Behavior In Prison Research Articles

POLICY OF TRANSFERRING PRISONERS IN THE CATEGORY OF NARCOTICS DEALERS TO SUPERMAXIMUM SECURITY PENITENTIARY

The enactment of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 35 of 2018 concerning the Revitalization of Correctional Administration, one of which regulates the transfer of high-risk prisoners to Super maximum security prisons. Narcotics convicts who are at high risk are those who are included as dealers and narcotics controllers from within the prison. The purpose of this research are to analize: (1) Policy of transferring prisoners in the category of narcotics dealers to Supermaximum Security Penitentiary? Inhibiting factors for the policy of transferring prisoners in the category of narcotics dealers to the Supermaximum Security. The research using normative and juridical approach. The results of this study indicate: (1) The policy of transferring prisoners in the category of narcotics dealers to the Supermaximum Security Penitentiary was implemented by the Class II Narcotics Prison in Bandar Lampung by transferring 19 prisoners to the Class Special Prison. IIA Karanganyar Nusakambangan and Class IIA Nusakambangan Narcotics Prison. The policy has been implemented even though it has not been maximized, because there are still inhibiting factors. (2) The inhibiting factors for the policy of transferring prisoners in the category of narcotics dealers to the Supermaximum Security Penitentiary as an effort to cut off the circulation of narcotics are the risky behavior of prisoners in the category of narcotics dealers that endanger or have a negative impact on themselves, others and the environment and the process of evaluation and reassessment of prisoners who need a relatively long time. Keywords: Transfer Policy, Narcotics, Super Maximum Security

Implementation and Effectiveness of In-Prison Programs for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators: Evidence From Spain

The article describes the supply and demand of programs for imprisoned perpetrators of intimate partner violence and their consequences on recidivism in a Spanish penal system with multiple interventions. Four aspects are studied with descriptive, multinomial, survival, and canonical correlation analyses—programs’ features (number, content, duration, combinations, compliance); users and nonusers’ characteristics (socioeconomic profiles, criminological histories, incarceration experiences); the ensuing outcomes (prison behavior and postrelease recidivism); and the profiles of the clients benefiting the most and least from them. The results show great heterogeneity in program supply and in how they are taken, and marked differences in the profiles of nonusers and users of programs of different durations. This helps interpret the main finding that short-program users have lower rates of recidivism, partly due to the programs’ more appropriate formats and partly due to the users’ less problematic characteristics and higher opportunities to take them. Policy recommendations are accordingly made.

Prison behavior and the self: exploring the relationship between different forms of identity and prison misconduct

ABSTRACT Identity or self-concept has long been theorized to explain rule-violating behavior. Life-course criminology scholarship has incorporated identity as a core concept explaining desistance or disengagement from crime over time. Individuals who transform their identities from anti to prosocial or who are ready to move away from their past selves are more likely to desist from crime. However, the role of identity, particularly the forms of identity that have been theorized to influence desistance, has been understudied with respect to prison behavior. Understanding the ways in which identity relates to prison misconduct may help inform prison programming as well as theoretical perspectives drawing on the concept. The purpose of this study is to explore how various forms of identity are related to future prison misconduct, controlling for past misconduct and a host of other theoretical variables, in Minnesota prisons. The results indicate that two forms of identity, replacement self and cognitive transformation, are related to general misconduct but not violent misconduct in survival models. For general misconduct, both forms of identity are associated with a reduction in the risk of new convictions. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

RELIGIOUS REHABILITATION PROGRAM TO CHANGE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORS OF INDONESIAN PRISONERS

The lack of clarity of religious values in rehabilitation program conducted for prisoners in jails has been the cause of a failure of the rehabilitation process of prisoners. This research aims to examine the implementation of the prisoner rehabilitation program and offer relevant components of humanist values for rehabilitation in prisons. The research method used a naturalistic qualitative approach and an analytical descriptive data analysis technique, and revealed in detail the prisoner rehabilitation program through the developing of religious values for behavioral change. This research showed that the prisoner rehabilitation programs in prisons is a very significant effort to bring behavioral change in prisoners. Despite this, the evaluation undertaken of the rehabilitation program shows sub-optimal results. It was found that application of humanist values can replace prohibitions and punishment which are applied on prisoners. The research has implications for positive changes in prisoner behavior which tend to be more grounded in consciousness than fear of prohibition and punishment. This research provides further evidence as to the effectiveness of the humanist approach in prisoner religious rehabilitation.

Trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder and violence in the prison population: prospective cohort study of sentenced male prisoners in the UK.

Violence is a common problem in prisons. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a prevalent disorder in prison populations, has been identified as a risk factor for violent behaviour in community and military populations. Although cross-sectional associations between PTSD and prison violence have been documented, prospective cohort studies are required. To investigate whether PTSD is an independent risk factor for prison violence, and examine the potential role of PTSD symptoms and other trauma sequelae on the pathway from trauma exposure to violent behaviour in prison. A prospective cohort study was conducted in a large, medium security prison in London, UK. A random sample of sentenced prisoners arriving into custody (N = 223) took part in a clinical research interview, which assessed trauma histories, mental disorders including PTSD, and other potential sequelae of trauma (anger, emotion dysregulation). Incidents of violent behaviour were measured with prison records covering the 3 months after reception into custody. Stepped binary logistic regression and a series of binary mediation models were performed. Prisoners who met current (past month) criteria for PTSD were more likely to engage in violent behaviour during the first 3 months of imprisonment, after adjusting for other independent risk factors. The relationship between lifetime exposure to interpersonal trauma and violent behaviour in custody was mediated by total PTSD symptom severity. Hyperarousal and negatively valenced cognitive and emotional appraisal symptoms were particularly implicated in this pathway. The identification and treatment of PTSD has the potential to reduce violence in prison populations.

Los Factores Psicosociales en el Suicidio de Presos en Prisiones Europeas: una Revisión Sistemática y Metaanálisis

In this article, the most influential variables of suicidal behaviour in prisons in Europe are identified. To this end, a literature search was conducted from 2010 in the databases of Web of Science (Core Collection), Scopus, Psicodoc and the ProQuest platform (PsycExtra, Psychology Database, PsycArticle, Criminology Collection, and PsycINFO), selecting articles and reviews, with samples of adult inmates with suicidal behaviour. Articles with samples of juveniles, non-prisoners and non-European prisons were excluded. The results obtained with 8,468 inmates describe prior history as the most relevant risk factor for suicide, with family support being the most relevant protective factor. There is insufficient research on the influence of gender on suicidal behaviour, as well as a scarcity of studies with a sufficient sample of inmates from different European countries.

Executive functioning as mediator of the association between traumatic brain injury and prison bullying

ABSTRACT Objective This study examined whether executive functioning (EF) mediated the relationship between childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) and engaging in bullying in prison (BP) Participants A sample of male adults in custody in Uruguay (N = 236), drawn from five prisons. Methods Inmates filled out self-report questionnaires examining TBI (Head Injury Questionnaire), EF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult, BRIEF-A) and bullying in prison (Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behavior Checklist – revised, SCALED, DIPC-SCALED-r). Results Findings showed that TBI was associated with prison bullying after controlling for age, level of education, socioeconomic status, and civil status. The mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between TBI and bullying was fully mediated via executive impairment, especially through the behavioral regulation component (mainly inhibition and emotional control). Conclusion These findings suggested that compensating for EF difficulties in adult inmates with brain injuries might help to decrease the bullying in prison.

«ПОСТАВЬТЕ СЗАДИ МЕНЯ ПУЛЕМЕТ»: НАСТРОЕНИЯ И ПОВЕДЕНИЕ УЗНИКОВ КОЛТУБАНСКОГО ФИЛЬТРАЦИОННОГО ЛАГЕРЯ НКВД (1942–1943 гг.)

The article examines the mood and behavior of the Red Army soldiers who were filtered into the Koltuban NKVD camp in 1942–1943, returned from enemy captivity or lived in the occupied territory for a long time. An assessment is given of the reliability and completeness of the NKVD data on their thoughts and actions. The survey of sentiments is based on the statements recorded in the reports of the political department of the camp. The author reveals the inmates’ desire to get to the front as soon as possible, their demands to speed up the filtration, dissatisfaction with the futility of their stay in the camp to win the war, but also statements about their consent to remain in the camp until the end of the war. The NKVD data on the behavior of inmates are analyzed: violations of the regime, attitude to work, circumstances of absences, escapes and suicides. Among the prisoners, groups with special behavior were singled out: women, command staff, persons who held lower administrative positions. The data on the interactions and conflicts of prisoners with each other are considered, the tension in the relations between the bulk of the prisoners and the camp servants is highlighted. In the moods and behavior of the Koltuban camp prisoners, what is common and unique in comparison with other filtration camps is traced. Conclusions are drawn about the evolution of the identity of the prisoners during the filtration, the degree of their acceptance of the idea of guilt for misbehavior on the battlefield, the impact on these processes of the special conditions of the Koltuban camp.

Perceived Prison Environment as Predictor of Prisoners’ Adjustment: The Mediating role of Resilience among Inmates in South-West Nigeria

The concept of studying prison behaviour, particularly adjustment after incarceration has evolved with the cause of time and has ultimately become a veritable source for understanding how prisoners employ personal adjustment characteristics in their respective socio-cultural, economic and demographic circumstances. These behaviours actually define social position of inmates and provide a better understanding of behavioural process that reduces the overall economic cost of adjusting problems within prison communities. The problem of adjustment is under-reported in common place within the Nigerian correctional Service. This study examined the role of prison environment as predictor of Prisoners’ adjustment among inmates: The mediatory role of resilience.Using a correlational survey design and systematic sampling technique, four hundred and seventy-six convicts responded to Prison Environment scale, resilience Scale, and Prison Adjustment Scale. Analysis of the data with Linear and multiple regression and Sobel statistics. Findings revealed that, Prison environment significantly predicted prisoners’ adjustment β.26, t 5.25’’, p< .01, Resilience significantly predicted prisoners’ adjustment β.18, t 2.25’, p< .05 Furthermore, the strength with which resilience mediated the relationship between prison environment and prison adjustment was significant. Thus, (Ƶ = 2.31, p., <. 05). It was recommended that, government may need to take into consideration the condition of the prison environment and resilience when designing programs toward promoting or enhancing psychologically well-adjusted prison inmate.

Risk, Needs, and Behavior: Moderating the Mediated Relationship Between Criminal Thinking, Institutional Infractions, and Recidivism With Time Spent in Prison

The research question addressed in the current study asked whether a risk factor would moderate the relationship between a needs factor and behavior and in so doing increase a person’s odds of reoffending. In this study, prison time was the risk factor, proactive and reactive criminal thinking the needs factors, and institutional infractions the behavior. A sample of 1,101 men (mean age = 34.64 years) released from federal prison between 2003 and 2009 participated in a study where a moderated mediation design was employed. The interaction between proactive criminal thinking and time spent in prison was found to predict more infractions in prison, which, in turn, predicted increased levels of recidivism upon release from prison. These results suggest that time spent in prison may provide a context in which proactive criminal thinking encourages antisocial behavior in prison, which then puts the individual at risk for future offending.

Dark Triad, Impulsiveness and Honesty-Humility in the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game: The Moderating Role of Gender

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to investigate if the Dark Triad (DT)—which includes psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism—impulsiveness and Honesty-Humility (HH), can predict individuals’ intended behavior in a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma Game (PDG) and whether this relationship is moderated by gender. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used, examining regression and moderation models. A total sample of 197 working adults from Greece (64% women, Mage = 35.13 years old) completed a one-shot, simulated PDG, the Dirty Dozen scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Honesty-Humility subscale from the HEXACO NEO-PI. (3) Results: Significant correlations between overall DT score, narcissism and psychopathy scores and impulsiveness and all three DT traits, as well as the overall DT score and honesty-humility, were identified. Overall DT scores were found to increase the odds of defecting, while gender significantly moderated the effects of Machiavellianism, HH and impulsiveness on the participants’ behavior in the one shot PDG, leading to different effects for men and women. (4) Conclusions: Gender moderates the relationship between certain personality traits and behavior in social situations involving interdependence and/or moral decision making, such as the PDG, leading to changes both in terms of the statistical significance and the direction of the effect. Simulated social situations could serve as situational judgment tests in an effort to develop a better understanding of the underpinning mechanisms between personality, gender and social behavior.

Spiritual Development with Changes in the Social Behavior of Christian Prisoners

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Spiritual Guidance and Changes in Social Behavior of Prisoners in Class 1A Penitentiary Cipinang, Jakarta, Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative survey research methodology. The data collection technique applied a Likert scale with four answer choices which were distributed to 87 inmates and 40 respondents were sampled. Ethical clearnce was obtained to conduct the research. The results showed that the Spiritual Development variable had a score above the average of 21 prisoners or 77.5%, so it can be said that the Spiritual Development of inmates was good. Meanwhile, the variable of Change in Social Behavior of Prisoners is above the average of 18 inmates or 70%, so it can be said that the Change of Social Behavior of Prisoners is also good. The results of data processing thus clearly showed that there is a correlation between the variables of Spiritual Development and Changes in Social Behavior of Prisoners of 0.528 or 52.8%. This means that the applied Spiritual Guidance has a positive role in Changes in Social Behavior of Prisoners in Class 1A Penitentiary Cipinang, Jakarta, Indonesia. This article is an important contribution for Christian counselors and educators to further guide them in improving the spiritual development of inmates as a pattern of social behavior change, because it can also serve the purpose of improving the personality of prisoners.

Study: the influence of psychosocial reintegration activities on the behavioral changes occurring in the detained persons

This article presents the results of experimental research on the influence of psychosocial reintegration activities on behavioral changes in prisoners. The study tracked the existence of differences regarding the personality traits that generate openness, agreeableness, assertiveness, neuroticism and aggressiveness through the impact of psychosocial activities on the behavior of prisoners in the penitentiary environment. Thus, the prisoners participating in social reintegration programs had a higher level of agreeableness and a lower level of neuroticism and aggression, which correlates with the effectiveness of the programs, but also with the need for their implementation in the longer term.

Latent variable model of triarchic psychopathy constructs in an incarcerated offender sample: Factor reliability and validity.

The triarchic model of psychopathy posits that three distinct trait dispositions-disinhibition, meanness, and boldness-contribute to the interpersonal, affective, and impulsive-unrestrained features of this condition and is represented to varying degrees in all conceptualizations and measures of psychopathy. Using data for incarcerated males (n = 273) and females (n = 83) from 10 different prisons in Italy, we specified a latent variable model of the triarchic trait constructs in which scale measures of disinhibition, meanness, and boldness composed of items from the following inventories served as indicators: Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form, and NEO Five Factor Inventory. A correlated three-factor solution evidenced adequate model fit, with individual triarchic trait scales loading strongly onto their target factors. The model exhibited comparable fit and factor loadings when specified using data for males only, and its factors showed expected relations with pertinent criterion variables, including measures of normative personality and clinical dysfunction along with staff ratings of prison behavior and release prognosis. Extending prior research with nonclinical participants from the U.S., present study results demonstrate the viability of a latent variable model of the triarchic traits in an incarcerated offender sample from a separate culture (Italy). The significance of this work lies in the potential of the triarchic traits to serve as conceptual-empirical points of reference for integrating findings across studies of psychopathy employing diverse samples and assessment measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Religiosity as a Predictor of Prisoners’ Adjustment: The Mediatory Role of Resilience among Inmates in South-West Nigeria

The study of prison behaviour, particularly adjustment after incarceration has evolved with the cause of time and has ultimately become a veritable source for understanding how prisoners employ personal adjustment characteristics in their respective socio-cultural, and demographic variables These behaviours define the social position of inmates and provide a better understanding of the behavioural process that reduces the overall economic cost of adjusting problems within prison communities. The problem of adjustment is under-reported in commonplace within the Nigerian Correctional Service. The study determined the role of religiosity as a predictor of adjustment among inmates in southwest Nigeria: The mediatory role of resilience. Using a correlational survey design and systematic sampling technique, four hundred and seventy-eight convicts responded to the religiosity scale, resilience Scale, and Prison Adjustment Scale. Analysis of the data with Linear and multiple regression and Sobel statistics. Findings revealed that religiosity significantly predicted prisoners’ adjustment [β.14, t 2.85’, < .01], and Resilience significantly predicted prisoners’ adjustment β.18, t 2.25’, p< .05. Furthermore, the strength with which resilience mediated the existing relationship between prison adjustment and religiosity was significant. Thus, (Ƶ = 2.60, p. 01). It was recommended that prison management must include faith-based programs since it’s implicated as an important enhancer of adjustment among inmates as evidenced in this study. The program is essential in promoting or enhancing psychologically well-adjusted prison inmates.

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and associated risk behaviors in prisoners: A systematic review.

Background and AimsSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the major health concerns globally. Generally, prisoners are at higher risks for STIs due to risk factors including; drug‐use, high‐risk sexual behaviors, densely populated prisons, and poor living conditions. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the existing data on STI prevalence, and its associated risk factors among prisoners.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of the literature using the keywords in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar online databases. We selected all the relevant original studies in English through title/abstract and full‐text screening process.‎ResultsBased on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected and reviewed 32 studies out of 96 identified papers. The most important STI‐associated risk factors among prisoners were drug use, low educational levels, and unsafe sex. The prevalence of STIs was heterogenous in selected studies and was reported as follows; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (0%−14.5%), hepatitis B viruses (HBV) (0.04%−27.23%), hepatitis C viruses (HCV) (0.17%−49.7%), Syphilis (0.2%−22.1%), Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) (1.02%−6.7%), Gonorrhea (0.6%−7.8%), and herpes simplex virus‐2 (HSV‐2) 22.4%.ConclusionThis systematic review indicates that the prevalence of STIs (HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis, Chlamydia Trachomatis, Gonorrhea, and HSV‐2) among prisoners appears to be higher than the general population, with drug abuse, low educational levels, and unsafe sex as major risk factors.

Antisocial and borderline personality traits and childhood trauma in male prisoners: Mediating effects of difficulties in emotional regulation

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of probable antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) among prisoners, and further examine the mediating effect of difficulties in emotional regulation (ER) between childhood trauma and symptoms of ASPD and BPD. MethodsA total of 1491 male participants (35.4 ± 9.69 years) were recruited from a prison in Guangdong, China. The symptoms of ASPD and BPD, childhood trauma, difficulties in ER, and suicidal behaviors were measured by self-administered structured questionnaires. Logistic regressions were performed to investigate the associations of ASPD and BPD with suicidal behaviors. Path analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of difficulties in ER between childhood trauma and symptoms of ASPD and BPD. ResultApproximately, 21.2 % and 11.2 % of the participants were screened as ASPD and BPD, respectively. Probable ASPD and BPD were associated with higher risk of suicidal behaviors. Childhood trauma and difficulties in ER were significantly associated with suicidal behaviors in prisoners with probable ASPD and BPD. Path analyses showed that partial mediating effects of difficulties in ER were significant in the dimensions of clarity and strategies on ASPD, and in the dimensions of clarity, impulse, and strategies on BPD. ConclusionASPD and BPD are two of the common personality disorders in prisoners. Difficulties in ER are key to understanding the relationships between childhood trauma and personality disorders.

Bullying in prisons in Argentina: a study of personality, mental health and attitudes

ABSTRACT Bullying in prisons is a construct with important psychosocial and physical consequences. The research examines the nature and extent of bullying in four prisons in Argentina, exploring demographics, personality, mental health, and attitudes towards bullying. Seven hundred and eighteen adult prisoners took part (667 men, 48 women, and 3 transgender), completing the DIPC-SCALED-r version (Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist), and measures of personality, mental health, and bullying attitudes. Dark Triad traits, attitudes supportive of prison bullying/disapproving of victims, and prison experience were considered likely to predict perpetration, with depression predicting victimisation. Results demonstrated that bullying was predicted by higher levels of Dark Triad personality, specific attitudes supportive of bullying, younger age, and certain offence types (i.e. homicide/attempted homicide and robbery). Prison experience was not a predictor. Victimisation was a significant predictor of depression. Implications of these findings are outlined, with suggestions for future research made, including proposals for a reformulation of the MMBSS (Multifactor Model of Bullying in Secure Services).

Effect of serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone in criminal behavior of Iraqi males

Aim: Investigate the role of serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone and their relationship with criminal behavior in Iraqi males prisoners. Method: A questionnaire was taken including the age, marital status, duration of imprisonment, residence, previous delinquency, educational level, and type of crime. Blood samples were taken from all of subjects involved in this study which was 80 (40 prisoners and 40 healthy control). All prisoners and control were from the same ethnic group (Arabic). Measurement of serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations was performed for criminals and control groups. seR ults: The results showed that the 21-30 years age group of criminals prisoners were more frequent 17(42.5%) than control 3(7.5%) followed by age group 31-40 years which was 13(32.5%) compared to control 24(60%), whereas the percentage was 10 (25 %) in 41-50 years age group compared to control group 13(32.5%). According to educational level, most of the prisoners had no degree or at primary school 15(37.5%) followed by those with secondary school 10(25%) compared to the control group who had primary school 16(40%) was more frequent followed by university degree 11(27.5%) then secondary school 8(20%) and diploma degree 5(12.5%).

Девиантное поведение заключенных в местах лишения свободы Монголии

Deviant behavior of the incarcerated individuals is a relevant challenge for both the Mongolian and the foreign researches. The main goal of the conducted studies is to expose the reasons of their behavior and to find the most effective control measures. Even though prisoners sentenced to life are the minor part of the incarcerated, they deserve our deliberate attention. Currently the age of sentenced to life is between 25 and 38 years old.
 Specifically, at that age the prisoners keep creating their personal environment by their own acts and behavior depending on their communication skills and contacts.
 Persons incarcerated for life have lost their life goals and values, what leads to an array of illegal acts including suicide, bodily harm, attacks, insults and psychological abuse of the prison staff. The following research is dedicated to the deviant behavior of the sentenced to life in prison.
 Methodology, methods. The results of the research are based on the implementation of the different scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis, as well as systematic and comparative methods.
 Results. In the process of research, the author has analyzed existing theories of the deviant behavior of prisoners, the norms of the criminal law and correctional law, and eventually offered a definition of the “termless incarceration”.