Priority Research Program Research Articles

Hybridization Effects Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy in Heavy-Fermion Ce2IrIn8**Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos 2016YFA0401000, 2015CB921300, 2016YFA0300303, 2016YFA0401002 and 2017YFA0303103, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11674371, 11774401 and 11874330, the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB07000000, and

We utilize high-resolution resonant angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the band structure and hybridization effect of the heavy-fermion compound Ce2IrIn8. We observe a nearly flat band at the binding energy of 7 meV below the coherent temperature , which characterizes the electrical resistance maximum and indicates the onset temperature of hybridization. However, the Fermi vector and the Fermi surface volume have little change around Tcoh, which challenges the widely believed evolution from a high-temperature small Fermi surface to a low-temperature large Fermi surface. Our experimental results of the band structure fit well with the density functional theory plus dynamic mean-field theory calculations.

Two-dimensional XSe2 (X= Mn, V) based magnetic tunneling junctions with high Curie temperature**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61571415 and 61622406), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0207500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB30000000), and Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic crystals have attracted great attention due to their emerging new physical phenomena. They provide ideal platforms to study the fundamental physics of magnetism in low dimensions. In this research, magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) based on XSe2 (X=Mn, V) with room-temperature ferromagnetism were studied using first-principles calculations. A large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of 725.07% was obtained in the MTJs based on monolayer MnSe2. Several schemes were proposed to improve the TMR of these devices. Moreover, the results of our non-equilibrium transport calculations showed that the large TMR was maintained in these devices under a finite bias. The transmission spectrum was analyzed according to the orbital components and the electronic structure of the monolayer XSe2 (X=Mn, V). The results in this paper demonstrated that the MTJs based on a 2D ferromagnet with room-temperature ferromagnetism exhibited reliable performance. Therefore, such devices show the possibility for potential applications in spintronics.

Discriminating schizophrenia using recurrent neural network applied on time courses of multi-site FMRI data.

BackgroundCurrent fMRI-based classification approaches mostly use functional connectivity or spatial maps as input, instead of exploring the dynamic time courses directly, which does not leverage the full temporal information.MethodsMotivated by the ability of recurrent neural networks (RNN) in capturing dynamic information of time sequences, we propose a multi-scale RNN model, which enables classification between 558 schizophrenia and 542 healthy controls by using time courses of fMRI independent components (ICs) directly. To increase interpretability, we also propose a leave-one-IC-out looping strategy for estimating the top contributing ICs.FindingsAccuracies of 83·2% and 80·2% were obtained respectively for the multi-site pooling and leave-one-site-out transfer classification. Subsequently, dorsal striatum and cerebellum components contribute the top two group-discriminative time courses, which is true even when adopting different brain atlases to extract time series.InterpretationThis is the first attempt to apply a multi-scale RNN model directly on fMRI time courses for classification of mental disorders, and shows the potential for multi-scale RNN-based neuroimaging classifications.FundNatural Science Foundation of China, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Institutes of Health Grants, National Science Foundation.

Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

The epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa is poorly understood. We aimed to provide a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of C trachomatis infection in the Middle East and north Africa. We did a systematic review of C trachomatis infection as well as a meta-analysis and meta-regression of C trachomatis prevalence. We searched PubMed and Embase, as well as regional and national databases up to March 13, 2019, using broad search terms with no language or year restrictions. Any document or report including biological measures for C trachomatis prevalence or incidence was eligible for inclusion. We extracted all measures of current (genital or rectal), recent, and ever infection with C trachomatis. We estimated pooled average prevalence in different populations using random-effects meta-analysis. Factors associated with prevalence and sources of between-study heterogeneity were determined using meta-regression. We identified a total of 1531 citations, of which 255 reports contributed to 552 C trachomatis prevalence measures from 20 countries. No incidence measures were identified. Pooled prevalence of current genital infection was 3·0% (95% CI 2·3-3·8) in general populations, 2·8% (1·0-5·2) in intermediate-risk populations, 13·2% (7·2-20·7) in female sex workers, 11·3% (9·0-13·7) in infertility clinic attendees, 12·4% (7·9-17·7) in women with miscarriage, 12·4% (9·4-15·7) in symptomatic women, and 17·4% (12·5-22·8) in symptomatic men. Pooled prevalence of current rectal infection was 7·7% (4·2-12·0) in men who have sex with men. Substantial between-study heterogeneity was found. Multivariable meta-regression explained 29·0% of variation. Population type was most strongly associated with prevalence. Additional associations were found with assay type, sample size, country, and sex, but not with sampling methodology or response rate (about 90% of studies used convenience sampling and >75% had unclear response rate). There was no evidence for temporal variation in prevalence between 1982 and 2018. C trachomatis prevalence in the Middle East and north Africa is similar to other regions, but higher than expected given its sexually conservative norms. High prevalence in infertility clinic attendees and in women with miscarriage suggests a potential role for C trachomatis in poor reproductive health outcomes in this region. National Priorities Research Program from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).

Large Fragment Deletions Induced by Cas9 Cleavage While Not in BEs System in Rabbit

CRISPR-Cas9 and BEs system are poised to become the gene editing tool of choice in clinical contexts, however large fragment deletion was found in Cas9-mediated mutation cells without animal level validation. By analyzing 16 gene-edited rabbit lines (including 112 rabbits) generated using SpCas9, BEs, xCas9 and xCas9-BEs with long-range PCR genotyping and long-read sequencing by PacBio platform, we show that extending thousands of bases fragment deletions in single-guide RNA/Cas9 and xCas9 system mutation rabbit, but few large deletions were found in BEs-induced mutation rabbits. We firstly validated that no large fragment deletion induced by BEs system at animal level, suggesting that BE systems can be beneficial tools for the further development of highly accurate and secure gene therapy for the clinical treatment of human genetic disorders. Funding Statement: This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research (2017YFA0105101). The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16030501, XDA16030503), Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project (2014B020225003). China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2019T120236, 2018M641784). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: All animal studies were conducted according to the experimental practices and standards approved by the Animal Welfare and Research Ethics Committee at Jilin University.

Quasihole Tunneling in Disordered Fractional Quantum Hall Systems**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11674282, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB28000000, and the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB921101.

Fractional quantum Hall systems are often described by model wave functions, which are the ground states of pure systems with short-range interaction. A primary example is the Laughlin wave function, which supports Abelian quasiparticles with fractionalized charge. In the presence of disorder, the wave function of the ground state is expected to deviate from the Laughlin form. We study the disorder-driven collapse of the quantum Hall state by analyzing the evolution of the ground state and the single-quasihole state. In particular, we demonstrate that the quasihole tunneling amplitude can signal the fractional quantum Hall phase to insulator transition.

Magnetic Sensing inside a Diamond Anvil Cell via Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins**Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB921103, the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No 2016YFA0401503, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB28000000, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11574386, 11575288

The diamond anvil cell-based high-pressure technique is a unique tool for creating new states of matter and for understanding the physics underlying some exotic phenomena. In situ sensing of spin and charge properties under high pressure is crucially important but remains technically challenging. While the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising quantum sensor under extreme conditions, its spin dynamics and the quantum control of its spin states under high pressure remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate coherent control, spin relaxation, and spin dephasing measurements for ensemble NV centers up to 32.8 GPa. With this in situ quantum sensor, we investigate the pressure-induced magnetic phase transition of a micron-size permanent magnet Nd2Fe14B sample in a diamond anvil cell, with a spatial resolution of ∼2 μm, and sensitivity of ∼20 μT/Hz1/2. This scheme could be generalized to measure other parameters such as temperature, pressure and their gradients under extreme conditions. This will be beneficial for frontier research of condensed matter physics and geophysics.

Comparison of ITG and TEM Microturbulence in DIII–D Tokamak**Supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program under Grant Nos 2018YFE0304100, 2017YFE0301300 and 2018YFE0311300, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11675257, 11675256, 11875067, 11835016 and 11705275, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB16010300, the Key Research Program of Frontier

Microturbulence excited by ion temperature gradient (ITG)-dominant and trapped electron mode (TEM)-dominant instabilities is compared in the fusion plasmas using gyrokinetic simulations based on the realistic equilibrium data from DIII–D discharges. Collisions make a difference between two plasmas and give rise to similar results to those found in previous research experiments [Chin. Phys. Lett. 35 (2018) 105201]. The mode structures and frequency spectrum of the most unstable modes characterized by the ITG-dominant and TEM-dominant instabilities are excited in the lower and higher Te plasmas in the linear simulations. In the nonlinear simulations, contour plots of the perturbed potential are shown in the saturated stage, with the radial correlation lengths being microscopic on the order of the ion thermal gyroradius ρi in both the ITG and the TEM microturbulences. The dominant mode wavelengths of the perturbed potential increase when evolving from linear to nonlinear stages in both simulations, with the fluctuation energy spreading from the linearly dominant modes to the nonlinearly dominant modes. The radial correlation lengths are about 4ρi and the electron density fluctuation intensities are about 0.85% in the nonlinear saturated stage, which are in agreement with the experimental results.

Tunable coupling between Xmon qubit and coplanar waveguide resonator**Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0304300 and 2016YFA0300600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11725419 and 11434008), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB28000000).

Realization of a flexible and tunable coupling scheme among qubits is critical for scalable quantum information processing. Here, we design and characterize a tunable coupling element based on Josephson junction, which can be adapted to an all-to-all connected circuit architecture where multiple Xmon qubits couple to a common coplanar waveguide resonator. The coupling strength is experimentally verified to be adjustable from 0 MHz to about 40 MHz, and the qubit lifetime can still be up to in the presence of the coupling element.

Fatty-Acid Receptor CD36 Functions As a Hydrogen Sulfide-Targeting Receptor with Its Cys333-Cys272 Disulfide Bond Serving As a Specific Molecular Switch to Accelerate Gastric Cancer Metastasis

Background: There is a large body of evidence suggesting that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in cancer metastasis; however, the molecular mechanisms of H2S-mediated acceleration of cancer metastasis remain unknown. Methods: We used RNA-sequencing to identify potential differences in gene expression in vitro. Using mass spectrometry, we identified a disulfide complex within CD36 that was labile to H2S-mediated modification. Targeting CD36 in vivo blocked H2S-promoted gastric cancer (GC) metastasis and improved animal survival. Tumor patients' samples were used for clinical translational significance evaluation. Findings: H2S triggered lipid metabolism reprogramming by significantly up-regulating the expression of the fatty-acid receptor CD36 and directly activating CD36 in GC cells. Mechanistically, a disulfide bond located between cysteine (Cys)333 and Cys272 within the CD36 protein structure that was labile to H2S-mediated modification. The long chain-fatty acid (LC-FA) binding pocket was capped by a turn in the CD36 protein, located between helical and sheet structures that were stabilized by the Cys333-Cys272. This limited the secondary binding between LC-FAs and lysine (Lys)334. Breaking the Cys333-Cys272 disulfide bond restored the second LC-FA binding conformation of CD36. Interpretation: CD36 gene transcription and CD36 subcellular recycling formed a positive feedback loop, and this disulfide bond within CD36 acted as a special molecular for this positive feedback. H2S opened the switch and induced LC-FA-mediated signaling, thus accelerating the metastasis of GC. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of CD36 function could be harnessed as an anti-metastasis therapeutic strategy. Therefore, we propose an effective strategy for anti-metastasis by blocking CD36. Funding: This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (1312JC1408402 for Zhirong Wang). Declaration of Interest: All authors have no potential conflicts of interest. Ethical Approval: This animal study was conducted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University (Shanghai, P.R. China). Informed consent was approved by the Ethics Committees of Tongji Hospital and all subjects gave written informed consent.

Electron-Electron Collision Term Describing the Reflections Induced Scattering in a Magnetized Plasma**Supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program under Grant No 2018YFE0311300, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11875067, 11835016, 11705275, 11675257 and 11675256, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB16010300, the Key Research Program of Frontier Science

For an electron-electron collision with characteristic scale length larger than the relative gyro-radius of the two colliding electrons, when the initial relative parallel kinetic energy cannot surmount the Coulomb repulsive potential, reflection will occur with interchange of the parallel velocities of the two electrons after the collision. The Fokker–Planck approach is employed to derive the electron collision term describing parallel velocity scattering due to the reflections for a magnetized plasma where the average electron gyro-radius is much smaller than the Debye length but much larger than the Landau length. The electron parallel velocity friction and diffusion coefficients due to the reflections are evaluated, which are found not to depend on the electron perpendicular velocity. By studying the temporal evolution of the H quantity due to , it is found that eventually makes the system relax to a state in which the electron parallel velocity distribution is decoupled from the perpendicular velocity distribution.

Secular Motion Frequencies of 9Be+ Ions and 40Ca+ Ions in Bi-component Coulomb Crystals**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91636216, 11504410 and 11474317, and the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB21020200.

We obtain bi-component Coulomb crystals using laser-cooled 40Ca+ ions to sympathetically cool 9Be+ ions in a linear Paul trap. The shell structures of the bi-component Coulomb crystals are investigated. The secular motion frequencies of the two different ions are determined and compared with those in the single-component Coulomb crystals. In the radial direction, the resonant motion frequencies of the two ionic species shift toward each other due to the strong motion coupling in the ion trap. In the axial direction, the motion frequency of the laser-cooled 40Ca+ is impervious to the sympathetically cooled 9Be+ ions because the spatially separation of the two different ionic species leads to the weak motion coupling in the axial direction.

Constraints on H0 from WMAP and BAO Measurements**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11690021, 11575271, and 11747601; the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos. XDB23000000 and XDA15020701; and Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China

We report the constraints of H0 obtained from Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 9-year data combined with the latest baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements. We use the BAO measurements from 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS), the SDSS DR7 main galaxies sample (MGS), the BOSS DR12 galaxies, and the eBOSS DR14 quasars. Adding the recent BAO measurements to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from WMAP, we constrain cosmological parameters Ωm = 0.298 ± 0.005, , in a spatially flat Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model, and Ωm = 0.302 ± 0.008, H0 = 67.63 ± 1.30 km ⋅ s−1 ⋅ Mpc−1, in a spatially flat wCDM model, respectively. Our measured H0 results prefer a value lower than 70 km ⋅ s−1 ⋅ Mpc−1, consistent with the recent data on CMB constraints from Planck (2018), but in 3.1 and 3.5σ tension with local measurements of SH0ES (2018) in ΛCDM and wCDM framework, respectively. Our results indicate that there is a systematic tension on the Hubble constant between SH0ES and the combination of CMB and BAO datasets.

Putting Stem Cells on a Low-Fat Diet Switches Their Pluripotent State.

Previous work demonstrating the importance of stem cell metabolism in regulating development ignited a debate on how intrinsic versus extrinsic conditions influence metabolic programming of epigenetics. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Cornacchia etal. show that exogenous lipids regulate an acetyl-CoA-dependent switch to influence the intrinsic pluripotent state of hPSCs.

P1‐383: APOE‐ε4 IS ASSOCIATED WITH LESS ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX AND INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS THICKNESS IN LATE‐ONSET AD

The ApoE-ε4 is a well-proven genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, how the epsilon4 allele contributes to disease pathophysiology and the relationship between clinical phenotype are still unclear. This study is aim to explore the association between ApoE-ε4 and regional cortical thickness and brain volume in LOAD to better understand the effect of ApoE-ε4 on LOAD. Patients diagnosed with probable AD by NIA-AA 2011 criteria were recruited from Dementia Clinic in Pecking Union Medical College Hospital. Patients with initial symptoms developed after age of 65 were included. Data including basic population information, history, physical examination, psychological assessment, MRI and ApoE genotype were collected. Using T1-weight imaging, regional cortical thickness and brain volume of whole cerebral were analyzed by DR.BRAIN software. Multiple linear regression models were applied for analyze factors including ApoE-ε4 and disease severity(reflected by ADL score) of affecting the separate regional cortical thickness. 43 LOAD patients were included in this study. As for the analysis of regional cortical thickness: LOAD patient without ApoE-ε4 showed less cortical thickness compared to patients carrying ApoE-ε4 in left pars orbitalis(F(2,36)=3.811 (P<0.05), adjust R2=0.129), left rostral anterior cingulate(F(2,36)=6.078 (P<0.05), adjust R2=0.211), left caudal anterior cingulate(F(2,36)=5.561 (P<0.05), adjust R2=0.194), right pars triangularis (F(2,36)=3.390 (P<0.05), adjust R2=0.112) and right isthmus cingulate cortex thickness (F(2,36)=3.390 (P<0.05), adjust R2=0.120). As for the analysis of regional brain volume: LOAD patient without ApoE-ε4 showed less atrophy compared to patients carrying ApoE-ε4 in left caudal anterior cingulate (F(2,36)=3.589 (P<0.05), adjust R2=0.120), left paracentral (F(2,36)=6.580 (P<0.05), adjust R2=0.227) regions. We found less cortical thickness in bilateral anterior cingulate and inferior frontal gyrus and less atrophy in left caudal anterior cingulate and paracentral regions are associated with the absence of ApoE-ε4 in LOAD patients. These data suggest a region-specific biological effect of the e4 allele in the brains of LOAD patients. This work was supported by CAMS Innovation fund for medical sciences (2016-I2M-1-004), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81550021), 13th Five year National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1306300), The strategic priority research program (Pilot study)”biological basis of aging and therapeutic strategies” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDPB10).

High quality NbTiN films fabrication and rapid thermal annealing investigation**Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program B (Grant No. XDB07010300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11674376).

NbTiN thin films are good candidates for applications including single-photon detector, kinetic inductance detector, hot electron bolometer, and superconducting quantum computing circuits because of their favorable characteristics, such as good superconducting properties and easy fabrication. In this work, we systematically investigated the growth of high-quality NbTiN films with different thicknesses on Si substrates by reactive DC-magnetron sputtering method. After optimizing the growth conditions, such as the gas pressure, Ar/N2 mixture ratio, and sputtering power, we obtained films with excellent superconducting properties. A high superconducting transition temperature of 15.5 K with narrow transition width of 0.03 K was obtained in a film of 300 nm thickness with surface roughness of less than 0.2 nm. In an ultra-thin film of 5 nm thick, we still obtained a transition temperature of 7.6 K. In addition, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in atmosphere of nitrogen or nitrogen and hydrogen mixture was studied to improve the film quality. The results showed that Tc and crystal size of the NbTiN films were remarkably increased by RTA. For ultrathin films, the annealing in N2/H2 mixture had better effect than that in pure N2. The Tc of 10 nm films improved from 9.6 K to 10.3 K after RTA in N2/H2 mixture at 450 °C.

Scanning tunneling microscopic investigation on morphology of magnetic Weyl semimetal YbMnBi2**Project supported by the “Shuguang Program” from Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301003 and 2016YFA0300403), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11521404, 11634009, 11874256, 11574202, 11874258, 11790313, 11674226, U1632102, 11674222, and 11861161003), and the

YbMnBi2 is a recently discovered time-reversal-symmetry breaking type-II Weyl semimetal. However, as a representation of the new category of topological matters, the scanning tunneling microcopy (STM) results on such important material are still absent. Here, we report the STM investigations on the morphology of vacuum cleaved single crystalline YbMnBi2 samples. A hill and valley type of topography is observed on the YbMnBi2 surface, which is consistent with the non-layer nature of its crystal structure. Analysis of STM images yields the information of the index of the vicinal surface. Our results here lay a playground of future atomic scale research on YbMnBi2.

Evolution of incommensurate superstructure and electronic structure with Pb substitution in (Bi2−xPbx)Sr2CaCu2O8+δ superconductors**Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0300300 and 2017YFA0302900), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB07020300 and XDB25000000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11334010 and 11534007), and the

High-quality Bi2−xPbxSr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) single crystals have been successfully grown by the traveling solvent floating zone technique with a wide range of Pb substitution (x = 0–0.8). The samples are characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and measured by high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with different photon energies. A systematic evolution of the electronic structure and superstructure with Pb substitution has been revealed for the first time. The superstructure shows a significant change with Pb substitution and the incommensurate modulation vector () decreases with increasing Pb substitution. In the meantime, the superstructure intensity from ARPES measurements also decreases dramatically with increasing Pb concentration. The superstructure in Bi2212 can be effectively suppressed by Pb substitution and it nearly disappears with a Pb substitution of x=0.8. We also find that the superstructure bands in ARPES measurements depend sensitively on the photon energy of lasers used; they can become even stronger than the main band when using a laser photon energy of 10.897 eV. These results provide important information on the origin of the incommensurate superstructure and its control and suppression in bismuth-based high temperature superconductors.

THE OVERVIEW OF THE PLANETARY ATMOSPHERIC SPECTRAL TELESCOPE (PAST) IN THE SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM IN NEAR-SPACE (SENSE)

Abstract. To investigate mass transport and energy dissipation in space environments for solar system planet, a balloon-borne planetary atmospheric spectral telescope (PAST) is designed with 0.8-m aperture in spectral range from 280 nm to 680 nm will be floated at 35–40 km altitude to observe and investigate the global space environment of Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Jupiter. The telescope is designed by Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIOMP, CAS), and supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, that is the Scientific Experimental system in Near-SpacE (SENSE). The telescope is mainly supported by a Ritchey-Chrétien optical system which can achieve 0.5" angular resolution observation, and the optical system has the function of focusing and stabilizing. The telescope is combined with a two-dimension rotate platform to achieve planetary atmospheric imaging in long exposure time. This paper mainly introduces the PAST scheme briefly.

Ionic-Liquid-Gating Induced Protonation and Superconductivity in FeSe, FeSe0.93S0.07, ZrNCl, 1T-TaS2 and Bi2Se3**Work at RUC was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51872328, 11622437, 11574394, 11774423 and 11822412, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB30000000, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No 2016YFA0300504, the

We report protonation in several compounds by an ionic-liquid-gating method, under optimized gating conditions. This leads to single superconducting phases for several compounds. Non-volatility of protons allows post-gating magnetization and transport measurements. The superconducting transition temperature Tc is enhanced to 43.5 K for FeSe0.93S0.07, and 41 K for FeSe after protonation. Superconducting transitions with Tc ∼ 15 K for ZrNCl, ∼7.2 K for 1T-TaS2, and ∼3.8 K for Bi2Se3 are induced after protonation. Electric transport in protonated FeSe0.93S0.07 confirms high-temperature superconductivity. Our 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on protonated FeSe1−xSx reveal enhanced spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/1T1 with increasing x, which is consistent with the LDA calculations that H+ is located in the interstitial sites close to the anions.