Priority Point Research Articles

Research on the Environmental Influence of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Point Pollution Source for River Section

Land-based source of pollution is one of the main causes of pollution in the Bohai sea coastal waters, and drainage channel is the main contributor of Land-based source of pollution. Based on principal component analysis method for analysis of single factor evaluation method, selection principles for putting Tianjin Dagu river sewage pollution source location and determined the sample point, research history data and field monitoring of sewage and poisonous and harmful substances, determine a list of priority control pollutants and point pollution sources; Some corresponding land-based source of pollution control method and pollution prevention and control strategies was put forward in the paper.

Points mean prizes: priority points, preferential status and directed organ donation in Israel

The introduction of Israel’s new Organ Transplantation Act in 2010 has enabled the development of a unique priority point system aimed at motivating individual’s to donate their organ. The priority point system rewards those who are willing to donate an organ with preferential status and an increased chance of receiving a donor organ, should they come to be in need of one. Preliminary evidence suggests it has considerable public support among Israelis, who appear willing to redress the challenge posed by those who are willing to accept an organ but not willing to donate. Since the Act’s introduction Israel has witnessed record numbers signing donor cards and there has been a significant increase in the actual numbers of transplants.One aspect of the new Israeli system that has hitherto not much been considered is its tendency towards a communitarian model of organ donation and the implications this change in emphasis may have for the existing ‘opt-in’ model based upon autonomy and consent. Gil Siegel draws our attention to this aspect when he sets out his defence of a proposal he refers to as ‘directed organ donation to other registered donors’, which encourages community responsibility without affecting the established commitment to consent and individual freedom.This commentary provides a brief overview of the new Act and its priority point system. It also examines Siegel’s proposal and considers the implications it may have for equity and justice, personal choice and dispositional authority. It is argued that although the proposal brings with it several inevitable hurdles for policy makers these are not insurmountable. Rather, its extraordinary potential to save life and avoid suffering should prompt urgent action at policy level. If such a scheme was successfully implemented in Israel it would represent a landmark change in organ donation and allocation policy, and set an example from which we all could learn.

Generating consensus priority point vectors: a logarithmic goal programming approach

The analytic hierarchy process (Saaty, The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, NewYork: McGraw-Hill 1980) is a popular technique for addressing multiple-criteria decision-making problems (MCDMs). Various techniques have been proposed for using the AHP in group situations. Fundamental to the AHP is the generation of priority point vectors from matrices of pairwise comparison data. In this paper, we present a logarithmic goal programming model for generating the ‘consensus’ priority point vector from the set of individual priority point vectors. Scope and purpose Within modern organizations, multiple-criteria decision-making problems (MCDMs) often occur within a group context, and individual priorities for decision alternatives must be synthesized into a single set of priorities which represents the consensus opinion for the group. This requires a process for aggregating individual priorities into a set of group priorities. In this paper, we examine the use of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) MCDM technique for the group situation, and present an approach for aggregating individual priorities into a set of group ‘consensus’ priorities.

The Etymology of Meschino and Its Cognates

It is generally recognized that Italian meschino and French mesquin go back to Arab. miskin 'poor, humble, submissive'. To Semitists it is obvious, moreover, that the latter form cannot be a direct, inner-Arabic development from one of the roots which appear as skn. The adjective is found also in Ethiopic and Aramaic (meskin), and in Hebrew (miskn' now if the Arab. form had been derived from skn 'dwell, rest', the Heb. and Aram. cognates would have displayed S (from 9kn), in accordance with the normal laws of correspondence between the NorthwestSem. and Arab. sibilants. Since, however, the Heb. and Aram. forms of the adjective in question are written with the samek-sign (s, which remains unchanged in the Sem. languages), the word cannot be related to s/gkn 'dwell, etc.'; Arab. sakuna 'to be poor' is thus clearly a separate root, in all probability a denominative. Cuneiform sources throw further light on the subject. Akkadian mugkenu occurs frequently in the sense of 'humble, poor, wretched'. In the Code of Hammurabi the word denotes the middle one of the three classes of population, hence the 'plebeian' as opposed to the amelu 'patrician', and the wardu 'slave'. From that time (beginning of the second millennium) onwards the word spreads rapidly, gaining constantly in usage and application; in the Amarna Letters it has the meaning 'pauper',2 and with the abstract ending -itu we find it in the Akk. versions of the Hittite treaties in the sense of 'wretchedness'.$ This wide currency of the Akk. term and its indisputable priority point to Mesopotamia as the ultimate source of Arab. miskin and its Sem. and European counterparts and derivatives, as was recognized long ago by Jensen.4 Just one qualification must be added here: since all the loanwords contain the plain sibilant s, as against the Akk. ', the word must have been launched on its remarkable international career through