Safety Priorities Research Articles

Microbiological risk ranking of foodborne pathogens and food products in scarce-data settings

In the absence of epidemiological, microbiological or outbreak data, systematic identification of the hazards and food products posing the higher risk to the consumers is challenging. It is usually in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), where the burden of foodborne disease is highest that data tend to be particularly scarce. In this study, we propose qualitative risk-ranking methods for pathogens and food products that can be used in settings where scarcity of data on the frequency/concentration of pathogens in foodstuff is a barrier towards the use of classical risk assessment frameworks. The approach integrates the existing knowledge on foodborne pathogens, manufacturing processes and intrinsic/extrinsic properties of food products with key context-specific information regarding the supply chain(s), characteristics of the Food Business Operators (FBOs) and cultural habits to identify: (i) the pathogens that should be considered as a “High” food safety priority and (ii) the food products posing the higher risk of consumer exposure to microbiological hazards via the oral (ingestion) route. When applied to the dairy sector of Andhra Pradesh (India) as a case study, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli , Salmonella spp., S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were identified as a “High” food safety priority across all FBOs. C. sakazakii was identified as a “High” priority for the FBOs producing infant formula/milk powder whilst Shigella spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. a “High” priority when considering the FBOs operating in the unregulated sector. Given the diversity of dairy products considered in the assessment, cluster analysis was used to identify products that shared similar intrinsic/extrinsic features known to drive the microbiological risk. The risk ranking was then done integrating the results of the cluster analysis with context-specific information. Products manufactured/retailed by FBOs in the informal market were considered as posing a “High” risk for the consumers due to a widespread lack of compliance to sanitary regulations. For dairy products produced by FBOs operating in the middle and formal end of the formal-informal spectrum, the risk of consumers exposure to microbiological hazards ranged from “Moderate” to “Extremely low” depending on the FBO and the intrinsic/extrinsic properties of the products. While providing risk estimates of lower precision if compared to data-driven risk assessments, the proposed method maximises the value of the information that can be easily gathered in LMICs and provide informative outputs to support food safety decision-making in contexts where resources to be allocated for prevention of foodborne diseases are limited and the food system is complex. • A method for risk ranking of pathogens/food products in settings where microbiological data is lacking is proposed. • Informed, systematic and transparent food safety decisions can be made in absence of microbiological data. • Sociocultural behaviours & context-specific characteristics of the food chain are major drivers for exposure to microbial hazards

Spatial Heterogeneity of Root Water Conduction Strategies of Zygophyllaceae Plants in Arid Regions of China.

Simple SummaryDesert plants are the main body of species diversity in desert ecosystems and often employ different strategies to adapt to their surrounding environment. In this study, the water conduction strategies of Zygophyllaceae plants along the drought gradient were discussed by dissecting the roots of Zygophyllaceae plants based on their vessel characteristic parameters. The results show that: (1) With the aggravation of drought stress, the water use strategy of Zygophyllaceae plants’ roots changed from safety priority to efficiency priority. (2) The root age of Zygophyllaceae plants increased with temperature, and the growth rate showed a downward trend. (3) Altitude mainly influenced plant growth by affecting the temperature and precipitation of arid habitats. The root xylem anatomical characteristics and life history strategies of Zygophyllaceae plants elaborated in the present study may provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.Desert plants are the main component of species diversity in desert ecosystems, and studying the anatomy and function of desert plant xylem is of great significance for understanding climate sensitivity and adaptation mechanisms to arid ecosystems. In this study, 11 sampling points were selected in the region starting from the Loess Plateau to the Jungar Basin, the taproot anatomy materials of 9 samples of Zygophyllaceae plants were collected, and the water conduction strategies and spatial distribution characteristics of these species were analyzed. The age, growth rate, vessel number, vessel fraction, vessel area within a fixed measurement range (TVA), MVA, water conductivity (TKp, MKp) and vessel diameter ranged between 1 and 27 years, 43.67 and 678.10 μm/year, 20 and 1952, 4.43 and 26.58%, 8009.62 and 192069.12 μm², 27.63 and 2164.33 μm², 0.417 and 364.97 kg m−1 MPa−1 s−1, 0.000624 and 7.60 kg m−1 Mpa−1 s−1, and 5.57 and 73.87 μm, respectively. The number of root vessels (R = 0.27, p > 0.05) of Zygophyllaceae plants decreased with the decrease in precipitation, and the average vessel area (R = −0.28, p > 0.05) and hydraulic diameter (R = −0.29, p > 0.05) showed an upward trend. This shows that the water hydraulic efficiency priority strategy may be adopted in the root system of Zygophyllaceae plants in severe drought stress condition, and the water hydraulic safety priority strategy may be used in mild drought stress conditions. With the increase in temperature, the root age of Zygophyllaceae plants showed an increasing trend, and the growth rate showed a downward trend, indicating that the radial growth of the roots of Zygophyllaceae plants is mainly affected by temperature. Altitude influences plant growth by affecting temperature and precipitation in arid habitats. The findings of the present study on root xylem anatomical characteristics and life history strategies provides a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.

Grading our quality: An academic and community cancer center dashboard.

303 Background: Quality scorecards provide a high-level view of key performance metrics and guide data-driven decision making. Dashboards specific to cancer care have not been widely published. Our goal was to implement a quality dashboard to guide and monitor local improvement efforts at an academic and community cancer center. Methods: With the leadership of a Project Manager and Nursing and Physician Quality Directors of the Cancer Center, and input of key Cancer Center stakeholders, quality metrics across national organizations were evaluated. Metrics were chosen based on their ease of collection and their mapping to institutional priorities of clinical quality, patient safety, access, and financial stability. Additional internal measures and benchmarks were created to capture local improvement efforts. Numerous internal and third-party databases were accessed to extract, analyze and display our data. Additionally, a data dictionary was developed for the measure set. Results: Six months of data from fiscal year 2022 was collected, analyzed, and displayed on 10 core and 3 disease-specific measures for breast (B) and lung (L) cancers. (Breast and lung). As of 5/2022, the measures presented on the dashboard include new patient access, non-template chemotherapy orders, medication harm events, likelihood of recommending practice, preventable admissions and emergency department visits, inpatient mortality, and length of stay, readmission, survivorship care plan (B), return to operating room (L), and adequate lymph node sampling (L). These measures pertain to several of the Institute of Medicine’s domains of healthcare quality: effective, efficient, patient-centered, safe, and timely. Conclusions: Compiling data from multiple sources into a single dashboard may guide Cancer Center leadership in strategic planning and monitoring improvement for ongoing initiatives. The data will be updated quarterly. Future iterations will include more disease specific measures and attempts to build automatic data extraction.

A Longitudinal Study of a Multifaceted Intervention to Reduce Newborn Falls While Preserving Rooming-In on a Mother-Baby Unit

Newborn falls occur when newborns held by caregivers slip from hands or arms and land on another surface. Though injury is rare, The Joint Commission has highlighted newborn falls as a patient safety priority. One hospital sought to reduce newborn falls to fewer than 10 per 10,000 births, to achieve 365 days without a fall, and to reduce injuries from falls to zero, while preserving mother-baby rooming-in. An interprofessional quality improvement team developed and implemented prevention measures after three falls occurred in a two-month period. The team performed root cause analysis (RCA) of events and 10 in-depth chart reviews, and developed and implemented parent education materials, a nursing risk assessment tool and job aid, and a standardized reporting system. Outcomes were measured using statistical process control methods for rare events. In early 2017 the hospital's newborn fall rate increased to 71.8 falls per 10,000 births, with 3 falls occurring in a two-month period. RCA and chart review found sustained prenatal maternal opioid intake in 4 of 10 cases. Mechanism of fall differed by mode of delivery, with more drops by a sleeping caregiver following vaginal deliveries and falls due to maternal trips after cesarean deliveries. After interventions, the fall rate decreased to 15.5 per 10,000 births. Days between falls increased from a low of 9 days to a high of 467 days. No newborn injuries have occurred since early 2017. A series of interventions, including parent education, nursing practices, and attention to physical layout, was associated with reduced newborn falls and elimination of fall-related injuries while preserving rooming-in on a mother-baby unit with many opioid-exposed newborns.

ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ПОСЛЕДИПЛОМНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ КАК СРЕДСТВО ОБУЧЕНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ СЕСТЕР В УСЛОВИЯХ COVID-19

At the present stage of healthcare system development, due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, postgraduate education of specialists with secondary vocational medical education is undergoing significant changes. Nurses are faced with new realities of our time — training on additional professional training programs with the use of distance learning technologies. The use of distance learning in the implementation of the educational process is an effective mechanism of postgraduate education, which contributes to the formation of a high level of general and professional competencies, as well as a productive career model of a medical worker. A characteristics of nurses training in the conditions of COVID-19 was the intensification of the use of distance learning technologies, which ensures the availability of education, creating the opportunity to maintain and improve their professional level regardless of location and at a convenient time, in turn reducing the number of social contacts of students, expanding geographical boundaries, covering a large number of specialists. The specific features of medical education are that the main part of the competencies being improved and formed is inextricably linked with forms of training that requires personal presence, for example, practical manipulations and communication skills. Therefore, to implement the complex of basic characteristics of postgraduate education of secondary medical workers, elements of e-learning and distance learning technologies are introduced and used together with the development of practical skills, using the innovative approach “education–science–practice”, taking into account the modern development of advanced medical science technologies and the priority of patient safety. Distance learning technologies in postgraduate training of medical workers allow us to effectively solve current educational tasks, taking into account the needs of the healthcare system.

Understanding the Role of Job Stress in Safety Climate in a Dairy Industry using Structural Equation Modeling

Background and purpose: The safety climate refers to employees’ perception of safety which can be affected by job-related stress in the workplace. This study aimed to assess the safety climate and investigate the relationship between job stress factors and safety climate dimensions in a dairy industry.
 Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The data was collected using two self-report questionnaires including the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicator tool. After removing the incomplete questionnaires, 164 questionnaires were selected for statistical analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the association of the study variables.
 Results: Most job stress factors and all were correlated to the safety climate dimensions. The highest correlation was detected between job stress factors and dimension of management safety priority, commitment, and competence. Among job stress factors, role (r=0.522, P<0.001) and managerial support (r=0.452, P<0.001) had the highest relationship with this dimension. SEM showed job stress had a significant effect on safety climate (B = 0.52, P < 0.001).
 Conclusion: The job stress dimensions could be effective in the safety climate. Besides, management and peer support as well as high job demands could decrease stress. Thus, improvement of job stress could promote employees’ safety behaviors and improve their perception of the organization’s safety management system.

AUTHOR REPLY

We appreciate the insightful comments and agree that understanding the impact of PE acquisitions on cost, utilization, and quality in urology is critical. It may take years for these assessments to fully mature. In the interim, analyses in other similar healthcare industries have found reasons for both caution and optimism and suggest that there is no uniform strategy employed by investors. In some instances, strategies to maximize profit can be at odds with priorities for cost-effectiveness and safety.

Utilizing a Pediatric Early Warning Tool for Sepsis Screening in a Pediatric Oncology Hospital.

Background: Yearly, 75,000 children develop severe sepsis and 7000 die. Immunocompromising conditions and treatment of patients with malignancy put them at higher risk for sepsis. To reduce mortality, morbidity, and onset of severe sepsis in patients at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, our team joined the Children’s Hospital Association Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes collaborative. Objectives: Build on an existing Pediatric Early Warning Score scoring tool for clinical deterioration to enhance real-time recognition of septic patients to intervene quickly with appropriate tests and treatment. Methods: A multiprofessional team of over 50 staff and family representatives developed St. Jude specific Sepsis Recognition and Treatment Guidelines. Implemented in the inpatient units in January 2019 and outpatient units in January 2020, the guidelines include sepsis screening, team huddles, intervention algorithms, and order sets. Monthly, sepsis screening, huddles, and interventions are reviewed. Evaluated data include number of sepsis huddles, classification of sepsis huddles, use of order sets, nurse and provider documentation and disposition of patients. Based on data review, SBARs, education, reminders for staff, and numerous PDSA cycles have been implemented. Results: The number of sepsis huddles has steadily increased from 2019 to 2021 (Fig. 1). Order set usage has increased from 14% in first quarter of 2019 to 62% in second quarter of 2021. The number of sepsis-attributable mortalities decreased from 4 in 2017 before sepsis guideline implementation to 0 in 2019 and 2020 (a decrease of 100%). Number of hospital days to treat sepsis declined, patients had fewer days on a ventilator, fewer days on vasoactive medications, and fewer days in the ICU. Identification and treatment of severe sepsis or septic shock cases increased from four in 2018 before implementation to 18 in 2020 (Fig. 2). For sepsis STAT cases in 2019 and 2020, respectively, the sepsis screening tool utilization increased from 93% to 100% (goal, 85%), sepsis huddles were activated in 93% and 100% (goal, 85%), order set utilization increased from 0 to 38% (goal, 85%), time to first IV fluid bolus was 34 and 47 minutes (goal, 20 minutes), and time to first IV antibiotic administration improved from 62 minutes to 44 minutes (goal, 60 minutes). Conclusions: Improving pediatric sepsis outcomes is an on-going quality and patient safety priority for our hospital. We demonstrated that Pediatric Early Warning Score plus screening tool can be successfully utilized in a high-volume pediatric oncology hospital to quickly identify patients with potential sepsis. Early identification and prompt management of sepsis have proven to decrease morbidity and mortality in pediatric hematology, oncology, and transplant patients. Disclosure The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article.Figure 1.: Quarterly number of sepsis huddles, sepsis algorithm category, and percent of huddles where order sets were used.Figure 2.: Number of sepsis cases and sepsis-attributable mortalities in 2017 - 2020.

Variation in detected adverse events using trigger tools: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Adverse event (AE) detection is a major patient safety priority. However, despite extensive research on AEs, reported incidence rates vary widely. This study aimed: (1) to synthesize available evidence on AE incidence in acute care inpatient settings using Trigger Tool methodology; and (2) to explore whether study characteristics and study quality explain variations in reported AE incidence. Systematic review and meta-analysis. To identify relevant studies, we queried PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and three journals in the patient safety field (last update search 25.05.2022). Eligible publications fulfilled the following criteria: adult inpatient samples; acute care hospital settings; Trigger Tool methodology; focus on specialty of internal medicine, surgery or oncology; published in English, French, German, Italian or Spanish. Systematic reviews and studies addressing adverse drug events or exclusively deceased patients were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Our main outcome of interest was AEs per 100 admissions. We assessed nine study characteristics plus study quality as potential sources of variation using random regression models. We received no funding and did not register this review. Screening 6,685 publications yielded 54 eligible studies covering 194,470 admissions. The cumulative AE incidence was 30.0 per 100 admissions (95% CI 23.9-37.5; I2 = 99.7%) and between study heterogeneity was high with a prediction interval of 5.4-164.7. Overall studies' risk of bias and applicability-related concerns were rated as low. Eight out of nine methodological study characteristics did explain some variation of reported AE rates, such as patient age and type of hospital. Also, study quality did explain variation. Estimates of AE studies using trigger tool methodology vary while explaining variation is seriously hampered by the low standards of reporting such as the timeframe of AE detection. Specific reporting guidelines for studies using retrospective medical record review methodology are necessary to strengthen the current evidence base and to help explain between study variation.

Assess the Execution Engineer’s Safety Culture at Workplaces

bstract: In many nations, the construction sector plays an integral role in social and economic development. Construction site safety is a key concern in both industrialised and developing countries. The Indian construction sector suffers from inadequate safety and health conditions due to a lack of safety regulations and a lack of awareness of workplace hazards. The goal of this study is to evaluate the safety culture among site engineers in the construction industry. This goal will be accomplished by achieving the following objectives. To begin, list the components and variables that affect safety culture. Second, assess the safety culture of the site's engineer in the construction industry and finally, build a framework to improve the safety culture in the construction industry. To achieve these goals, the research was grouped into three categories: literature review, questionnaire survey, and final verification of results. Data was gathered via a standardised questionnaire that was distributed to 50 site engineers. During the procedure, all completed questionnaires got a 100% response rate. Management commitment, safety priority, safety rules, physical work environment, and personal appreciation risk are among the five components of safety culture that site engineers have a favourable perception of. Furthermore, the finding showed that if top management wants to strengthen and maintain a safety culture, they must make it a top priority, as well as analyse accident causes, inspect safety preparations, and teach personnel at the start of a new project. The focus of the research is to suggest to individuals and other stakeholders in the construction sector in order to improve the safety culture of site engineers

Protocol for a pregnancy registry of maternal and infant outcomes in Uganda –The PREPARE Study

Background: Pregnancy is associated with complications which must be differentiated from adverse events associated with the administration of vaccines during pregnancy both in clinical trials and post licensure surveillance. The frequency of pregnancy related complications varies significantly by geographical location and the prevalence of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes are poorly documented in most low-resource settings. In preparation for Group B Streptococcus maternal vaccination trials, we describe a protocol for a pregnancy register at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda to describe pregnancy maternal and infant outcomes. Methods: The study has two components. Firstly, an active, prospective surveillance cohort consisting of pregnant women in their first or second trimester recruited and followed up through their hospital scheduled antenatal visits, delivery and their infants through their extended programme of immunisation visits until 14 weeks of age. Data on obstetric and neonatal outcomes defined by the Brighton Collaboration Global Alliance of Immunisation Safety Assessment in Pregnancy criteria will be collected. Secondly, a passive surveillance cohort collecting data through routine electronic health records on all women and infants attending care at KNRH. Data will be collected on vaccinations and medications including antiretroviral therapy received in antenatal clinic and prior to hospital discharge. Discussion: Conducting vaccine research in resource-limited settings is essential for equity and to answer priority safety questions specific to these settings. It requires improved vaccine safety monitoring, which is especially pertinent in maternal vaccine research. During a trial, understanding the epidemiology and background rates of adverse events in the study population is essential to establish thresholds which indicate a safety signal. These data need to be systematically and reliably collected. This study will describe rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of 4,000 women and infants and any associated medications or vaccines received at a new vaccine trial site in Uganda.

Availability assessment of a nuclear reactor limitation system by a Timed Petri Net

The constant evolution of instrumentation and control systems (I & C) of nuclear power plants requires a robust reliability assessment, due to the constant interaction between different systems that are demanded under normal operating, transient or accident conditions. Several methodologies have been developed to model the reliability of digital I & C systems and their dynamic behavior to better model the interaction between several equipment. In nuclear power plant design, many I & C systems work together according to priority scales and safety importance. In some designs, a Reactor Limitation System (RLS) has an important function to preserve equipment during transients and because of this, it is classified as safety related. After discussing pros and cons of the available tools for the analysis (including failure mode definition and quantitative data gathering), this paper evaluates the application of a timed Petri net to simulate RLS functions of an analog I & C design with timing on transitions. The reason for doing so is because it is possible in this model to represent the response time of components, maintenance time and periodic test behavior besides the interactions mentioned above.The results for three scenarios modeled by a timed Petri net indicate an RLS availability between 87.38% and 99.99% based on pressure transmitter, pressurizer spray valves and heater features (like component response time, failure characterization, maintenance and periodic test). The results of this work indicate that a timed Petri net can better evaluate the model of pressurizer pressure control by an RLS classified, actually, as an analog system that can be digitalized around the plant lifetime. Two importance risk metrics, namely, Risk Reduction Worth (RRW) and Risk Achievement Worth (RAW) were applied to identify the contributions for safety function failure of each type of RLS component.

Human-Centered Automation: Codetermining New Technology in an Innovative Mining Company

Underground mining is transforming rapidly, driven by pressures to increase safety and productivity. New mining technologies and methods move the industry to higher levels of automation, enabled by and leading to organizational change. Swedish mining companies are at the forefront of these developments. Here, we present findings from a qualitative case study on how novel mining technologies and algorithmic systems are codetermined and regulated by unions and management at the Swedish mining and minerals company Boliden AB. The company has a strong local union presence and cooperative union-management relationships. We interview employer and employee representatives, study local codetermination protocols and other relevant documents, as well as legislated and collectively bargained regulations set outside the firm. Our analysis attempts to answer how and why the implementation of key technologies are codetermined and regulated. Our findings highlight union concerns about surveillance software, union and management concerns about occupation-specific tasks being reshuffled or automated, mutual (employer-union) agreement on safety and productivity priorities, and challenges relating to skill shortages and training. Collective bargaining on these and other issues rests on the five-tier governance and regulatory structure of the Swedish industrial relations system, which provides unions with holdup capacity and enforcement capabilities. Hence, the employer is incentivized to share information and deliberate with unions about technological implementation. Our empirical and theoretical contributions provide insights on how future of work challenges can be solved at the local level through negotiation, and highlight the multi-tiered institutional framework that allocates holdup power, and thus voice, to local parties.

Analyzing Relationship between Safety Climate and Safety Leadership in a Phosphoric Acid Industry

Introduction: Safety-based leadership style has a positive relationship with the workplace safety climate in a company. Transactional leadership has a direct positive relationship with work safety participation and has an indirect relationship with work safety climate. In a phosphoric acid industry especially in 2019, the achievement of sulfuric acid production decreased from 2019 to 2020. The gap range was caused by leadership factors. This study has an objective to analyze the overview of safety climate based on safety leadership in the phosphoric acid industry. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional quantitative survey. The respondents comprised of 44 personnel. The independent factors in this investigation were the dimensions of leadership style and the dependent variable in this study wasthe condition of the work safety climate in each work group in the creation unit. The analysis used NOSACQ-50 radar plot analysis. Results: Of all perceptions of consideration leadership style, eitherin the high, very high, or enough categories, the dimension of work safety justice had the lowest score. The highest dimension of work safety climate was in the dimension of management safety priority and ability, especially in the perception of a high and very high initiating structure leadership style. Conclusion: A very high perception of the consideration leadership style had a work safety climate that had a higher score when compared to the high and sufficient perception. The highest dimension of work safety climate was in the dimensions of management safety priority and ability, especially in the perception of a high and very high initiating structure leadership style.

Creating A Safer Workplace: What Role for CEOs, Boards, And Regulators?

Neglected so far from management studies on workplace safety is the role of executives (e.g., CEOs and TMTs), boards, and regulators. CEOs and executives are likely to influence safety priorities throughout their companies, albeit indirectly, via other groups of organizational actors (Tucker et al., 2016), for example, depending on the extent to which their speeches focus on efficiency and cost control (Amernic et al., 2013), or on how powerful they are relative to other executives on the board (Haga et al., 2021). Boards of directors, who increasingly agree that workplace safety falls under their responsibility (Ebbevi et al., 2021), may influence product safety and culture through decisions such as the appointment of a named health and safety director (Wright et al., 2006), the monitoring of safety key performance indicators (KPIs), and the inclusion of such KPIs in CEOs compensation contracts (Bradley et al., 2021) as well as by monitoring and advice giving (Ebbevi et al., 2021). As the research on political CSR shows, companies also interact with, influence, and sometimes substitute for government responsibilities (Matten et al., 2020; Ozcan et al., 2018), raising the strategic question of how regulation and regulators affect firms’ workplace safety initiatives and results – all of which trickle down from the top to other organizational layers (Lornudd et al., 2021). By showcasing studies that investigate the role of CEOs, boards, and regulators on workplace safety, our symposium hopes to stimulate additional strategy research (particularly on the role of upper echelons) on workplace safety – and on social responsibility along the supply chain more broadly. With almost two million people dying around the globe each year from exposure to workplace risk factors (WHO/ILO Report, 2021), we aim to show how C-suite executives, boards of directors, and regulators may play a more central role in leading their corporations to create safer workplaces for workers and society – addressing the central theme of the Academy of Management’s 2022 conference. To embrace diversity of thoughts, we invited a highly accomplished group of scholars from Europe and the US across multiple disciplines, including strategic decision making, corporate social responsibility, operations and supply chain management, and organizational behavior. This diversity allows us to examine in-depth how we could create a safer working environment based on experiences from multiple countries and including theoretical lenses. CEOs, Corporate Culture, and Workplace Safety Presenter: Jesper Haga; Hanken School of Economics Presenter: Fredrik Huhtamäki; Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå U. Presenter: Dennis Sundvik; Hanken School of Economics Presenter: Timmy Thor; Hanken School of Economics Workplace Safety After Product Recalls: A Learning Advantage to Board Diversity Presenter: Yoon S. Son; U. of Notre Dame Presenter: Corinne A. Post; Villanova U. Presenter: Katie S. Wowak; U. of Notre Dame Presenter: Veronica Haydee Villena; W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State U. Rob Peter to Pay Paul? The Role of Board Reforms in Workplace Safety Presenter: Dennis Wajda; U. of Miami Presenter: Wei Shi; U. of Miami Do Regulatory Inspections Make Operational Workers Safer? Presenter: Mary Parkinson; U. College Dublin Presenter: Mark Pagell; U. College Dublin Presenter: Anthony Veltri; - Presenter: John Gray; Ohio State U. Presenter: Frank Wiengarten; ESADE Business School

Health and Economic Burden of Seven Foodborne Diseases in Denmark, 2019.

We ranked seven foodborne pathogens in Denmark on the basis of their health and economic impact on society in 2019. We estimated burden of disease of infections with Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, norovirus, and hepatitis A virus in terms of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and economic burden in terms of direct and indirect health costs. These seven pathogens accounted for 268,372 cases, 98 deaths, and 3121 DALYs, and led to a total expenditure of 434 million Euro in 1 year in a country with 5.8 million citizens. Foodborne infections by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and norovirus caused the most DALYs, whereas Campylobacter, and norovirus and STEC had the higher costs. A combination of disease burden and cost of illness estimates is useful to inform policymaking and establish food safety priorities at the national level.

Analyzing the factors determining the effectiveness of the international safety management code applied on ships through the fuzzy DEMATEL method

The sustainability of maritime trade and the marine environment is related to the safe management and operation of ships. Thus, ISM Code was enforced to ensure the safety management and operation of ships and prevent sea pollution. This study seeks to reveal the importance levels of the factors determining the effectiveness of the ISM Code and to identify their causal relationships. Through the fuzzy DEMATEL method to examine the data obtained from safety and quality experts, and seafarers, it aims to analyze whether the effectiveness of the ISM Code differs by ship types and land-based personnel and seafarers. All participants consider “management’s efforts to strengthen the ISM system” (C2) as the most important factor. Moreover, this study reveals that the factors of “management’s safety priority and commitment” (C1) and (C2) that determine the effectiveness of the ISM system are in the group of affecting factors. Identifying the factors increasing the effectiveness of the ISM Code, and revealing their causal relationships, this study adds to the literature. This study is important as it explores the need of managements to prioritize safety, to strengthen commitment and systems for an effective ISM Code, ensuring safe management of ships, and prevention of sea pollution.

Prediction of rupture and perforation limits of pressurised X80 pipelines using BP neural networks and generalised additive models

Impact resistance of in-service pressurised X80 pipelines is one of the top safety priorities in the petrochemical industry. Based on impact limits, including the rupture and perforation limits, the failure threshold can be identified and the impact resistance of target structures can be assessed. In this study, backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs) and generalised additive models (GAMs) were developed to predict the rupture and perforation limits of pressurised X80 pipelines. First, an explicit dynamic model was established to provide comprehensive training datasets considering the effects of various dominant parameters. Interdependencies between the impact limits and various dominant parameters were analysed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, BPNN models optimised by the backpropagation algorithm and neuron numbers were trained to predict the impact limits. Based on the optimal smooth functions and smoothing coefficients, the GAMs then provided two integrated regression functions for impact limits. Finally, the predictive stabilities of the BPNN and GAM on impact limits were discussed using a random dataset. The BPNNs and GAMs were in a strong agreement with the expectations, and the predictive accuracy of the BPNNs was approximately three times that of GAMs. The findings of this study can be used as guidelines for protection design and risk assessment of pressurised X80 pipelines.

The Safety Culture Among the Employees of the Operational Units of South Zagros Oil & Gas Production Company, Iran

Background: Safety plays a significant role in the oil & gas industries, where there are many risk factors that can cause accidents. This study aims to evaluate the level of safety culture among the employees of the operational units of South Zagros Oil & Gas Production Company (SZOGPC). Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a standardized safety culture questionnaire with 50 items and five domains of education, workplace, safety priority, information exchange, and management commitment was used. All employees in the operational units of the SZOGPC were selected as samples (n=260). They answered the questions based on Five-point Likert scales. After collecting the data, their were entered into SPSS software, v. 23. Results: The mean safety culture score in Parsian operational unit was higher than in other operational units. The lowest level of safety culture was related to the operational unit of Sarkhun & South Gashu. The Mean±SD of total safety culture score was 19.03±0.248. Among the safety culture domains, safety priority had the highest score, while the workplace had the lowest score. Conclusion: The safety culture among the employees of the operational units of the SZOGPC is at moderate level. The managers of this company should improve the safety culture among their employees; a positive and high safety culture among employees can facilitate the organization’s movement to achieve higher safety standards.

THE EFFECT OF DRIVER SAFETY PRIORITY ON SLEEPY DRIVING BEHAVIOR: LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Driver safety priority is among the factors that affect the sleepy driving behavior of truck drivers. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of truck drivers' driver safety priority on sleepy driving behavior with linear and non-linear models. Two hypotheses have been developed within the scope of the research. The sample area consists of 399 Turkish truck drivers. Surveys were collected face to face and online between January 2022 and April 2022. The sample area has been determined by simple random method. "Driver safety priority" and "Sleepy driving behavior" scales is used, which is tested for reliability and validity. Simple regression analysis has been performed for the linear model. In the selection of non-linear models, curve estimation models have been tested. The “Power” estimation model has been determined as the best model. According to the research findings, driver safety priority has a negative and significant effect on sleepy driving behavior in both linear and non-linear models. In addition, it has been determined that there is no significant difference between the percentages of explanation of linear and non-linear models. It has also been determined that the coefficient of the driver safety priority of the linear model on sleepy driving behavior is higher than the non-linear model. Based on the empirical findings, implications for both managers and drivers have been presented.