Priorities For Use Research Articles

Pharmacy students\u2019 perspectives on the initial implementation of a teaching electronic medical record: results from a mixed-methods assessment

BackgroundElectronic medical records (EMRs) have been used for nearly three decades. Pharmacists use EMRs on a daily basis, but EMRs have only recently been incorporated into pharmacy education. Some pharmacy programs have implemented teaching electronic medical records (tEMRs), but best practices for incorporating tEMRs into pharmacy education remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to 1) assess pharmacy students’ views and experiences with a tEMR; and 2) identify current learning activities and future priorities for tEMR use in pharmacy education.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods approach, including three, two-hour student focus groups and a 42-item web-based survey to examine student perspectives of the tEMR. All first, second, and third year professional pharmacy students were eligible to participate in the survey and a focus group. Web-based survey items were measured on a 7-point Likert scale, and quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics. Two researchers independently coded transcripts using both deductive and inductive approaches to identify emergent themes. These analysts met and resolved any coding discrepancies via consensus.ResultsFocus groups were conducted with 22 total students, with 6–8 students represented from each year of pharmacy training. The survey was completed by 156 students: 47 first year, 55 second year, and 54 third year. Overall, 48.7% of survey respondents altogether agreed or strongly agreed that using the tEMR enhanced their learning in pharmacy classes and laboratories. Qualitative data were organized into four major themes regarding tEMR adoption: current priorities for use within the pharmacy curriculum; tEMR benefits; tEMR barriers; and future priorities for tEMR use to prepare students for pharmacy practice.ConclusionsThis study reveals pharmacy students’ perspectives and attitudes towards using a tEMR, the types of classroom activities that incorporate the tEMR, and students’ future suggestions to enhance the design or application of the tEMR for their learning. Our research findings may aid other pharmacy programs and promote more effective use of tEMRs in pharmacy education. In the long-term, this study may strengthen pharmacy education on EMRs and thus increase the efficacy and safety of pharmacists’ EMR use for patients’ medication management.

Analisis Kemaslahatan Pada Putusan MA Tentang Wasiat Waji>Bah Dalam Pemberian Hak Waris Bagi Non Muslim (Studi Analisis Pada Putusan MA No. 51.K/AG/1999)

The objectives of this study are as follows, (1) To find out the legal position wasiat waji>bahin the distribution of inheritance for non-Muslims; (2) To find out the reasons behind the decisionMahkamah Agung in deciding inheritance rights for non-Muslims in the form wasiat waji>bah;and (3) To analyze the benefit of the Verdict Mah-kamah Agung No.51.K/AG/1999. The method usedin this research is the Inductive method, which is in the form of drawing general conclusions or abasic knowledge of specific matters. That is, from the existing facts a conclusion can be drawn. Thistype of research is library research or library research. This research is descriptive and maslahahanalysis. The conclusion of this study, first, the legal position of wills in giving inheritance for non-Muslims in KHI does not mention that a person is prevented from becoming an heir due to religiousdifferences. Non-Muslim heirs in Islamic law are located outside the heirs who have the right toreceive an inheritance, because religious differences become an obstacle to obtaining inheritancerights. The Hanafiyah Ulama viewed the will to non-Muslim heirs as valid and the jurists agreed thatthe testament to the Muslim ghair ahl al-dzimmah was permissible. Therefore, granting inheritancerights to non-Muslims in the form of a compulsory will is legal because religious differences do notbecome a barrier to the validity of a will. Second, in its decision, the Panel of Judges gave reasons forgranting inheritance rights to non-Muslims through a mandatory will without questioning the religionof the heirs by stating that non-Muslim heirs have the right to receive inheritance with the sameproportion as religious heirs. Islam from the inheritance left by the heirs. Third, the researcher foundthat there was a problem in the Supreme Court decision no. 51.K / AG / 1999. First, the existence ofmas} lah} ah according to syara ‘belongs to al-Mas} lah} ah al-Mursalah. Second, the level of needbased on the priority of use is included in the Maslahah Daruriyat aimed at maintaining the purposesof Islamic law (Maqasid al-Syari’ah) and avoiding damage. Third, the content of the maslahah orwhich priority should take precedence is included in the Maslahah al-Ammah. Fourth, change an as afixed or changing limitation, including in Maslahah al-Mutaghayyirah and Fifth, there is a principleof Justice.

Methodological approaches to compile and validate a food composition database for methyl-group carriers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

A standardised methodology was used to compile and validate a methyl-group carrier database (MGDB) including folate, choline, betaine and methionine, for use in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Compilation was performed by following structured guidelines to match the EPIC dietary intake data to food items from four food composition databases, according to their assigned priority of use. To assess relative validity, calculated dietary folate intakes were compared between the MGDB and the EPIC nutrient database (ENDB), used as the reference database. Folate intakes based on the MGDB and those generated using the ENDB showed good agreement (weighted κ=0.63) and were strongly correlated (r=0.81). This MGDB can be used for investigating potential associations between methyl-group carrier intakes and risk or prognosis of cancer and other diseases in the EPIC study population.

A new repair model and its optimization for cold standby system

In this paper, we propose a new repair model for a cold standby system, which consists of two components and one repairman. It is assumed that the consecutive working time follows decreasing geometric process after repair, and the repair time interval is a constant for component 1. For component 2 (standby component), the failure process during working time follows Generalized Polya Process, which is a generalized version of the nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Component 2 is rectified by Generalized Polya Process repair when it fails. The repair time of component 2 is assumed to be negligible. Component 1 is assumed to have priority in use. The long-run average cost rate function of the system is deduced based on the failure number of component 1. Moreover, the optimal replacement policy of model is established by minimizing the long-run average cost rate function theoretically, which proves the existence and uniqueness of the optimal replacement policy. Numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Sensitivity analysis are conducted to illustrate the influence of parameters under the optimal replacement policy.

Indicators and criteria to define the priority for irrigation water use in the Baixo Jaguaribe basin, Brazil

The Baixo Jaguaribe basin has the smallest area of that Watershed (upper, middle and lower Jaguaribe river), but it has enormous importance in terms of water resources. The amount of water for crops irrigation is quite representative in relation to the total volume of water demanded in the entire Jaguaribe river basin. The research presents a methodology of indicators and criteria to define the priority of use of irrigation water in conditions of water scarcity. The analysis of four requirements of socioeconomic security (productive, economic, water and social) indicated a recommendation to cultivate tomato, forage palm, melon, cassava and papaya, that required the smallest water cuts for irrigation at the River Basin (less than 21%). However, crops as orange, rice, soursop, coconut, lemon, custard apple, guava, mango, banana and sugarcane must present the highest water cuts (more than 37%), mainly orange, rice, soursop, coconut, lemon and custard apple which may present values higher than 46% due to their low profitability and yield, and high water consumption.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В БЕЗДРОТОВИХ СЕНСОРНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

The problem of information security in wireless sensor networks is considered in this paper. An analysis of existing recommendations for information security in wireless sensor networks. It was found that one of the key problems of information security is the hardware limitations of the sensor nodes of the network. It is substantiated that the use of more complex cryptographic protection mechanisms will increase the load on the network. Safety requirements and their description are given. The main groups and types of information security threats in wireless sensor networks are considered. The classification of attacks and protection of wireless sensor networks according to the OSI model is presented. The existing solutions for information security are considered and analyzed. The shortcomings and vulnerabilities of the considered solutions are revealed. The method of public key cryptography is considered, the main advantages and disadvantages of this method are revealed. The analysis and comparison of ECC and RSA encryption methods are carried out. It is substantiated that the use of ECC in wireless sensor networks is more efficient than RSA. The method of cryptography with a symmetric key is considered, the main advantages and disadvantages of this method are indicated. It was found that cryptographic methods using a symmetric key are more priority for use in wireless sensor networks. Cryptographic key management protocols in wireless sensor networks are considered. The classification of key management protocols is given. Secure routing protocols are considered. The classification of secure routing protocols is given. Methods of secure data aggregation are considered. Contradictions between the requirements for confidentiality and data aggregation have been revealed. The method of intrusion detection is considered, the main advantages and disadvantages of this method are revealed. The results of this work should be used in the design of wireless sensor networks.

English language competence for tourism sector in supporting socio-economic development in Merauke: A Survey Study

The need for English skills is needed in the tourism sector to support socio-economic development. This research is survey research to explore the English language skills needed in the world of tourism. Five stakeholders supporting the tourism sector in Merauke were taken as research samples. The results of the study show that writing skills are the top priority (M = 3.27). The use of English to provide information and services is the main priority of use (M = 3.55). On the other hand, the common perception of the problems faced in the use of English language skills shows a positive rating (M = 2.32). This research is expected to provide an overview of English language skills used in the tourism sector to support social-economic development.

Replacement Policy for Cold Standby Repairable System with Priority in Use by Using Arithmetico-Geometric Process

In this paper, we consider the arithmetico-geometric process (AGP) repair model. Here, the system has two nonidentical component cold standby repairable system with one repairman. Under this study, component 1 has given priority in use. It is assumed that component 2 after repair is as good as new, whereas the component 1 follows AGP. Under these assumptions, by using AGP repair model, we present a replacement policy based on number of failures, [Formula: see text], of component 1 such that long-run expected reward per unit time is maximized. For this policy, system can be replaced when number of failure of the component 1 reaches to [Formula: see text]. Working time of the component 1 is AGP and it is stochastically decreasing whereas repair time of the component 1 is AGP which is stochastically increasing. The expression for long-run expected reward per unit time for a renewal cycle is derived and illustrated proposed policy with numerical examples by assuming Weibull distributed working time and repair time of the component 1. Also, proposed AGP repair model is compared with the geometric process repair model.

Reliability analysis of a two-dissimilar-unit warm standby repairable system with priority in use

In this paper, a warm standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar units and one repairman is studied. There are two failure modes, i.e. hardware failure and human error failure, for each unit. Once one of the units failed, it is sent to the repairman for repair immediately. Assume that working time distributions of the two units are exponential and the repair time distributions are arbitrarily general. After repair, both unit 1 and unit 2 are as good as new. Suppose that the switch is reliable and the switching time (if any) is instantaneous. Unit 1 has priority in use. By using Markov renewal method, some reliability measures such as the first failure time distribution, the mean time to the first failure, the system’s steady-state availability, and the expectation of system failure numbers in the interval are obtained.

Prospectivity Mapping for Porphyry Cu–Mo Mineralization in the Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, Northwestern China

In order to comprehensively utilize regional-scale geological, geochemical and geophysical datasets for future exploration of undiscovered porphyry Cu–Mo polymetallic deposits (PCMPDs) in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, three data-driven mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) methods, namely ordinary weights of evidence (WofE), fuzzy weights of evidence (FWofE) and logistic regression (LR), were employed to integrate these datasets for mapping prospectivity of undiscovered PCMPDs. Firstly, the geological setting and mineralization of PCMPDs in the Eastern Tianshan district are reviewed. Then, spatial datasets based on geological maps, stream sediment geochemical data, and Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data are introduced, and on the basis of the prospecting model for PCMPDs, layers of structural, lithological, geophysical and geochemical evidences are constructed using the spatial datasets by means of GIS-based techniques. Finally, these evidential layers were integrated by using the WofE, FWofE and LR methods to obtain posterior probability maps of PCMPDs and the results are critically compared. The main conclusions are that: (1) the porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization in the Eastern Tianshan was occurred in the subduction boundary of the Late Paleozoic Dananhu-Dacaotan arc system of Kanguertag-Huangshan deep fault belt. This geological inference is supported by all the data-driven MPM methods; (2) the conditional independence assumption for both WofE and FWofE can be easily violated in practical applications. This issue seems very difficult to be circumvented due to geological correlations of evidence layers; (3) the uncertainty of the LR modeling approach particularly with respect to models using multiclass response variables mainly arises from over-fitting of the (ln-transformed) linear relationship; and (4) if there is no need for estimation of the number of undiscovered PCMPDs, the prospectivity map biasedly estimated by either WofE or FWofE modeling can be recommended for targeting new exploration areas with more detailed reconnaissance of potential undiscovered PCMPDs. Otherwise, the prospectivity map unbiasedly estimated by LR modeling with binary evidence modeling approach can be priority of use.

Amphisbaena mensae Catro-Mello, 2000 is a synonym of Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995 (Squamata: Amphisbaenia: Amphisbaenidae).

Amphisbaena talisiae and A. mensae, two worm lizard species endemic to the Cerrado ecoregion, in central Brazil, are considered synonyms based on morphological characters. With the proposed synonymy, the name A. talisiae has priority of use over A. mensae. Amphisbaena talisiae can be distinguished from its congeners by a series of morphological characters, including a round head, three supralabial and three infralabial scales, postmalar row absent, four precloacal pores without a median hiatus, 205-234 body annuli, 17-29 caudal annuli, 10-14 dorsal and 14-18 ventral segments in a midbody annulus. The species is recorded from southeastern Mato Grosso, eastern Minas Gerais and central Tocantins states in central Brazil, and its conservation status should be changed from Data Deficient to Least Concern.

Trends analysis for drug utilization in county public hospitals: a sample study of the pilot area of health care reform in China

BackgroundChanges in the national drug policy always have impact on the drug utilization. In the context of China health care reform, what changes had happened in the trend of drug utilization in public hospitals? Has this change met the expectations of policy design? This study was conducted to explore the trend of medicine consumption in county public hospitals before and after health care reform, and to provide real-world evidence to help assess the effectiveness of national drug policy.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the drug utilization trends of 6 county public hospitals in Anhui Province, which is the first pilot area of China health care reform. Data were collected before and after the implementation of the China National Essential Medicine Policy (NEMP) to analyse the drug utilization indicators, such as the drug utilization constituent ratio, the rate of essential medicine usage and the rate of antibiotic consumption.ResultsChemicals are used most frequently and account for 60%~ 70%, followed by oral agents of proprietary Chinese medicine. The results also show increased consumption of Chinese medicine injections (χ2 = 28.428, P < 0.01). The top 3 chemical medicines consumed were anti-infective drugs (12.92%), cardiovascular system drugs (11.61%), and digestive system drugs (8.42%). For Chinese traditional medicine, the top 3 drugs consumed were internal medicine drugs (66.03%), surgical drugs (8.45%), and gynaecological drugs (7.70%). The total sales amounts of drugs covered by medical insurance are at a high level (all above 80%), whereas essential medicines are less than 50% at almost all county-level medical institutions.ConclusionsThis study uncovered the changing tendency of medicine usage under the implementation of the reform. Chinese medicine injections and anti-infective drugs have always been a sustained concern of pharmacovigilance. It is noteworthy that although essential medicines are advocated for as a priority for use in the government-run hospital, the consumption proportion of these medicines is lower than expected.

Analytical Comparison of An Optimal Replacement Policy for Cold Standby with Priority in Use When Failure and Repair Rates are Uncertain

In this article, we consider the two nonidentical components and one repairman. The failure rate of component 1 is very small as compared to component 2. Hence, the priority is given to component 1. In this study we present a two replacement policies, first based on the number of down times, k of the system such that the long run expected reward per unit time is maximized and second is based on number of failures, N of component 1 such that long run expected reward per unit time is maximized. For the first policy system can be replaced when the number of down times for the system reaches k and for the second policy system can be replaced when number of failure of the component 1 reaches to N. The failure rate and repair rate are uncertain. Triangular fuzzy numbers are used to allow expert opinion, uncertainty and imprecision in information of these parameters. Using $$\alpha $$ -cuts, we get different levels of failure and repair rates. The expression for long run expected reward per unit time for renewal cycle is derived, we present the proposed policies with numerical example and simulation study.

Community Priorities for Hospital-Based Prevention Initiatives: Results From a Deliberating Public.

Internal revenue service provisions require not-for-profit hospitals to provide "community benefit." In addition, the Affordable Care Act requires these hospitals to conduct community health needs assessments that involve appropriate stakeholders. These requirements signal government interest in creating opportunities for developing programs that are well tailored and responsive to the needs of the communities served. Gaining meaningful input from residents is a critical aspect of these processes. To implement public deliberations that explore local resident priorities for use of a hospital's community benefit resources to prevent chronic disease. Public deliberation is a method of community engagement that can provide guidance to decision makers on value-laden issues when technical solutions alone are inadequate to provide direction or set priorities. Three deliberations featuring presentations by experts and discussions among participants were convened with a cross section of residents in Brooklyn, New York. Participants were asked whether new hospital initiatives should prioritize: clinical prevention, community-based interventions, or action on broader policies affecting population health. Pre- and postsurveys, as well as qualitative methods, were used to assess knowledge and attitudes. Postdeliberation, participants had significant changes in knowledge, particularly on the impact of education on health. Participants prioritized community-based and policy interventions over expanding clinical prevention capacity. Public deliberation offers a method to probe informed constituent views of how a hospital can best promote its community's health. Informed local residents felt that hospitals should frame health-promoting activities more broadly than is current practice. Not-for-profit hospitals gain significant tax advantages. Increased insurance rates suggest that some hospitals will experience savings in uncompensated care that can be used to promote health more broadly. Vetting priorities for the use of new resources with informed community members can be accomplished through public deliberation. These results suggest community support for nonclinical approaches to disease prevention.

A New Analytic Method of Cold Standby System Reliability Model with Priority

For different importance of components in equipment system, a cold standby system with two different components is studied when important components enjoy the priority in use and maintenance. Considering the application of exponential distribution, Weibull distribution and other typical distributions in resolving the problems subject to complicated calculation and strict constraints in the past reliability modelling, the highly applicable phase-type (PH) distribution is utilized to describe the life and maintenance time of system components in a unified manner. A system reliability model is built for wider applicability. With the matrix analysis method, expressions are obtained for a number of reliability indicators such as system reliability function, steady-state availability, mean up time and mean down time of system. In the end, examples are presented to verify the correctness and applicability of the model.

Theory and practice of stimulation of innovative processes on the basis of cluster approach

The article presents the characteristics of the innovation process and its basic forms. Been identified as priorities for enhanced innovation process, orientirovanny on the growth of innovative activity of producers and improvement of consumer properties of the product Studied the main stages of the extended forms of the innovation process, methods of its stimulation in foreign countries and possibilities of their use in Russia. The authors investigated the strategy of commercialization of innovations and priorities for use in the Russian clusters under razlichnyh levels of development.

Characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol) films crosslinked by cinnamaldehyde with improved transparency and water resistance

ABSTRACTPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films crosslinked by cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at various concentrations were prepared. Their physicochemical and antibacterial properties were compared with those of uncrosslinked films. The results suggest that the crosslinked films exhibited higher transparency, tensile strength, and elongation at break in a certain CIN concentration range. They also displayed decreased water vapor permeability and water solubility. Although the antibacterial activity of the crosslinked film‐forming solution was less slightly than that of the uncrosslinked film‐forming solution, the crosslinked film‐forming solution still demonstrated strong antibacterial activity when the concentration of CIN was 2% v/v. The aldol condensation reaction between the aldehyde group of CIN and the alcoholic hydroxyl group of PVA was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. By the crosslinking reaction, the heat stability of the crosslinked film was enhanced compared with that of the uncrosslinked film. Meanwhile, a compact, smooth, and continuous cross‐sectional microstructure present in the crosslinked film was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The higher water resistance and transparency gave the crosslinked films priority for use in food packaging. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45324.

Methodological research priorities for data sciences: Report from The International Methodology Consortium for Coded Health Information (IMECCHI)

ABSTRACT&#x0D; ObjectivesThe vast amount of data produced by healthcare systems both structured and unstructured, termed ‘Big Data’ have the potential to improve the quality of healthcare through supporting a wide range of medical and healthcare functions, including clinical decision support, disease surveillance, and population health management. As the field of big data in healthcare is rapidly expanding, methodology to understand and analyze thereby enhancing and optimizing the use of this data is needed. We present priorities determined for future work in this area.&#x0D; ApproachAn international collaboration of health services researchers who aim to promote the methodological development and use of coded health information to promote quality of care and quality health policy decisions known as IMECCHI –proposes areas of development and future priorities for use of big data in healthcare. Thematic areas were determined through discussion of potential projects related to the use and evaluation of both structured /codeable and unstructured health information, during a recent meeting in October 2015&#x0D; ResultsSeveral themes were identified. The top priorities included: 1) electronic medical record data exploration and utilization; 2) developing common data models and multimodal /multi-source databases from disparate sources development; 3) data quality assessment including developing indicators, automated logic checks and international comparisons; 4) the translation of ICD-10 to ICD-11 through field-testing 5) Exploration of non-physician produced/coded data; and 6) Patient safety and quality measure development.&#x0D; ConclusionsA list of expert views on critical international priorities for future methodological research relating to big data in healthcare were determined. The consortium's members welcome contacts from investigators involved in research using health data, especially in cross-jurisdictional collaborative studies.

A systematic review of pain assessment method in children

Background and Purpose: There are various methods for assessment of pain in children, but the priority of use of tools in different circumstances is still unknown to many of the researchers. The aim of this study is to review the methods of pain assessment in children. Materials and Methods: All internal studies conducted in Iran in the past 10 years using the keywords such as pain assessment tools to evaluate pain, utilities pain in children, and ways to measure pain in children of databases including Magiran, MEDLIB, SID, Iranmedex, and databases Latin CINHAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search and data were analyzed using meta-analysis (random effect model). Results: Of the 485 original articles, 33 review articles in the field of pain assessment tools in Iranian children were selected based on inclusion criteria. Various pain assessment tools were used, the most important of which were the most commonly used pain evaluation tools included eight FLACC, CHEOPS, PPPRS, TPPPS, self-report tools including the Wang-Baker FACES and Numerical Rating Scale, physiological criteria, and storytelling, and the report includes Wong-Baker FACES tools and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Conclusion: The criteria Wong-Baker FACES and NRS were used, although emerging standards such as the FLACC are now widely used in the world.

An optimal age-replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system with priority in use and repair

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a cold standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar components and one repairman is studied. Assume that Component 2 after repair is ‘as good as new’ while Component 1 after repair is not, but Component 1 has priority in use and repair. Under these assumptions, using a geometric process, we consider a replacement policy based on Component 1 age T as the system age under which the cold standby system is replaced when the system age reaches T. Our problem is to determine an optimal replacement policy T* such that the average cost rate of the system is minimised. The explicit expression of the average cost rate is derived, the corresponding optimal replacement policy T* can be determined analytically or numerically. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the model developed, and some sensitivity analysis on the optimal solution is also conducted.