐the‐art options for communication network deployment (e.g., road‐side short‐range radio networks and hotspot networks). One key aspect of our modeling consists of recognizing the existence and impact of additional certification authorities managed by vehicle manufacturers. In particular, we consider a simple variant of a previously proposed public‐key infrastructure (PKI) for vehicular networks and present two techniques to augment it so that it provides improved anonymity and unlinkability properties. The resulting vehicular‐network key infrastructures satisfy desirable combinations of anonymity, unlinkability, bad actor detection, and performance requirements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A review of bovine cases consigned under veterinary certification to emergency and casualty slaughter in Ireland during 2006 to 2008

The emergency and casualty slaughter of cattle for human consumption (in cases where animals are likely to have suffered from acute or chronic pain, respectively) in Ireland requires that the animal is accompanied to the slaughterhouse by an official veterinary certificate (VC) completed on-farm by the owner's private veterinary practitioner (PVP). No published data is currently available in Ireland based on information provided in these VCs. In this paper, we present a review of bovine cases consigned under veterinary certification to emergency and casualty slaughter in Ireland during 2006 to 2008. All VCs during the years 2006 (where available), 2007 and 2008 were collected from four large Irish slaughterhouses. The data were computerized, and analysed using descriptive and spatial methods. In total, 1,255 VCs were enrolled into the study (1,255 study animals, 1,072 study herds), 798 (63.6%) and 457 (36.4%) animals were consigned to emergency and casualty slaughter, respectively. VCs were completed throughout the year, with consigned animals travelling a mean distance of 27.2 km from farm to slaughter. The time elapsed between veterinary certification and slaughter was greater than three days for 18.2% of all study animals. In 965 (76.9%) animals, the certified suspected disability related to the locomotory system, most commonly as a result of fractures. Among animals for which data were available, 11.9% were totally condemned at post-mortem. The transport of animals with fractured limbs and/or other painful conditions is a significant animal welfare concern.

Recent progress in database privacy

Database privacy can be conceptually described in terms of three dimensions, each of which refers to the privacy of a different subject and is pursued by a different discipline: respondent privacy, addressed by statistical disclosure control (SDC), owner privacy, addressed by privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM), and user privacy, pursued by private information retrieval (PIR). This special issue contains papers reporting recent advances in each of those three dimensions.

Can nearby open spaces substitute for the size of a property owner's private yard?

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the marginal value of several types of open space in a single family residential market. It also aims to test the hypothesis that locating closer to open spaces might be a substitute for the size of a homeowner's own yard.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from Wake County, North Carolina in the US hedonic modeling is used to estimate the house price as a function of the quantities of a property's characteristics, including the property's access to different types of open spaces, property structural features, public services, disamenity features, neighborhood socio‐economic characteristics, and accessibility measures.FindingsThe findings were that housing prices increase with a property's proximity to certain types of open land uses, and that the size of those nearby open spaces also impacts home price. More importantly, the findings concluded that the value of being adjacent to public open spaces, having more public open spaces within walking distance of the property, and being closer to the nearest open space is greater for properties with smaller private yards.Originality/valueThis paper explicitly tests the relationship between yard size and the proximity value of various types of open spaces. The paper also discusses the implications of the research findings for land use planning and smart growth development.

Owning a Private Piece of the Public Disney Rock: Consumer Response and the Main Street Electrical Parade Light Bulb

In the 1980s, a new American cultural phenomenon erupted right alongside Mt. St. Helens: the desire for Mt. St. Helens's ash. Americans bought everything-from ash-filled clocks, hourglasses, and ballpoint pens to ash-filled pendants, broaches, and gumball containers. Artists used ash in paint, pottery, and glass. Smokers even bought ashtrays made of ash. And, for purists, ash available in a plastic bag.1 Mt. St. Helens's ash, in its various consumable forms, is an example of what the cultural critic Beverly Gordan calls a of the rock souvenir. of the rock souvenir is often an actual from a public space, brought home for private consumption.2 In 1996, the Disney company took its own turn with the of the rock tradition, honoring a twenty-four-year-old Disneyland event.3 Disney released light bulbs, similar to the ones used to decorate Christmas trees but without electrical wirings. What could possess Americans to purchase disconnected light bulbs at $10 apiece? tiny objects once helped to light the Main Street Electrical Parade, a Disneyland interactive event from 1972 to 1996. Three years later, the Main Street Electrical Parade light bulb continues to serve no particular, utilitarian purpose. Instead, each disconnected bulb attains its significance as a small piece, plucked off a greater, public whole. As I see it, each consumer who received a light bulb actually received a tangible form of his or her parade experiences. Each bulb acts as a cultural artifact, reflecting the bulb owner's private connection to this very public event. In The Significance of an Artifact, Yi-Fu Tuan explains that it is an essential characteristic of being human that we feel the urge to reify experience, to give those fleeting moments of pleasure and pain a narrative outline or visual (462). As advertisements once warned, the Main Street Parade is now glowing, gone from Disneyland. But each light bulb continues to offer its consumer a tangible, visual shape of his or her fleeting parade experiences. Students of American culture may better recognize the private side of this public event by asking what exactly light bulb consumers wished to give shape to. I asked a small group of potential consumers for their ideal pictures of the Main Street Electrical Parade light bulb.4 How did these consumers hope the bulbs would look when delivered to their homes? packaging, shape, and color were unknown. This opened an opportunity for subjects to create their own texts for interpretation. Each subject created a visual text, representing his or her ideal bulb and bulb packaging. subject's picture then used as a springboard for discussion about the private significances he or she attached to the Main Street Electrical Parade. Christina Guerrero, 18, describes her interest in the bulb as follows. That's the thing that lights, she says, That's the thing that gave me all those feelings. A T shirt or mug is not the same thing for me. For her, the bulb is not just a picture of the parade on a T shirt or mug. Instead, the light bulb is a piece of the parade itself, her piece. From my perspective, the light bulb and various other of the rock souvenirs may typify the private side of public American culture. A parade or other public event is taken in by a viewer, and a piece of that event, the viewer's subjective experience, is taken home. Viewed from the contextual homes of my sample subjects, the private side of the Main Street Electrical Parade combines personal experiences with Disney and other public ideologies. Discussing these ideologies may make them easier to recognize in sample consumer texts. cultural critic Richard V. Francaviglia explains that in the 1950s Disneyland was envisioned and designed as an international ambassador of Yankee ingenuity, national nostalgia, and collective visions of the future (152). …

"The Art of Speaking Extravagantly": Eine vergleichende Studie der Concord Sonata und der Essays before a Sonata von Charles Ives

about individual instruments. The original ledgers also included the names of the people to whom the instruments were first sold, but Schmidt has not included these to protect the privacy of the owners. This is unfortunate, especially since most of the original D'Angelico instruments would have changed hands long ago. A more complete list of the original owners and players would have been both a testimony to the high quality of the instruments, and a useful resource for jazz historians. Schmidt's infectious enthusiasm about

Relics Show Their Merits

* Long before Columbus arrived in the Americas, medicine men in Mexico and Peru were forging ahead with brain surgery, cesarian sections, leg amputations and treatment of some diseases still confounding modern science. Examples of pre-Columbian sculpture that may have been teaching models for Stone Age medics have been found by archaeologists and are being exhibited at the National Library of Medicine near Washington. The clay figures are mute testimony to the skill of the primitive as well as the artists who molded them. In some fields, the early Peruvians appear to have been ahead of Civil War surgeons. We only started brain surgery 80 years ago, Dr. Abner I. Weisman of New York Medical College told Science Service. Dr. Weisman loaned his collection for the exhibit. The Peruvians were trephining by cutting a hole in the skull with a sharp stone in primitive times, he said. The surgeon used coca juice to ease the pain, letting it drip from his mouth as he chewed a quid while he worked. The figure on the cover is an example of splinting a broken bone in the upper arm. The headgear is typical of that worn by the Nayarit Indians of Mexico, and the swollen lips are a mark of social prominence among the tribes. Dr. Weisman believes this figure is the only one in America. Among the 131 pieces displayed are some that show the squatting method of bearing children, the presence of syphilis or some other subtropical disease such as yaws, the existence of cancer, dwarfism and other congenital defects. Some of the jug figures in Dr. Weisman's exhibit are examples of water retention rather than of obesity, he believes, although some students have simply called them fat men. Among the collected paraphernalia of the early medicine man of Western Mexico are whistles formed like a dog's head, an owl head, a birdman and a medical inhaler. Dr. Weisman's collection, which has just come from Stockholm, where the King of Sweden introduced it at the Museum of National Antiquity, is to be returned to the owner's private museum in a New York brownstone. Dr. Weisman, a sometime archaeologist as well as a physician, has done some digging himself. But most of his collection was bought or was in the form of personal gifts from Latin American friends. He has been collecting sculpture for 26 years, and his is the largest collection in the United States made up of exclusively medical figures of the pre-Columbian era. The 131 items he is exhibiting are a part of a collection of some 3,000 pieces that date back to 2,000 B.C. Many archeologists agree that, like all other sculpture of that era, medical sculpture was almost always placed in graves, either as a part of the dead person's treasured possessions, or perhaps as an explanation to the gods of the circumstances of illness or death. The viewpoint Dr. Weisman holds, however, is that the sculptures were actually teaching models. As evidence, he points to the graphic representations of the symptoms and signs of malnutrition, deformity, physical and mental illness, the states of pregnancy and childbirth, the techniques of amputation, trephining, and perhaps even cesarian section captured in clay. Figures showing abdominal incision could be either examples of cesarian section or ritual incisions in fulfillment of a vow. But it is likely that in some cases, at least, the purpose was obstetric surgery. Another question that apparently never can be definitely answered is whether there was syphilis before Columbus.