Priority View Research Articles

Work conditions, support, and changing personal priorities are perceived important for return to work and for stay at work after stroke – a qualitative study

Purpose To explore work related and personal facilitators and barriers for return to work (RTW) and stay at work after stroke. Materials and methods Twenty individuals post-stroke (median age 52 years; seven women) were interviewed in focus groups. Data were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Results An overall theme “Work conditions, support and changed personal priorities influenced RTW and stay at work after stroke” emerged and covered three categories: “Adjustments and flexibility at the work place facilitated RTW and a sustainable work situation”, “Psychosocial support and knowledge about stroke consequences facilitated work and reduced stress”, and “Changed view of work and other personal priorities”. Physical adjustments at the work place and flexibility in the work schedule were perceived facilitators. Support from family and colleagues were important, whereas lack of knowledge of stroke disabilities at the work place was perceived a barrier. Also changed personal priorities in relation to the work and the current life situation influenced RTW in various ways. Conclusions The individual’s opportunities to influence the work situation is a key factor for RTW and the ability to stay at work after stroke. Adjustments, flexibility, support, knowledge of stroke, and receptivity to a changed view of work are important for a sustainable work situation. Implications for rehabilitation Physical adjustments at the work place, a flexible work schedule and support increase the individual’s possibility to RTW and maintain a sustainable work situation after stroke. Changed work and life priorities after a stroke need attention in the RTW process. Rehabilitation professionals have an important role in providing knowledge about the disabilities following stroke, and how they impact work ability. Individually tailored recommendations for work place adjustments which enable RTW and a sustainable work situation are warranted.

Enzyme classification and the entanglement of values and epistemic standards

This paper investigates the case of enzyme classification to evaluate different ideals for regulating values in science. I show that epistemic and non-epistemic considerations are inevitably and untraceably entangled in enzyme classification, and argue that this has significant implications for the two main kinds of views on values in science, namely, Epistemic Priority Views and Joint Satisfaction Views. More precisely, I argue that the case of enzyme classification poses a problem for the usability and descriptive accuracy of these two views. The paper ends by suggesting that these two views provide different but complementary perspectives, and that both are useful for evaluating values in science.

Telic Priority: Prioritarianism’s Impersonal Value

Abstract I develop the recent claim that prioritarianism, and not only its egalitarian competitors, must be committed to an impersonal outcome value (i. e. a value that makes a distribution better even if this does not affect anyone’s welfare). This value, that I label telic priority and that consists in the goodness of benefits going to the worst off recipients, implies implausible judgments that more than compete with ‘pure’ (Parfit) egalitarianism’s applause in leveling down scenarios. ‘Pure prioritarianism’, an axiological theory that would consist in an unqualified commitment to telic priority only, must therefore be developed into a pluralist version of the priority view. Contra Parfit, prioritarianism and egalitarianism are on a par concerning the relationship between their pure (and implausible) formulations and their pluralist (and plausible) versions. The final section explains why telic priority always assigns preference to the worst-off (and not merely to the worse-off).

Effect of Credit Management Policy on Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria

The study examines the effect of credit policy management on financial performance of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex post facto research design and used content analysis of corporate financial statements to extract relevant data from sampled firms for the period 2016 to 2019. The population of the study consisted of all listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Findings of the study indicate that cash conversion cycle has a negative but not significant association with financial performance. The study further revealed that average collection period has a positive and significant association with financial performance while debt equity ratio has a positive but insignificant relationship with financial performance. The study concludes that good credit management policy enhance financial performance of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria and recommends that companies particularly the consumer goods companies should establish credit management policies that clearly outline the management’s view of organization priorities on profitability. KEYWORDS : Credit Management, Cash Conversion Cycle, Average Collection Period, Debt Ratio, Financial Performance DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-10-17 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Strategic priorities for the development of public-private partnership of Kyzylorda region

Public-private partnerships as a form of cooperation between business and government have competitiveadvantages in the social sectors, where, as is known, market failures are observed to a greaterextent than in other sectors of the economy. Administrative resource and public investment expandresource capabilities, reduce business risks, motivating its activity. The aim of this paper is to studythe scientifically based methodological tools of public-private partnerships in solving the problems ofregional development. The article discusses the legal forms and ways of implementing public-privatepartnerships in the public interest by pooling the resources and experience of each of the parties, implementingsocially significant projects with the lowest risks, provided that quality services are provided. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that its main conclusions can be used by authoritiesin the development of budgetary characteristics, regulatory support, and public-private partnershipdevelopment programs, taking into account priorities in the economic development of the region.The interaction of the authorities with business structures during the implementation of measures insocial development projects improves their quality.Research methodology. In the presented study, various methods were used, including the methodof structural, comparative, as well as economic and statistical analysis, the synthesis of theoretical andpractical material.Conclusions and practical recommendations made it possible to expand the theoretical base of researchin the field of economic development management in the region through the implementation ofpublic-private partnerships.The proposed method of ranking potentially presented projects of public-private partnership, implementedon the regional level, aimed at improving the effectiveness of implementation of managementdecisions affecting the economic development of the region, not from the point of view of recoupment,and from the point of view of feasibility or priority of the project where in the system the performanceindicators of the efficiency of state-private partnership introduced the basic criteria.

The Case for Proto-Mark

The Case for Proto-Mark

Americans’ Opinions on Juvenile Justice: Preferred Aims, Beliefs About Juveniles, and Blended Sentencing

Feld asserts that juvenile justice is entering a new era, one that is based on the idea that kids are different from adults in a number of important ways. It is against this backdrop that we conducted a contemporary, national assessment of the public’s views of youth today and juvenile justice policy priorities, focusing specifically on an understudied policy, juvenile-blended sentencing. We find the public holds pessimistic views of youth today, which influences their support for blended sentencing. Support for blended sentencing is also found to be related to belief in the potential consequences of such a sentence as well as belief in the importance of the goals of juvenile justice.

Implicit bias and social schema: a transactive memory approach

To what extent should we focus on implicit bias in order to eradicate persistent social injustice? Structural prioritizers argue that we should focus less on individual minds than on unjust social structures, while equal prioritizers think that both are equally important. This article introduces the framework of transactive memory into the debate to defend the equal priority view. The transactive memory framework helps us see how structure can emerge from individual interactions as an irreducibly social product. If this is right, then debiasing interventions are structural interventions. One upshot is that the utility of the individual versus structural distinction is not apparent for the purposes of intervention.

Mutually supportive or trade-offs: An analysis of competitive priorities in the emerging economy of India

To refine the theories of operations strategy, we need research from all different situational contexts, including different countries—both developing and developed. There have been many studies, including some replications, done in various parts of the world to further the debate on whether competitive priorities are mutually supportive or if they present potential trade-offs, but hardly any from a rapidly growing economy, such as India. This study is a significant attempt in that direction. After a thorough review of the literature, a set of hypotheses is introduced to test whether Indian manufacturers view competitive priorities as mutually supportive or trade-offs. The data from over 150 high-ranking individuals from over 75 manufacturers in India is used to test the hypotheses by way of cluster analysis and ANOVA. The resultant taxonomy reveals patterns that uniquely represent Indian manufacturers' view of the competitive priorities, namely quality, flexibility, delivery and price. The study findings have significant managerial implications, both for India and other developing as well as developed economies. The taxonomy will serve to gauge India's manufacturers' role in the world. From a researcher's perspective, this study makes a significant contribution to theory development, furthers our understanding of the strategic role of operations, moves forward the ongoing debate on the topic of trade-offs or complementarity, and paves the way for future studies in this topical area.

Modulation of Cancer Metabolism by Phytochemicals - A Brief Overview.

Despite tremendous research efforts for effective therapies, cancer remains the plague of the century and its burden is expected to increase worldwide in the near future. Metabolic reprogramming is a firmly established hallmark of all cancers, regardless of their cellular or tissue origin, being a prerequisite for both tumor growth and invasion. Functional dependence of tumors on glycolysis and glutaminolysis and the crucial contribution of mitochondria to the tumor bioenergetic versatility are well recognized features and established therapeutic targets. The complex landscape of tumor metabolism in the context of the dynamic, bidirectional crosstalk with its stromal environment is a rapidly evolving field that increasingly supports the view of cancer both as metabolic disease and a disease of impaired cellular 'communication'. Many of the approved anticancer drugs are derived from natural sources and the search of novel drug candidates is still a priority view the rapid development of chemoresistance. Phytochemicals are biologically active plant compounds with preventive and/or curative anticancer properties able to potentiate the effects of standard therapies while decreasing their toxicity via multitarget modulatory effects. The present mini-review will briefly summarize the hallmarks of metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells and the phytochemicals that have been reported to modulate the dysregulated metabolism of tumor and its environment, with special emphasis on triterpenes.

Multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation in emergency logistics: a view of utility, priority and economic principles

Multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation in emergency logistics: a view of utility, priority and economic principles

Multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation in emergency logistics: a view of utility, priority and economic principles

This study presents a multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation with a utility-priority-economy allocation strategy. This strategy is suitable for a multi-depot and multiple affected area emergency logistics system. This proposed allocation strategy comprises three principles, namely utility, priority and economic. First, according to the analysis of the three principles, three objectives were set as the total utility of allocated emergency materials, total satisfaction of emergency requirement and total cost of emergency material allocation. Secondly, the solution procedure for the proposed multi-objective optimisation model was designed on the basis of goal programming. Thirdly, the model and the solution procedure were evaluated with a simulation case from the Wenchuan Earthquake. Results confirm that this model and solution procedure can effectively address emergency material allocation problems with a more reasonable solution.

Research Priorities for Healthcare Chaplaincy: Views of U.S. Chaplains

Chaplains in the United States and around the world appear to support an evidence-based practice approach to chaplaincy. While there continues to be strong growth in spiritual care research, several spiritual care researchers have stressed the need for a research agenda for chaplaincy. This study investigated the research priorities of chaplains who completed a survey distributed at four chaplaincy conferences in 2016. A total of 193 chaplains responded, resulting in 499 comments. When compared to the findings of existing literature regarding research priorities for chaplaincy, chaplain’s views of research priorities appear to be very consistent with views of chaplaincy leaders. Both prioritize research on outcomes of spiritual care, the development and testing of the effectiveness of interventions, the development and evaluation of assessment and screening tools and research about key subgroups of patients. The chaplains in the survey however added to the agenda research regarding competencies, education, and certification and research regarding the chaplain and the team.

Forming perceptions and the limits to public participation on ocean commons: evidence from a citizens jury workshop

This article presents data from a citizens jury-inspired deliberative workshop held to tease out stakeholder views of management priorities for a section of the North Sea: the Dogger Bank. As this article reveals, the lessons learned from the Dogger Bank workshop advocate not simply what is required for managing one particular ocean commons, but also highlight some of the public participation research design failings, taking public participation in resource management further by adding to the literature and theoretical discussions on the public sphere. Analysis of the citizens jury-inspired deliberative workshop also highlights the critical issue of power inherent, yet often unacknowledged, in public participation in environmental management. Stakeholder opinions uncovered through workshop discussions also show how commons are viewed today – as an economic resource-- highlighting the trend of the mainstreaming of the commodification of the commons.

THE PRIORITY VIEW

Abstract:According to the priority view, or prioritarianism, it matters more to benefit people the worse off they are. But how exactly should the priority view be defined? This article argues for a highly general characterization which essentially involves risk, but makes no use of evaluative measurements or the expected utility axioms. A representation theorem is provided, and when further assumptions are added, common accounts of the priority view are recovered. A defence of the key idea behind the priority view, the priority principle, is provided. But it is argued that the priority view fails on both ethical and conceptual grounds.

Политика идентичности и идентичность в политике: этнонациональные ракурсы, европейский контекст

Identity politics are a key sphere of public policy. The paper focuses on the changes in the politics of identity pursued by the contemporary nation–state, its agenda and its possibilities, limits and risks. The transformations in the mechanisms of civic identity formation on the nation–state level are conditioned by a wave of “new nationalism” in countries with a strong civic tradition and a relatively high level of social welfare. Federalization, decentralization and devolution currently under way in Europe reflect the ethnic dimension of contemporary politics promoting language, religious, economic or cultural issues. Nation-building trajectories tend to vary as they fail to comply with the “universal” nation-state model, and the essence of the nation itself is questioned in the changing social environment. Today a key priority of identity politics pursued by the state is managing diversity in multicultural and, more often than not – divided societies. A comparative study of three cases of interethnic tensions regulation in European countries with ethnic minorities enjoying a different political, economic and cultural status indicates that the contemporary model of civic consensus supported by the nation-state is undergoing a deep transformation. These changes are due to the formation of new multilevel political spaces and to the growing demand for regulating interethnic conflict in a world of rapidly increasing migration inflows and reaffirming ethnic identities. Welfare, cultural policies and political and economic levels of autonomy (devolution) are key spheres of contention in countries with sustainable democratic political institutions. Alongside with the innovative development of territories, including those where minority groups are present, effective instruments for lowering the level of interethnic tension appear to be, as this study indicates, a common view of development priorities shared by the territorial (local) community and a positive alignment of civic and ethnic identities in day–to–day communications. “Active citizenship” constitutes an important part of civic identity. The consolidating basis of the modern nation, the foundation of civic concord is public commitment to the development of the national community.

The 7th Workshop on Active Internet Measurements (AIMS7) Report

On 31 March - 2 April 2015, CAIDA hosted the seventh Workshop on Active Internet Measurements (AIMS-7) as part of our series of Internet Statistics vand Metrics Analysis (ISMA) workshops. As with previous AIMS workshops, the goals were to further our understanding of the potential and limitations of active measurement research and infrastructure in the wide-area Internet, and to promote cooperative solutions and coordinated strategies between academics, industry, policymakers, and funding agencies. This report describes topics discussed at the workshop, including current state of Ark and related infrastructure, current and proposed experiments using these infrastructures, and participants' views of challenges and priorities. Materials related to the workshop are at http://www.caida.org/workshops/aims/1503/.

Defending Priority Views from the Gunk/Junk Argument

Recently, Jonathan Tallant has argued that we should reject priority views, which hold that some objects are fundamental and others are dependent. Tallant’s argument relies on two proposed mereological possibilities: a gunky world, where everything has a proper part, and a junky world, where everything is a proper part. In this paper, I criticise Tallant’s argument and argue that neither of these possibilities threaten priority views per se; at most, they threaten only particular forms of priority views that contain a certain independently controversial assumption. First, I defend priority pluralism against the gunk argument: the genuine conceivability of gunk can be plausibly doubted on the basis of a certain principle concerning metaphysical possibility, and even if this principle is false, the possibility of a gunky world poses no devastative problem for pluralism per se because it can be considered to be consistent with nonatomism. Second, I defend priority monism against the junk argument: the possibility of a junky world poses no devastative problem for monism per se because it can be considered to be consistent with nonholism in a twofold sense. Finally, I show that even monism as defined as genuinely holistic can be plausibly defended against the junk argument once the claim of the possible nonexistence of the maximal whole is reinterpreted based on the priority-based conception of existence.

Practice-Based Research Priorities for Palliative Care: Results From a Research-to-Practice Consensus Workshop.

We employed the research-to-practice consensus workshop (RTP; workshops held in New York City and Tompkins County, New York, in 2013) model to merge researcher and practitioner views of translational research priorities in palliative care. In the RTP approach, a diverse group of frontline providers generates a research agenda for palliative care in collaboration with researchers. We have presented the major workshop recommendations and contrasted the practice-based research priorities with those of previous consensus efforts. We uncovered notable differences and found that the RTP model can produce unique insights into research priorities. Integrating practitioner-identified needs into research priorities for palliative care can contribute to addressing palliative care more effectively as a public health issue.

CONCERNS FOR THE POORLY OFF IN ORDERING RISKY PROSPECTS

Abstract:The Distribution View provides a model that integrates four distributional concerns in the evaluation of risky prospects. Starting from these concerns, we can generate an ordering over a set of risky prospects, or, starting from an ordering, we can extract a characterization of the underlying distributional concerns. Separability of States and/or Persons for multiple-person risky prospects, for single-person risky prospects and for multiple-person certain prospects are discussed within the model. The Distribution View sheds light on public health policies and provides a framework for the discussion of Parfit's Priority View for risky prospects.