Priority Program Research Articles

Flow Visualisation and Evaluation Studies on Metalworking Fluid Applications in Manufacturing Processes—Methods and Results

Metalworking operations rely on the successful application of metalworking fluids (MWFs) for effective and efficient operation. Processes such as grinding or drilling often require the use of MWFs for cooling, lubrication, and chip removal. Electrochemical machining processes require electrolyte flow to operate. However, in those machining operations, a fundamental understanding of the mode of action of MWF is lacking due to the unknown flow dynamics and its interaction with the material removal during the process. Important information on the behaviour of MWFs during machining can be obtained from specific experimental flow visualisation studies. In this paper, promising flow visualisation analysis techniques applied to exemplary machining processes (grinding, sawing, drilling, and electrochemical machining) are presented and discussed. Shadowgraph imaging and flow measurements, e.g., particle image velocimetry, allow the identification of typical flow and MWF operating regimes in the different machining processes. Based on the identification of these regimes, efficient machining parameters and MWF applications can be derived. In addition, detailed experimental analyses of MWFs provide essential data for the input and validation of model development and numerical simulations within the Priority Programme SPP 2231 FluSimPro.

Conflicted Analysts and Initial Coin Offerings

This paper studies the contribution of analysts to the functioning and failure of the market for initial coin offerings (ICOs). The assessments of freelancing analysts exhibit biases because of reciprocal interactions of analysts with ICO team members. Even favorably rated ICOs tend to fail raising some capital when a greater portion of their ratings reciprocate prior ratings. Ninety days after listing on an exchange, the market capitalization relative to the initial funds raised is smaller for tokens with more reciprocal ratings. These findings suggest that conflicts of interest help explain the failure of ICOs. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics. Funding: A. Barth acknowledges financial support from the Chaire Fintech at University Paris Dauphine - PSL. A. F. Wagner acknowledges financial support from the University of Zurich Research Priority Program “Financial market regulation.” This paper was initiated when A. F. Wagner was visiting the Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance, funded by the German Research Foundation under the project FOR 2774 at Goethe University Frankfurt. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02928 .

Exploring Skin Tone Diversity in a Plastic Surgery Resident Education Curriculum

Background: Gaps remain in surgical education regarding the representation of skin tone diversity. To improve equity and prevent misdiagnosis leading to worsened health outcomes, efforts must be made to ensure educational photographs are representative of the diverse patient populations plastic surgery residents will be treated in their future practices. Methods: Four study investigators examined 96 h of recorded lecture seminars from a Canadian plastic surgery resident education curriculum from May 2020 to December 2021. Using Fitzpatrick skin type to codify skin tone, photographic images were individually classified and compared. Program lecturers and residents were invited to participate in an online anonymized survey to explore related perceptions of the curricula. Results: A total of 1990 images were included for analysis. Of these, 83.2% were Fitzpatrick types I to III, 13.1% were Fitzpatrick types IV to V, and 3.7% were Fitzpatrick type VI. There was a statistically greater proportion of Fitzpatrick I to III compared to types IV to V ( P < .01), and type VI ( P < .01). Fleiss’ Kappa was calculated to be 0.896, representing near-perfect agreement. In the survey, 61% (14/22) of faculty respondents believe they include enough diversity in their photographs, however, 46% (4 of 9) of resident respondents would like to see more diversity in lecturers’ photographs. Conclusions: There is an underrepresentation of medium (Fitzpatrick types IV-V) and dark (Fitzpatrick VI) images in plastic surgery resident educational images. Providing a curriculum that represents diverse patient populations is crucial to enabling competency and equity of care, particularly in a highly visual field. Incorporating skin tone diversity into educational curricula should be a priority for all plastic surgery programs.

Big data in Antarctic sciences – current status, gaps, and future perspectives

Abstract. This paper was initiated by a multidisciplinary Topic Workshop in the frame of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Priority Program 1158 “Antarctic Research with Comparative Investigations in Arctic Ice Areas”, and hence it represents only the national view without claiming to be complete but is intended to provide awareness and suggestions for the current discussion on so-called big data in many scientific fields. The importance of the polar regions and their essential role for the Earth system are both undoubtedly recognized. However, dramatic changes in the climate and environment have been observed first in the Arctic and later in Antarctica over the past few decades. While important data have been collected and observation networks have been built in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, this is a relatively data-scarce region due to the challenges of remote data acquisition, expensive labor, and harsh environmental conditions. There are many approaches crossing multiple scientific disciplines to better understand Antarctic processes; to evaluate ongoing climatic and environmental changes and their manifold ecological, physical, chemical, and geological consequences; and to make (improved) predictions. Together, these approaches generate very large, multivariate data sets, which can be broadly classified as “Antarctic big data”. For these large data sets, there is a pressing need for improved data acquisition, curation, integration, service, and application to support fundamental scientific research. Based on deficiencies in crossing disciplines and to attract further interest in big data in Antarctic sciences, this article will (i) describe and evaluate the current status of big data in various Antarctic-related scientific disciplines, (ii) identify current gaps, (iii) and provide solutions to fill these gaps.

COVID‐19 booster dose vaccination of healthcare workers in Qatar: A web‐based cross‐sectional survey

AbstractBackgroundVaccines are an important public health measure and effective strategy to protect the population from COVID‐19. Front‐line healthcare personnel should receive priority in vaccination programs. However, the reported hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) toward the COVID‐19 vaccines cannot be ignored. It widely influences the level of vaccine hesitancy in the general population. Hesitancy, fear, and anxiety were documented in first and second rounds of COVID‐19 vaccination. This study assessed the acceptance of COVID‐19 booster doses among the HCWs in Qatar.MethodsA web‐based cross‐sectional online survey was conducted using the 7C Vaccine Readiness Scale to evaluate the preparedness of the HCWs to receive COVID‐19 vaccines. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to identify factors associated with preparedness for vaccination.ResultsA total of 382 participants completed the survey. Allied health professionals scored the least on the readiness score (−7.0 ± 9.9) compared to the physicians (3.1 ± 7.2) and nurses (3.0 ± 7.8). Physicians scored higher on confidence (58.8%), calculation (64.7%), and complacency (60.8%). Nurses scored higher on constraints (51.6%), collective responsibility (62.7%), and compliance (39.1%), and allied health professionals scored higher on (67.9%) conspiracy. There was a significant association between readiness score and not being infected with COVID‐19, post‐vaccine symptom experience, and hesitancy for the initial two doses.ConclusionThis study reports higher complacency and constraints with the perception of lower risks and the lack of interest in taking collective responsibility among the HCWs. Addressing vaccine hesitancy among them is critical to ensure successful vaccination campaigns and promote community safety during future pandemics.

A MODEL OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES

In recent years, the Indonesian government has established priority programs to improve the accessibility and quality of health services throughout the country, including in rural and remote areas. However, many regional hospitals, including in the Besuki Raya area, experience various challenges in improving the quality of health services, especially in terms of employee performance. This study aims to determine the relationship between work ability, organizational culture, organizational climate, and work ethic on employee performance through organizational commitment and work motivation as intervening variables at Besuki Raya Hospital, East Java. This relationship pattern is explained through a structural equation model with opportunities and work motivation as intervening and endogenous variables. The sampling technique in this study was proportional area sampling which included employees of Besuki Raya Hospital consisting of Jember, Banyuwangi, Bondowoso and Situbondo, with 250 respondents willing to fill out the questionnaire. The study results show that workability, organizational culture, organizational climate, and work ethic significantly positively affect employee performance, directly and indirectly, through organizational commitment and work motivation. Hospital management must focus on human resource development and determine appropriate strategies to improve employee performance, including training, recognition, rewards, and effective communication. The implication of this research is that hospitals and local governments can improve human resources to improve the quality of health services to the community.

The evaluation of quality of immunization services of children in Primary Medical Sanitary Centers in Oron, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria

Nigeria, with its low routine immunization coverage and wild poliovirus reservoir, significantly contributes to overall regional burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Since introduction of the EPI in 1974 (which later became the National Program of Immunization), Nigeria's immunization program suffered from declining coverage. The poor quality of immunization affects service utilization, even where they are provided for free, just as immunization services are. The quality assessment will provide both notion of degree of satisfaction of clients with services and framework for revision of program priorities, strategies and components Purpose of the study is to evaluate quality of immunization services provided to children in primary health centers in Oron, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study targets to identify strengths and weaknesses of immunization services, to evaluate level of compliance with national and international standards of immunization and to develop corresponding recommendations. The study seeks to contribute to body of knowledge about quality of children immunization services in Nigeria, particularly in context of primary health centers. The study may help to improve delivery of immunization services in the region and to ensure that more children will be vaccinated and protected against vaccine-preventable diseases. The cross-sectional descriptive study of quality of immunization services in primary health centers was carried on in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The variables as indicators such as physical environment, resource availability, client satisfaction etc. were utilized and included into questionnaire. The study covered 402 caregivers and 152 medical workers in 12 primary health centers. The client questionnaire, facility staff questionnaire, facility checklist, personal observation,focus group discussion guide and client flow chart were applied. The results demonstrated that quality of immunization services was poor. The caregivers were dissatisfied both with reception by providers and too long waiting time. The attitude of health care providers was also mentioned as cause of dissatisfaction. This study demonstrated that community health extension workers constituted majority (39.4%) of immunization service providers. Out of 152 health care providers that participated in the study, 92 (60.9%) had attended in-service training on immunization within previous two years. The comparison of staff categories with attendance at in-service training established statistically significant difference (p=0.0072), suggesting that whether one attended in-service training or not depended on category of staff one belongs to. Of all staff, 112 workers (73.3%) knew proper vaccine storage temperature while 40 (26.7%) did not. The health care providers who do not know proper vaccine storage temperature may administer vaccines with compromised potency. Most of health care providers (149 or 98.0%) were aware that clients have particular rights that in overall is referred as client rights. Only by knowing rights of clients providers would be expected to respect these rights. The client right with which most of providers were agreed was right to information (105 or 70.2%). While right with which most providers were disagree (52 or 34.0%)) was right to choice of where and when access immunization services. The study conducted thorough quality assessment of children imunization services in primary health centers in Oron, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The results revealed both strengths and weaknesses in delivery of immunization services to children in the region. While there were areas of average performance due to experienced and trained health care workers, there were also areas of concern with inadequate cold chain storage and insufficient record-keeping practices. The study recommends to improve quality of immunization services in the region, including strengthening cold chain system, ensuring adequate record-keeping practices and implementing regular training and supervision of medical workers. These measures are crucial to ensure that more children are vaccinated and protected against vaccine-preventable diseases. The results of the study contribute to body of knowledge on quality of children immunization services in Nigeria and emphasize importance to continue efforts improving delivery of immunization services to children. There is hope that proposed recommendations will become a basis for policy decisions making and ultimately will result in better health outcomes for children in Oron, Akwa Ibom State and beyond.

A Community–Academic Partnership to Explore and Address Cancer Disparities in Southwest Chicago Arab Americans

Abstract: Background: Despite the need to consider multiple sources of evidence to guide locally and culturally relevant interventions, few studies have documented the process by which evidence is integrated. Objectives: We leveraged a community–academic partnership to describe a participatory approach to integrating community and academic sources of evidence to inform cancer programming priorities in the Arab American (ArA) community in Southwest Chicago. Methods: Informed by Intervention Mapping, this study comprised three phases led by community and academic partners: 1) qualitative assessment of cancer-related priorities through eight focus groups with 48 ArA community members, 2) a focused literature review to identify models of cancer interventions implemented with ArAs, and 3) integration of focus group and literature review findings and development of a strategy for a community-based cancer program administered by the community partner. Results: Focus groups revealed attitudes and beliefs across the cancer control continuum. The literature review highlighted two cancer interventions utilizing education, community health workers, and patient navigation components. Through facilitated discussions with community partners, we integrated community and academic sources of evidence to develop a comprehensive cancer program plan that is informed by the data we generated as well as our community partners' preferences and organizational capacity. Conclusions: Our participatory approach for integrating community and academic sources of evidence generated a locally relevant strategy to address cancer burden in the ArA community in Chicago. We discuss the benefits and challenges of utilizing this approach in intervention development.

KEBIJAKAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI KOTA BEKASI

This paper explains the green open space policy that, as a regional environmental ecosystem controller, calls for a structural solution. Green open space policy number 10 for Bekasi City in 2011 with regards to order, cleanliness, and attractiveness. Only 15% of the required green open space has been achieved, even though the norm should have been 30%. Through the Bekasi city regional regulation (PERDA) number 13 of 2011, the Bekasi city government established a rule pertaining to the Bekasi city development plan to achieve 30% of green open space (RTH), with specifics of 20% for green open space and 10% for public space. In this study, a qualitative technique was employed to collect the data. Descriptive analysis was then performed to analyse the data using the N-vivo 12 Plus program. A variety of trustworthy and pertinent sources, including websites, journals, publications, and online media news analysts, were used to gather the data. The study's findings suggest that a number of factors, including the presence of citizens, financial resources or APBD, geographical circumstances, area size, and priority programs, affect the amount of green open space in the city of Bekasi. Regulations and the expansion of the green open space area are two variables that affect the availability of green space in Bekasi. The development of must involve a number of groups, including the community, the private sector, and the local government green open spaces so that the target of green open spaces in the city of Bekasi can be achieved.

Model Pengawasan Internal dan Pemberdayaan Untuk Mendorong Penguatan Moderasi Beragama di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Negeri

This research is motivated by the inability of internal audits to encourage the performance of strategic government programs implemented in Islamic State Universities (PTKN). One of the government's priority programs run by PTKN is the program to strengthen religious moderation. This study aims to identify internal control models implemented in tertiary institutions. These supervisory models are then examined for their empowerment potential to encourage the performance of strengthening religious moderation. For this purpose, the researcher empowered the case study qualitative research method by collecting data using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data collected was checked for validity using the triangulation technique and analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana technique. The results of the research show that: (1) 2 models of internal control have been implemented in tertiary institutions, namely: the partial-thematic internal audit model and the collaborative internal control model; (2) identified 1 (one) audit model that has the potential to be studied further and that in the future it can be applied to tertiary institutions, namely the integrative audit model; (3) models of internal control that tertiary institutions have implemented can be empowered to support and encourage the strengthening of religious moderation and other strategic program.

Implementation Of The Utilization Of Village Funds During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Village funds are budget allocations on-budget that can be used directly to support efforts to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 at the household and village levels. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the regulation of the use and utilization of village funds during the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of village fund usage during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Air Batu Subdistrict, and the supervision of village fund management during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results show that the utilization of village funds during the Covid-19 pandemic remains based on the provisions of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The use of village funds for handling Covid-19 can also be based on the Regulation of the Minister of Village Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2020 concerning the Priorities of Village Fund Utilization for the Year 2021. This regulation explicitly governs (1) National economic recovery in accordance with the authority of the village, (2) National priority programs in accordance with the authority of the village, (3) Adaptation of new village habits. The supervision of the use of village funds during the Covid-19 pandemic is carried out by the local government of the district/city (Inspectorate), sub-district head (camat), Village Consultative Body (BPD), and village communities. This is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 73 of 2020 concerning the Supervision of State Financial Management.

Stunting Prevention Through Promoting Fish Consumption

Implementation of Malang Regent's Regulation Number 33 of 2018 Concerning Stunting Prevention Efforts with the Fish-Eating Socialization Movement is an effort by the Malang District Government through the Fisheries Service to educate the public on the benefits and significance of consuming fish and increase the Fish Consumption Rate in Malang Regency. This study seeks to increase fish consumption in the community, particularly among those suffering from stunting, and to determine the Malang Regency government's strategy for educating the public about the benefits and significance of consuming fish. The researchers employ qualitative research methods. The research was conducted in Sananrejo Village, Turen District, Malang Regency, with data collection techniques including observation, documentation, interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires to pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers participating in the Integrated healthcare center village of Sananrejo Village, Turen District, in order to determine how much they know about the nutrition contained in fish. The findings of this study indicate that a high intake of fish will reduce the incidence of stunting because fish is a rich source of protein and Omega 3, both of which are essential for the growth and development of children. To support the priority program for addressing stunting, you can begin ingesting fish in a variety of fish-based processed diets at an early age.

Mental Health and well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic and After the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

The study compared the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A repeated online cross-sectional study was performed twice among university students in Ukraine: in November 2020 (Pre-war sample, n = 752) and September-October 2022 (During-war sample, n = 862). The survey measured life satisfaction (SWLS), perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). Stress, anxiety, and life satisfaction levels were similar during the war and pandemic, while symptoms of depression decreased during the war, compared to the pandemic. Network analysis showed that anxiety has a crucial effect on depression and stress, and stress is most closely related to life satisfaction. The association of life satisfaction with anxiety and depression disappeared in wartime, in contrast to the pandemic. The priority of prevention and intervention programs in wartime Ukraine should focus on anxiety as the most influential factor in other mental health and well-being problems. The results showed high resistance and adaptation to war conditions among university students in Ukraine.

THE ROLE OF METROLOGICAL SUPPORT IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES

The transition to new technologies sets a number of new specific tasks determined by the parameters and structure of innovative products to science and technology. Both the technological process of creating innovative products and the measurement of parameters, processing of measurement information, and ensuring the credibility and metrological reliability of measurements need metrological support. The functioning of modern measuring instruments is connected not only with the possibility of a purposeful choice of a rational measurement algorithm in a fixed situation but also with the procedure for making decisions about the nature of further actions. Therefore, fundamental research concerning the design of intelligent measuring instruments is currently being actively conducted in mathematical metrology. The development of an electronic information and analytical system for measuring equipment will ensure the installation of the optimal range of quantitative target indicators and the formation of metrological measures of priority programs and projects. The article considers the possibilities of successfully solving the problems of metrological support for the implementation of innovative technologies. The solution of such problems depends on the completeness, validity, and feasibility of metrological measures. The expediency and necessity of the formation and implementation of metrological measures of innovative technologies are shown. Keywords: Metrology, metrological support, quality, innovative activity, infrastructure, metrological measures, measuring indicators.

Peluang dan Hambatan Dinas Komunikasi Informatika Statistik dan Persandian dalam mendukung program pembangunan Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan (2018-2023)

The world of global information is experiencing very rapid development, which is marked by the massive and widespread use of information and communication technology by the public and makes it easier for state administrators to serve the community. Enhancement of quality management based on technology, information, and communication is the wrong effort by the government to create transparency and not quite enough to answer maintenance. Matter This is required to increase the ability of the government to provide services to the public. The priority program of the South Sulawesi Provincial Communication Informatics and Encoding Office in an effort to support the vision and mission of the Governor of South Sulawesi in the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of the South Sulawesi Province is "South Sulawesi that is Innovative, Productive, Competitive, Inclusive, and Characteristic". Program Development and Implementation for e-Government as well as the ‘Baruga Layanan publik’ Development Program Local government must improve the quality of communication related to various programs and activities and ensure that they are accepted, followed, and obeyed by the community. So far, the use of the media is still lacking, especially in the South Sulawesi Provincial Government. Several local and national media outlets are increasingly dominated by leader news, while OPD activities that are directly related to people's lives are not well coordinated and distributed. Especially when it comes to the realization of priority programs.

Pendampingan Kegiatan EDM Dan ERKAM Madrasah Di Kecamatan Sangkapura

The use of e-RKAM and EDM applications is a concrete effort in realizing more effective, efficient, transparent and corruption-free management of the education budget. The purpose of the Assistance Activities is to ensure that each madrasah is able to carry out and use EDM instruments in accordance with the guidelines, as well as develop a RKAM based on EDM results using the e-RKAM application with the aim of Assessing madrasah performance based on SNP, Mapping madrasah strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges, Helping determine the priorities of programs and activities that are in accordance with the needs of the madrasah. In this mentoring, several methods were used, including: lecture method, The Question and Answer method, Discussion method, and Simulation and Practice Methods, which are used to demonstrate the use of the EDM and ERKAM Applications. The results of the mentoring Madrasas were able to carry out EDM according to the established guidelines and compile RKAM using the e-RKAM application and all madrasas stated that mentoring activities were very useful and EDM work could be completed more quickly and on time because if there were difficulties they could be asked directly

Comparative muscle transcriptome of Mali and Hampshire breeds of pigs: a preliminary study

Muscle development is an important priority of pig breeding programs. There is a considerable variation in muscularity between the breeds, but the regulation mechanisms of genes underlying myogenesis are still unclear. Transcriptome data from two breeds of pigs with divergent muscularity (Mali and Hampshire) were integrated with histology, immunofluorescence and meat yield to identify differences in myogenesis during the early growth phase. The muscle transcriptomics analysis revealed 17,721 common, 1413 and 1115 unique transcripts to Hampshire and Mali, respectively. This study identified 908 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05; log2FC > ±1) in the muscle samples, of which 550 were upregulated and 358 were downregulated in Hampshire pigs, indicating differences in physiological process related to muscle function and development. Expression of genes related to myoblast fusion (MYMK), skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation (ANGPT1, CDON) and growth factors (HGF, IGF1, IGF2) were higher in Hampshire than Mali, even though transcript levels of several other myogenesis-related genes (MYF6, MYOG, MSTN) were similar. The number of fibers per fascicle and the expression of myogenic marker proteins (MYOD1, MYOG and PAX7) were more in Hampshire as compared to Mali breed of pig, supporting results of transcriptome studies. The results suggest that differences in muscularity between breeds could be related to the regulation of myoblast fusion and myogenic activities. The present study will help to identify genes that could be explored for their utility in the selection of animals with different muscularities.

Dillem Wilis Agro-Tourism Branding Designs to Increase Regional Competitiveness in Tourism

Dillem Wilis plantation tour is a coffee bean processing company owned by the Dutch government with an area of 40 hectares. The location is in Dompyong Village, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency. This company has the potential for clove plantations, dairy farming, and nature tourism with natural potential surrounded by rivers and locations in hilly areas with attractive views. The ancient buildings of the Dutch government still stand strong with the revitalization that has been carried out by the local government. Agrotourism development is currently a priority program for local governments with the construction of road access and supporting infrastructure. Dillem Wilis Agrotourism also has superior products, such as packaged pasteurized milk and Dillem coffee. The visual architecture of the building, packaging of superior products, and sign systems as well as media for publication of tourist destinations do not have unity. To get the attention and awareness of tourists, a creative strategy is needed through the design of the Dillem Wilis agro-tourism brand. The steps that need to be taken in brand design are: (1) designing a visual identity for Dillem Wilis agrotourism, (2) designing physical communication media, (3) designing digital communication media, and (4) marketing visual property and stationary. To create the right brand awareness, it is very much determined by a consistent visual identity. The visual identity will describe non-physical attributes such as vision and mission, tourism value, and tourism culture. This study aims to: (1) produce a brand identity for Dillem Wilis Agrotourism, (2) Integrate the resources owned by Dillem Wilis Agrotourism in order to form a tourism ecosystem, and (3) generate brand awareness through the implementation of the visual identity design into the Dillem Wilis Trenggalek Agrotourism promotion media project using Tim Brown’s design thinking method which refers to Simon Anholt’s regional branding model for the city branding hexagon.&#x0D; Keywords: brand identity, visual branding, Dilem Willis

Large eddy simulation of iron(III) oxide nanoparticle synthesis in spray flames

The SpraySyn burner has been developed to investigate nanoparticle synthesis from spray flames by various diagnostic methods and simulations from research groups within the DFG (German Research Foundation) priority program SPP1980. We investigate the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles from iron nitrate dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and ethyl hexanoic acid. In the SpraySyn experiment, the nanoparticle precursor solution is injected and atomized via an air-blast nozzle, surrounded by a pilot flame. The solvent itself is combustible, such that the droplets evaporate at high heating rates in a highly reactive environment. We investigate the synthesis flame in large eddy simulations. The liquid droplets are described by Lagrangian particles, and gas-phase combustion is modeled by the flamelet-generated manifold approach with adaptations for particle inception. The nanoparticle dynamics are predicted by three models: a monodisperse model, a bimodal model, and a sectional model. The monodisperse and bimodal models account in terms of number-, surface-, and volume-concentration from inception, coagulation, and sintering processes, while the sectional model accounts for inception and coagulation and provides the particle size distribution. The comparison of nanoparticle sizes with the in-situ measurements shows that the bimodal model can be a suitable alternative approach to the computationally expensive sectional model.

Patronase Politik: Respon Bisnis Terhadap Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan

Abstract: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the concept of social responsibility of companies that invest in an area to be able to overcome problems that occur in a region. However, in the concept of CSR itself, there are many debates, especially regarding the relationships built between local government actors, companies, and communities in the management of CSR programs. Purpose: The objectives of this research activity are: (1) To determine state involvement in CSR programs, and (2) To determine the determination of CSR programs through political patronage. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study uses a literature review method with a qualitative research approach. The qualitative research approach is a process of research and understanding based on methods that investigate social phenomena and problems. Findings: Within the framework of the corporate social responsibility pyramid, the higher dimensions of responsibility are built on top of the lower ones, reflecting different levels of priorities and expectations in CSR practices. Originality/Value: The results prove that several forms of state involvement are common in CSR programs: (1) Arrangements and Policies that can influence companies to pay attention to social and environmental issues in their operations; (2) Incentives and Subsidies; (3) Public-Private Partnerships; (4) Law Enforcement and Supervision, the Government can supervise and monitor the implementation of CSR programs to ensure compliance and feasibility of practices carried out by the company; and (5) Community Empowerment. Here are some ways in which political patronage can influence the determination of CSR programs: (1) Resource Allocation: Political patronage can affect a company's allocation of resources to a particular CSR program. (2) Program Priorities: Political patronage can also influence the priorities of CSR programs chosen by the company. (3) Personal Gain; and (4) Creating a Positive Image: Political patronage can be used by companies to gain a positive image or public legitimacy.