Priority Research Program Research Articles

Mathematical Challenges for the Theory of Hyperbolic Balance Laws in Fluid Mechanics: Complexity, Scales, Randomness

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of hyperbolic balance laws is of paramount interest in the realm of fluid mechanics. Nevertheless, fundamental questions on the analysis and the numerics for distinctive hyperbolic features related to turbulent flow motion remain vastly open. Recent progress on the mathematical side reveals novel routes to face these concerns. This includes findings about the failure of the entropy principle to ensure uniqueness, the use of structure-preserving concepts in high-order numerical methods, and the advent of tailored probabilistic approaches. Whereas each of these three directions on hyperbolic modelling are of completely different origin they are all linked to small- or subscale features in the solutions which are either enhanced or depleted by the hyperbolic nonlinearity. Thus, any progress in the field might contribute to a deeper understanding of turbulent flow motion on the basis of the continuum-scale mathematical models. We present an overview on the mathematical state-of-the-art in the field and relate it to the scientific work in the DFG Priority Research Programme 2410. As such, the survey is not necessarily targeting at readers with comprehensive knowledge on hyperbolic balance laws but instead aims at a general audience of reseachers which are interested to gain an overview on the field and associated challenges in fluid mechanics.

PEPR DIADEM: Priority equipment and research program on the development of innovative materials using artificial intelligence

IntroductionThe quest to develop efficient, sustainable materials from non-critical, non-toxic resources is one of today's most formidable challenges in the current context of energy, transport, digital or healthcare transitions. In response, France launched the pioneering Priority Equipment and Research Program (PEPR) DIADEM in 2022. This innovative initiative, focused on DIscovery Acceleration for the Deployment of Emerging Materials (DIADEM), leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) to accelerate the innovation chain from conception to realization, revolutionizing Materials Science sustainably. With a strategic emphasis on scientific synergy, PEPR DIADEM aims to expedite the discovery and development of novel materials essential for contemporary and future societal challenges. To achieve this, the program seeks to catalyze breakthroughs in areas ranging from energy efficiency to transportation, digitalization, and healthcare, covering a broad spectrum of materials from metallic alloys to functional nanostructures. Aligned with the Green Deal framework's ambitious targets, PEPR DIADEM addresses the urgent need for accelerated sustainable materials research. By utilizing cutting-edge technologies like rapid synthesis and characterization tools, automation, digital simulations, data management, AI, additive manufacturing, and thin film engineering, the program is set to significantly reshape the materials science landscape. As PEPR DIADEM embarks on its journey of innovation, it not only advances scientific knowledge but also holds the promise of addressing current global challenges and paving the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future.

Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of dementia in current drinkers: linear and non-linear mendelian randomization analysis

Previous conventional epidemiological studies found a J-shape relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia, but this result was subject to confounding biases and reverse causation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential linear or non-linear causal association between alcohol consumption and the incident risk of dementia in current drinkers. This study used data from the UK Biobank to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia risk. 313,958 White British current drinkers, who were free of dementia during 2006-2010, were followed up until 2021. Alcohol consumption was self-reported and calculated according to the National Health Service guideline. The primary outcome was all-cause dementia identified through hospital and mortality records. We used multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines for conventional analysis and both non-linear and linear Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to assess causal relationships, employing a genetic score based on 95 SNPs identified from a meta-genome-wide association study of 941,280 people from Europe. 313,958 current drinkers consumed an average of 13.6 [IQR: 7.1-25.2] units/week alcohol (men averaged 20.2 [11.1-33.9] units/week and women 9.5 [5.3-16.7] units/week). During a mean follow-up of 13.2 years, 5394 (1.7%) developed dementia. Multivariable Cox model with restricted cubic spline functions identified a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia risk, with the lowest risk at 12.2 units/week. The non-linear MR failed to identify a significant non-linear causal relationship (p=0.45). Both individual-level (HR: 2.22 95%CI [1.06-4.66]) and summary-level (1.89 [1.53-2.32]) linear MR analyses indicated that higher genetically predicted alcohol consumption increased dementia risk. This study identified a positive linear causal relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia among current drinkers. The J-shaped association found in conventional epidemiological analysis was not supported by non-linear MR analyses. Our findings suggested that there was no safe level of alcohol consumption for dementia. The Shenzhen Science and Technology Program and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Form factor for Dalitz decays from J/ψ to light pseudoscalars* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11935017, 12293060, 12293065, 12293061, 12293062, 12293063, 12075253, 12192264, 12175063, 12205311, 12070131001 (CRC 110 by DFG and NNSFC)), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0406400), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030302). The Chroma software

We calculate the form factor for the Dalitz decay with being the SU( ) flavor singlet pseudoscalar meson. The difference among the partial widths at different can be attributed in part to the and quark mass dependences induced by the anomaly dominance. in both is well described by the single pole model . Combined with the known experimental results of the Dalitz decays , the pseudoscalar mass dependence of the pole parameter is approximated by with and . These results provide inputs for future theoretical and experimental studies on the Dalitz decays .

Remission to normal blood pressure in older adults with hypertension who did not receive antihypertensive medication: analysis of data from two longitudinal cohorts

How often hypertensive patients could achieve remission to normal blood pressure (BP) (i.e., <140/90mmHg) in the absence of antihypertensive drugs, which is important for the management of hypertension, remains largely unknown. This observational study aimed to investigate the change of BP in older adults with hypertension who did not take antihypertensive drugs and preliminarily examine whether the remission from hypertension to normal BP observed in this setting was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). 2760 participants aged 33-99 years (median 60 years, interquartile 54-68 years) from the Health and Retirement Study (wave 2006 to wave 2018) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (wave 1998 to wave 2016), who had no major CVD, were hypertensive, and were not on antihypertensive drugs at the time of baseline BP measurement, and had at least one follow-up BP measurement before which no antihypertensive drugs were taken, were included for analysis. The main outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved remission of hypertension at the last wave of measurement. During a median follow-up of six years, 52% of the participants showed a reduction of ≥6mmHg in systolic BP and 60% a reduction of ≥3mmHg in diastolic BP. 1171 participants (42%, 95% CI: 41-44%) achieved remission at the last measurement, and by that time 67%, 43%, and 29% of them had maintained the normotensive state for around 4, 8, and 12 years, respectively. Various supplementary analyses that aimed to examine the impact of chance and bias yielded similar results. Preliminary analyses showed that being non-smokers at baseline, achieving a normal body mass index during follow-up, and quitting alcohol drinking during follow-up, among others, were associated with the remission of hypertension. Compared with the participants who remained hypertensive, those who achieved remission had a lower CVD risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47-0.92). In many of this study population, hypertension could be reversed without the intervention of drug treatment in the first few years after diagnosis. This finding may have implications for more individualized management of hypertension. Further studies to identify the factors or algorithms predictive of such hypertension remission are warranted. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (7106452; 7105959),Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20190929172835662), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB 38040200), National Institute on Aging(R01AG017644; NIA U01AG009740).

Exploring the impact of anti-shadowing effect on unintegrated gluon distributions in the MD-BFKL equation* *Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030301), the Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province, China (2020B0301030008), the Education Department of Guizhou Province, China (QJJ[2022]016), and the Basic Research Program (Natural Science) of Guizhou Province, China

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the MD-BFKL equation, considering both shadowing and anti-shadowing effects in gluon recombination processes. By deriving analytical expressions for unintegrated gluon distributions through the solution of the MD-BFKL equation, with and without the incorporation of the anti-shadowing effect, we offer new insights into the influence of these effects on the behavior of unintegrated gluon distributions. Our results, when compared to those from the CT18NLO gluon distribution function, demonstrate that the anti-shadowing effect has a notably stronger impact on the characteristics of unintegrated gluon distributions, particularly in regions of high rapidity and momentum. This work significantly contributes to the understanding of gluon recombination mechanisms and their implications in high energy physics.

Ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group calculations for neutron-rich P, Cl, and K isotopes* *Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1606403), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205340, 12175281, 12347106, 12121005), the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China (22JR5RA123, 23JRRA614), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34000000), the Key Research

Neutron-rich P, Cl, and K isotopes, particularly those with neutron numbers of approximately , have attracted extensive experimental and theoretical interest. We utilize the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group approach, based on chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces, to investigate the exotic properties of these isotopes. Systematic calculations of the low-lying spectra are performed. A key finding is the level inversion between and states in odd-A isotopes, attributed to the inversion of and single-particle states. The ab initio calculations, which incorporate the three-nucleon forces, correlate closely with existing experimental data. Further calculations of effective proton single-particle energies provide deeper insights into the shell evolution for and sub-shells. Our results indicate that the three-body force plays important roles in the shell evolution for and sub-shells with neutron numbers ranging from 20 to 28. Additionally, systematic ab initio calculations are conducted for the low-lying spectra of odd-odd nuclei. The results correspond with experimental data and provide new insights for future research into these isotopes up to and beyond the drip line.

Time to Move Beyond a Binary Criterion for Gestational Diabetes?

Over the years, several international guidelines have been developed by specialist organizations for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, these guidelines vary and lack consensus on what level of glycemia defines GDM and worryingly, there is now evidence of over- or- under-diagnosis of women with GDM by current criteria. Towards this end, the National Priorities Research Program (NPRP) funded a program of research aimed at elucidating the problem with GDM diagnosis. It was determined, on completion of the project, that the solution required diagnosis of graded levels of dysglycemia in pregnancy and not just a diagnosis of presence or absence of GDM. A new diagnostic criterion (called the NPRP criterion) was created based on a single numerical summary of the three readings from the oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) that diagnosed women in pregnancy into four levels: normal, impaired, GDM and high risk GDM. This paper now examines existing GDM criteria vis-à-vis the NPRP criterion. It is noted that no significant change has happened over the years for existing criteria except for a gradual reduction in the threshold values of individual time-points or the number of time points, bringing us towards over-diagnosis of GDM in pregnancy. The new criterion unifies all readings from the GTT into one numerical value and, because it results in four levels of glycemia, represents a new way forwards for GDM diagnosis and can potentially reduce the rates of under diagnosis and over diagnosis of GDM.

Analysis of the gluon distribution with next-to-leading order splitting function at small-x* *Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12375073), the Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research in Guangdong Province (2020B0301030008), the Basic Research Program (Natural Science) of Guizhou Province, China(QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB027), and the Education

An approximated solution for the gluon distribution from DGLAP evolution equations with the NLO splitting function in the small-x limit is presented. We first obtain simplified forms of the LO and NLO splitting functions in the small-x limit. With these approximated splitting functions, we obtain the analytical gluon distribution using the Mellin transform. The free parameters in the boundary conditions are obtained by fitting the CJ15 gluon distribution data. We find that the asymptotic behavior of the gluon distribution is consistent with the CJ15 data; however, the NLO results considering the "ladder" structure of gluon emission are slightly better than the LO results. These results indicate that the corrections from NLO have a significant influence on the behavior of the gluon distribution in the small-x region. In addition, we investigate the DGLAP evolution of the proton structure function using the analytical solution of the gluon distribution. The differential structure function reveals that our results have a similar tendency to the CJ15 data at small-x.

Correlations of baryon and charge stopping in heavy ion collisions* *Supported in part by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030000) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1604900), the U.S. DOE Office of Science365 under contract (DE-SC0012704, DE-FG02-10ER41666, DE-AC02-98CH10886)

Baryon numbers are theorized to be carried by valence quarks in the standard QCD picture of the baryon structure. Another theory proposed an alternative baryon number carrier, a non-perturbative Y-shaped configuration of the gluon field, called the baryon junction in the 1970s. However, neither of these theories has been verified experimentally. Recently, searching for the baryon junction by investigating the correlation of net-charge and net-baryon yields at midrapidity in heavy-ion collisions has been suggested. This paper presents studies of such correlations in collisions of various heavy ions from oxygen to uranium with the UrQMD Monte Carlo model. The UrQMD model implements valence quark transport as the primary means of charge and baryon stopping at midrapidity. Detailed studies are also conducted for isobaric + and + collisions. We found a universal trend of charge stopping with respect to baryon stopping and discovered that the charge stopping is always greater than the baryon stopping. This study provides a model baseline in valence quark transport for what is expected in net-charge and net-baryon yields at the midrapidity of relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

Constipation preceding depression: a population-based cohort study

Constipation is generally considered a common physical symptom of depression or a side effect of antidepressant treatments. However, according to the gut-brain axis hypothesis, the association between depression and constipation might be bi-directional. This study investigated the association between premorbid constipation and depression. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from UK Biobank. Individuals free of depression between 2006 and 2010 were included. Constipation status was determined using diagnostic codes from electronic health records or a baseline questionnaire. Data on covariates, including socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, health conditions, and regular medication use, were also collected through a baseline questionnaire. The primary outcome is incident depression, which was extracted from hospital inpatient admissions, primary care, self-report, and death data from baseline to 2022. The secondary outcome is depressive symptoms, which was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) from an online survey in 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to assess the prospective association between constipation and incident depression. Logistic regression models were used to assess its association with depressive symptoms. Among the 449,459 participants included in the study, 18,596 (4.1%) experienced constipation at baseline, and 18,576 (4.1%) developed depression over a median follow-up period of 12.3 years. Premorbid constipation is associated with a 2.28-fold higher risk of depression. After adjusting the covariates, we found those with constipation still had a 48% higher risk of developing depression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.48; 95% CI, 1.41-1.56) than those without constipation. Self-reported and diagnosed constipation were both associated with a higher risk of depression, with the aHR being 1.42 (95% CI: 1.34-1.51) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.51-1.82), respectively. Participants with constipation were more likely to report depressive symptoms than people without (adjusted odds ratio 2.18; 95% CI, 1.97-2.43). These findings remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. Diagnosed and self-reported constipation are both prospectively associated with an elevated risk of depression. These explorative findings suggest that constipation may be an independent risk factor or a prodromal symptom of depression. Gastroenterologists and primary care physicians should pay more attention to the depressive symptoms of their constipation patients. The Shenzhen Science and Technology Program and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

A nanoluciferase SFTSV for rapid screening antivirals and real-time visualization of virus infection in mice

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, but no FDA-approved specific antivirals or vaccines are available to treat or prevent SFTS. The plasmids construction and transfection were performed to generate the recombinant SFTSV harboring the nanoluciferase gene (SFTSV-Nluc). Immunostaining plaque assay was performed to measure viral titers, and DNA electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were performed to evaluate the genetic stability. Luciferase assay and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals invitro. Bioluminescence imaging, titration of virus from excised organs, hematology, and histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals invivo. SFTSV-Nluc exhibited high genetic stability and replication kinetics similar to those of wild-type virus (SFTSVwt), then a rapid high-throughput screening system for identifying inhibitors to treat SFTS was developed, and a nucleoside analog, 4-FlU, was identified to effectively inhibit SFTSV invitro. SFTSV-Nluc mimicked the replication characteristics and localization of SFTSVwt in counterpart model mice. Bioluminescence imaging of SFTSV-Nluc allowed real-time visualization and quantification of SFTSV replication in the mice. 4-FlU was demonstrated to inhibit the replication of SFTSV with more efficiency than T-705 and without obvious adverse effect invivo. The high-throughput screening system based on SFTSV-Nluc for use invitro and invivo revealed that a safe and effective antiviral nucleoside analog, 4-FlU, may be a basis for the strategic treatment of SFTSV and other bunyavirus infections, paving the way for the discovery of antivirals. This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2021YFC2300700 to L. Zhang, 2022YFC2303300 to L. Zhang), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0490000 to L. Zhang), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970165 to L. Zhang, U22A20379 to G. Xiao), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21S11903100 to Y. Xie), Hubei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (2022CFA099 to L. Zhang).

Density-dependent relativistic mean field approach and its application to single-Λ hypernuclei in oxygen hyperisotopes* *Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Lanzhou University (lzujbky-2022-sp02, lzujbky-2023-stlt01), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11875152, 12275111), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34000000)

The in-medium feature of nuclear force, which includes both nucleon-nucleon () and hyperon-nucleon () interactions, impacts the description of single-Λ hypernuclei. With the alternated mass number or isospin of hypernuclei, such effects may be unveiled by analyzing the systematic evolution of the bulk and single-particle properties. From a density-dependent meson-nucleon/hyperon coupling perspective, a new effective interaction in the covariant density functional (CDF) theory, namely, DD-LZ1-, is obtained by fitting the experimental data of Λ separation energies for several single-Λ hypernuclei. It is then used to study the structure and transition properties of single-Λ hypernuclei in oxygen hyperisotopes, in comparison with those determined using several selected CDF Lagrangians. A discrepancy is explicitly observed in the isospin evolution of spin-orbit splitting with various effective interactions, which is attributed to the divergence of the meson-hyperon coupling strengths with increasing density. In particular, the density-dependent CDFs introduce an extra contribution to reduce the value but enhance the isospin dependence of the splitting, which originates from the rearrangement terms of Λ self-energies. In addition, the characteristics of hypernuclear radii are studied along the isotopic chain. Owing to the impurity effect of the Λ hyperon, a size shrinkage is observed in the matter radii of hypernuclei compared with the cores of normal nuclei, and its magnitude is further elucidated to correlate with the incompressibility of nuclear matter. Moreover, there is a sizable model-dependent trend in which the Λ hyperon radii evolve with neutron number, which is decided partly by the in-medium interactions and core polarization effects.

Double vitrification and warming does not compromise the chance of live birth after single unbiopsied blastocyst transfer.

Does double vitrification and thawing of an embryo compromise the chance of live birth after a single blastocyst transfer? The live birth rate (LBR) obtained after double vitrification was comparable to that obtained after single vitrification. Double vitrification-warming (DVW) is commonly practiced to accommodate surplus viable embryos suitable for transfer, to allow retesting of inconclusively diagnosed blastocysts in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), and to circumvent limitations associated with national policies on embryo culture in certain countries. Despite its popularity, the evidence concerning the impact of DVW practice on ART outcomes is limited and lacking credibility. This is the first thorough investigation of clinical pregnancy and LBR following DVW in the case where the first round of vitrification occurred at the zygote stage and the second round occurred at the blastocyst stage in the absence of biopsy. This is a retrospective observational analysis of n = 407 single blastocyst transfers whereby embryos created by IVF/ICSI were vitrified-warmed once (single vitrification-warming (SVW) n = 310) or twice (DVW, n = 97) between January 2017 and December 2021. In the SVW group, blastocysts were vitrified on Day 5/6 and warmed on the day of embryo transfer (ET). In the DVW group, two pronuclear (2PN) zygotes were first vitrified-warmed and then re-vitrified on Day 5/6 and warmed on the day of ET. Exclusion criteria were ETs from PGT and vitrified-warmed oocyte cycles. All of the ETs were single blastocyst transfers performed at the University Hospital Zurich in Switzerland following natural or artificial endometrial preparation. The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), and LBR were all comparable between the DVW and SVW groups. The CPR for DVW was 44.3% and for SVW it was 42.3% (P = 0.719). The LBR for DVW was 30.9% and for SVW it was 28.7% (P = 0.675). The miscarriage rate was additionally similar between the groups: 27.9% for DVW and 32.1% for SVW groups (P = 0.765). The study is limited by its retrospective nature. Caution should be taken concerning interpretation of these findings in cases where DVW occurs at different stages of embryo development. The result of the present study on DVW procedure provides a framework for counselling couples on their chance of clinical pregnancy per warming cycle. It additionally provides confidence and reassurance to laboratory professionals in certain countries where national policies limit embryo culture strategies making DVW inevitable. This work was supported by the University Research Priority Program 'Human Reproduction Reloaded' of the University of Zurich. The authors have no conflict of interest related to this study to declare. N/A.

Conflicted Analysts and Initial Coin Offerings

This paper studies the contribution of analysts to the functioning and failure of the market for initial coin offerings (ICOs). The assessments of freelancing analysts exhibit biases because of reciprocal interactions of analysts with ICO team members. Even favorably rated ICOs tend to fail raising some capital when a greater portion of their ratings reciprocate prior ratings. Ninety days after listing on an exchange, the market capitalization relative to the initial funds raised is smaller for tokens with more reciprocal ratings. These findings suggest that conflicts of interest help explain the failure of ICOs. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics. Funding: A. Barth acknowledges financial support from the Chaire Fintech at University Paris Dauphine - PSL. A. F. Wagner acknowledges financial support from the University of Zurich Research Priority Program “Financial market regulation.” This paper was initiated when A. F. Wagner was visiting the Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance, funded by the German Research Foundation under the project FOR 2774 at Goethe University Frankfurt. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02928 .

Ab initio calculations of mirror energy difference in sd-shell nuclei* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205340, 11975282); the Gansu Natural Science Foundation (22JR5RA123); the Special Research Assistant Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34000000); the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB15);

Mirror energy difference is a key observable in isospin symmetry breaking, containing rich information about nuclear structure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying mirror energy difference is important in nuclear physics. In the present work, we extensively investigated mirror energy difference using ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group approach, focusing specifically on -shell nuclei. The low-lying spectra of Al isotopes and isotones, together with their mirror nuclei, were calculated, followed by a systematic analysis of the evolution of the mirror energy difference. The results suggest that the large mirror energy difference is mainly caused by the weakly-bound effects and large average occupations of the orbit. Lastly, we compare the results of our ab initio calculations with shell model results, elucidating the relationship and coherence between these two models.

Spin alignment of vector mesons from quark dynamics in a rotating medium* *Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12235016, 12221005), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030000), the start-up funding from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Vorticities in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) are supposed to induce spin alignment and polarization phenomena of quarks and mesons. In this work, we analyze the spin alignment of vector mesons ϕ and ρ induced by rotation from quark dynamics in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. The rotating angular velocity induces mass splitting of spin components for vector mesons . This behavior contributes to the spin alignment of vector mesons in an equilibrium medium and naturally explains the negative deviation of for vector mesons. Incidentally, the positive deviation of under the magnetic field can also be easily understood from quark dynamics.

Investigation of the relationship between mirror proton radii and neutron-skin thickness* *This study is partially Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11925502, 11935001, 11961141003, 11890714, 12147101), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030000) and the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0404404)

Through systematic investigations using the axially deformed solutions of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations with 132 sets of Skyrme interaction parameters, it is confirmed that the neutron-skin thickness () of a neutron-rich nucleus is proportional to the difference between the proton radii of mirror nuclei (). This indicates that may be deduced from . Compared with the results of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model, pairing effects are found to enhance the correlation for most mirror pairs, whereas deformation effects may weaken the correlation. Furthermore, the correlation between and is studied for isotones with and , which reveals a stronger linear correlation with increasing . This result demonstrates that it is possible to extract the neutron-skin thickness of an unstable nucleus from the proton radii difference of the mirror nuclei of its isotones.

Light nuclei production in Au+Au collisions at 3 GeV from coalescence model* *Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34000000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205342)

The nucleon coalescence model is one of the most popular theoretical models for light nuclei production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The production of light nuclei d, t, He, and He is studied using the transport model JAM with a simplified afterburner coalescence at GeV Au+Au collisions. We scan the cut-off of phenomenological coalescence parameters, i.e., the relative spatial distance and momentum difference , for the formation of light nuclei by nucleon coalescence to reproduce the light nuclei spectra measured by the STAR experiment. The results indicate a potential connection between the coalescence parameters and the binding energy as well as the diameter of these light nuclei.

Glueballs at physical pion mass* *Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030300, XDPB15), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0406400), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) under Grants ( 11935017, 12070131001) (CRC 110 by DFG and NNSFC). The computations were performed on the CAS ORISE computing environment, the

Glueballs are investigated through gluonic operators on two RBC/UKQCD gauge ensembles at the physical pion mass. The statistical errors of glueball correlation functions are considerably reduced through the cluster decomposition error reduction (CDER) method. The Bethe-Salpeter wave functions are obtained for the scalar, tensor, and pseudoscalar glueballs by using spatially extended glueball operators defined through the gauge potential in the Coulomb gauge. These wave functions exhibit similar features of non-relativistic two-gluon systems and are used to optimize the signals of the related correlation functions at the early time regions, where the ground state masses are extracted. These masses are close to those from the quenched approximation and indicate the possible existence of glueballs at the physical point. The resonance feature of glueballs and the mixing with conventional mesons and multi-hadron systems should be considered in a more systematic lattice study.