Innovation Priorities Research Articles

КРОК УПЕРЕД І ДВА НАЗАД – ДЕКЛАРАЦІЇ ТА РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ РОЗВИТКУ НАУКИ, ІННОВАЦІЙ ТА ВИСОКОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ

Сформульовано особливості здійснюваної в Україні політики розвитку науки, інновацій та високотехнологічного виробництва. Визначено, що пролонгація фінансово-економічних умов до відтворення власного виробництва без активізації інноваційної діяльності чи придбання інноваційних технологій зумовлює скорочення вітчизняними підприємствами випуску інноваційної продукції. Сьогодні впровадження нових науково-технічних розробок і технологічних рішень, які базуються на результатах вітчизняних наукових досліджень, відбувається в умовах домінування в Україні звуженого формату відтворення сфери науки та інновацій.Виконано міжнародний порівняльний аналіз результативності України протягом 1996–2016 рр. з аналогічними параметрами розбудови науки і високих технологій у країнах Східної та Західної Європи, Східної та Південно-Східної Азії, Північної Америки. Обгрунтовано, що Україна є єдиною серед цих країн, яка використала попередній 20-річний період власної розбудови не для збільшення фінансових асигнувань у розвиток вітчизняної науки і посилення її кадрового потенціалу, а навпаки – для їх зменшення. Встановлено, що пріоритетні напрями розбудови вітчизняних високих технологій – авіабудування та фармацевтика, на які у структурі українського високотехнологічного виробництва припадає, відповідно, 48,7% і 43,7%, – на світовому ринку вимірюються 0,1% і 0,04%. Це однозначно свідчить про реальний невисокий рівень дієвості статусу інноваційного пріоритету як у державній політиці інноваційного розвитку економіки, так і в економічній політиці держави в цілому.На підставі результатів порівняльного аналізу динаміки розвитку наукової галузі, сектору високих технологій, знаннєвих послуг і переробної промисловості зроблено висновок про те, що пройдений країною попередній етап національного економічного становлення на сьогодні призвів до ситуації, коли бажаними орієнтирами перспективного періоду розбудови України стають показники інноваційного розвитку економіки 1990-х років.

Integrated Framework of Growth Management for Identification of Service Innovation Levels and Priorities

Growth management depends on an accurate understanding of an organizations’ current situation within the market in which it operates. Literature indicates that there is still inefficiency in quantitatively diagnosing the driving factors of service innovation and growth management. The purpose of this research is to identify the levels and priorities of sustainable growth management strategies with detailed measurements for industrial service innovation. The research focuses on the construction industry as the case context to scrutinize and compare various indexes and policy platforms for the evaluation of service innovation and the development of a diagnostic framework. The paper further identified the developmental obstacles of service innovation from 585 survey responses from construction enterprise representatives from Shanghai, Beijing and Xi’an in China, using average score method and entropy weight method. The data analysis identified the service innovation level and development priorities for the enterprises can assist in determining sustainable service innovation paths. The research then combined the competitive advantage characteristics method using a cluster analysis to develop a growth management framework of service innovation in the construction industry. The research results indicated that the majority of analyzed enterprises were in the second phase of their development, with clear policy opportunities for increasing levels of service innovation. However, the results also indicate the majority of sample enterprises were not encouraging the efforts of employees to strive for innovation and were lacking appropriate investment funding towards service-related innovation. These two weaker aspects offer a starting point for firm-level managers to consider when aiming to improving service innovation. The paper contributes by advancing the quantitative evaluation of growth management policies for service innovation. Furthermore, it provides possible measures for improving service innovation with particular emphasis on service innovation in project-based construction enterprises. Finally, it offers a practical diagnostic tool to improve industry level growth via increased service innovation.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМНИХ ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗКІВ У ВИСОКОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ СЕКТОРАХ: КЛАСТЕРНО-МЕРЕЖЕВИЙ ПІДХІД

In current conditions the national security increasingly depends on the processes of development and transfer of high techno logies that affect the level of its socio-economic development and are determined by the effectiveness of identifying innovative priorities and developing an international strategy. This necessitates the development of theoretical foundations and practical recommendations on the participation of countries in the processes of development of high technologies in the global innovation system, taking into account national security and development strategy. The article is devoted to the analysis of peculiarities of high-tech sectors development and the features of innovative linkages between them. The conceptual bases of creating clusters in high-tech sectors based on the system integration approach are proposed and the main advantages of this approach are determined. An algorithm for determining the development options for certain inter-branch clusters, taking into account the international component of national security, has been developed. It is proved, that Ukraine needs to create clustered network structures in order to integrate into the world of innovation space, expand its development and attract new technologies. In this case the fundamental objectives of intersectoral clusters development of on a network basis were identified. In was shown, that the effectiveness of high-tech industries development in order to achieve international competitiveness and national security can be ensured through the use of tools for stimulating interactions (accounting and analytical support, marketing) and an evolutionary strategy, that involves the development of intersectoral relationships based on international clusters, that evolve under globalization in a virtual form for the selection of organizational and technological resources and their integration through information technology. REFERENCES Bartenev V.I. Svjazka “bezopasnost’-razvitie” v sovremennyh zapadnyh issledovanijah: ot dekonstrukcii k kontekstualizacii. Mezhdunarodnye processy. 2015. T. 13. No. 3 (42): 78—97 [in Russian]. Ursul A.D., Romanovich A.L. Bezopasnost’ cherez ustojchivoe razvitie. URL: http://spkurdyumov.ru/economy/bezopasnostcherez-ustojchivoe-razvitie/ [in Russian]. Bartosh A.A. Strategija vzaimodejstvija modelej obespechenija mezhdunarodnoj i nacional’noj bezopasnosti. 2017. URL: http://nic-pnb.ru/vojny-konflikty-voennoe-stroitelstvo/strategiya-vzaimodejstviya-modelej-obespecheniyamezhdunarodnoj-i-natsionalnoj-bezopasnosti/ [in Russian]. Hanova A.A., Hortonen A.S., Paramzina L.V. Sistemnye vzaimosvjazi strategicheskogo upravlenija i modelirovanija social’no-jekonomicheskih sistem na osnove sbalansirovannoj sistemy pokazatelej. Vestn. Astrahan. gos. tehn. un-ta. Ser. upravlenie, vychisl. tehn. inform. 2014. No. 2: 109—116 [in Russian]. Sheresheva M.Ju. Formy setevogo vzaimodejstvija kompanij. M.: Izdatel’skij dom VShJe, 2010 [in Russian]. Prokopenko O.V., Omelianenko V.A. Mizhnarodnyi faktor zabezpechennia tekhnolohichnoi bezpeky derzhavy. V kn.: Ekonomichna bezpeka derzhavy: mizhdystsyplinarnyi pidkhid: kolektyvna monohrafiia. Za nauk. red. d-ra ekon. nauk, prof. Ye.V. Khlobystova. Cherkasy, 2013 [in Ukrainian]. Omelyanenko V.A. General framework for strategical aspect of national innovation security analytics. Managing economic growth: marketing, management, and innovations. 1st ed. Eds. Illiashenko, S.M., Strielkowski W. Prague Institute for Qualification Enhancement: Prague, 2016. Omelyanenko V.A., Volodin D.V. Basics of technological systems analysis based on neural networks. Economic Processes Management: International Scientific E-Journal. 2017. № 2. URL: http://epm.fem.sumdu.edu.ua/download/2017_2/epm2017_2_4.pdf Omelyanenko V. Innovation priorities optimization in the context of national technological security ensuring. Marketing and management of innovations. 2016. № 4: 226—234. Omelianenko V.A. Mizhnarodnyi transfer vysokykh tekhnolohii ta natsionalna bezpeka: tendentsii, vyklyky, perspektyvy: monohrafiia. Sumy: Trytoriia, 2017 [in Ukrainian]. Omelianenko V. A. Stratehichni aspekty zabezpechennia synerhii innovatsiinykh priorytetiv. Stratehiia ekonomichnoho rozvytku Ukrainy. 2017. No. 40: 58—67 [in Ukrainian].

Innovation in regulated electricity distribution networks: A review of the effectiveness of Great Britain's Low Carbon Networks Fund

Introduced in 2010, the Low Carbon Networks Fund (LCNF) was a major development in the regulatory regime for electricity distribution networks in Great Britain, yet evaluation of its design and implementation has been limited. This paper examines the type and quality of innovation arising from the LCNF. Novel frameworks for assessing innovation project activity and learning are presented and results from their application to the LCNF are discussed. Reduction of uncertainty through the production of high quality evidence is argued to be the primary purpose of innovation project funding support. The analysis of LCNF project activity finds a step change in Research Development & Demonstration (RD&D) spend and stakeholder engagement by network licensees in Britain; however, the innovation observed was considered to be conservative and incremental in nature. It was found that the LCNF lacked a strategic approach to targeted learning and the reduction of uncertainty for innovation priority areas. Project learning outputs were contradictory and inconclusive for several innovations. Strategic learning should be a core part of policy makers’ design of innovation funding mechanisms for energy technology, and a framework for shaping, capturing and assessing the learning outputs of funded innovation projects is essential.

Smart by Oneself? An Analysis of Russian Regional Innovation Strategies within the RIS3 Framework

Less than a decade since its official introduction, smart specialization, which guides the selection of priorities for innovative development, has proven to be a far-reaching academic idea and political instrument. In the European Union, smart specialization is mentioned among ex ante conditions for receiving subsidies from European structural and investment funds. Its core principles are considered in innovation strategies in Australia, South Korea, and some countries of Latin America. In Russia, smart specialization is also being introduced in the agenda of policymakers.The paper seeks to reveal which levels of governance should be involved in the design of a smart specialization strategy and which factors should be the focus of attention when using this approach. The research is based upon an analysis of the innovation strategies of seven Russian regions, conducted with the adapted RIS3 Self-Assessment Wheel.The results of the study empirically confirm that most principles of smart specialization are considered, at least formally, in the traditional innovation strategies of Russian regions. At the same time, without common rules for the selection, verification, and synchronization of innovative priorities as well as a single analytical database, organizational support, and expertise, even regions considered strong innovators fail to find their smart specialization.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF POULTRY FARMING: PROBLEMS AND PRIORITIES

the article shows the need to develop an innovation policy for the implementation of innovative priorities of the meat poultry industry, the priority directions of the industry in terms of import substitution, the conditions for the preservation of positive trends in the development of poultry enterprises, the negative aspects that affect the value indicators of domestic production.

Reclaiming food security in the Mohawk community of Kahnawà:ke through Haudenosaunee responsibilities.

Indigenous Peoples are reclaiming their food security, nutrition, and well-being by revitalizing food systems, livelihoods, knowledge-systems, and governance. Our food security research is guided by sustainable self-determination that focuses on restoring Indigenous cultural responsibilities and relationships to land, each other, and the natural world (Corntassel, 2008). Our Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) research team from Kahnawà:ke, in Quebec, Canada, examines food insecurity experiences in our community to explore ways of upholding our Haudenosaunee responsibilities and enhancing local food security. We collaboratively designed the study and interviewed Kahnawakehró:non (people from the Kahnawake community) with traditional knowledge, extensive community experience, and interests in food and culture. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed by the team. Analysis characterized food insecurity experiences and conditions that challenge and enable food security with attention to traditional food systems, relationships to land, and gender-related responsibilities. Findings show that communal responsibilities generate resilient strategies that provide for all in times of crisis, and long-term food insecurity is managed through social programs, organized charities, and family support. Enhancing food security involves healing and protecting a limited land-base for food production, integrating food production with community priorities for education, training, health, economic development, and scientific innovation. Nurturing spiritual connections with tionhnhéhkwen (life sustaining foods), the natural world, and each other calls for accelerated teaching and practicing our original instructions. Challenges in developing food security leadership, balancing capitalism and subsistence economies, and strengthening social relationships are rooted in the historical colonial and current settler-colonial context that disrupts all aspects of Kanien'kehá:ka society.

INFORMATION, QUALITY MANAGEMENT, ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT: COMMON TASKS AND SOLUTIONS

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The principal aspects of existing approaches to management of organization, dominants of its sustainable development, allowing to form new additional competences for a specialist, to form a theoretical and practical basis for training of an engineer manager are considered. The generality of the accompanying tasks, solutions and synergy of their implementation are declared in the system of priorities of Total Quality Management (TQM) and modern innovation and communication technologies on the example of large, structurally heterogeneous, logistically complex infrastructural systems of the transport industry. The authors set a goal to show why these provisions acquire special significance precisely for infrastructure transport and logistics structures, where the price of risk, error, insufficient protection of information is too great. Keywords: transport, logistics, quality management, information, security, engineering management.

Hacia una arquitectura pragmática. El caso de Tous y Fargas

<p>Tous & Fargas were a unique case in the field of Spanish architecture of the second half of the 20th century. From the technical and industrial experimentation of their first works, they developed a nonconformist architecture within the realistic conditions characteristic of the time, propitiated by the economic, political and social context. Despite of this, they achieved a remarkable success carrying out designs of technological type and giving support to the industrial innovation of constructive systems. However, during the last stage of their collaboration, traits characteristic of the pragmatic drift are visible to which much of the architecture of the last quarter of the 20th century was subjected. The excess of mercantile concern for the real estate product, the excessive systematization of the typological models and the constructive systems, the lack of a consistent theoretical discourse or the abandonment of the technical investigation as a priority of innovation are some of the symptoms that characterize the pragmatic architecture of their latest works<em>.</em></p>

Ханчжоуский консенсус: наследие для Китая, «Группы двадцати» и мира

China took over the G20 2016 presidency from Turkey during a period of subdued economic activity and diminished global growth. Growth in China was expected to slow to 6.3 percent in 2016 and 6.0 percent in 2017, primarily reflecting weaker investment growth as the economy continued to rebalance. Acknowledging that lower growth rates have become the “new normal”, the Chinese leadership set the annual target growth rate for China at no less than 6.5 percent in its 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020). The Plan redefined China’s development paradigm, de-emphasizing speed in favor of quality based on innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing. This vision constituted the foundation of China’s concept and priorities for the G20 presidency. The article reviews themain outcomes of the Chinese G20 presidency, focusing on major results which reflect China’s priorities for domestic development and international cooperation. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis of the G20 2016 documents and the documents of international organizations, the author highlights the key decisions made at the Hangzhou summit and trends in G20 engagement with international institutions.The findings indicate that the Chinese presidency’s priorities of development, innovation and trade received unprecedented attention, with development reaching an almost 43% share in the discourse (compared to the average of 15% for the eleven summits), innovation rising tenfold to about 7% (compared to 0.75% for the eleven summits) and trade peaking to 7.3% (compared to the average rate of 2.8%). At 2.2%, the share of the G20 discourse dedicated to the environment was higher than the overall average (1.42%) and higher than at any other summit except Cannes and Los Cabos. While energy issue-related discourse (about 4%) ranked lower than for Brisbane and Antalya, the metric was comparable to the average for the period (3.4%). Discussion dedicated to economic issues (25%) was close to the average for the period (27%). In line with the historical trend, the share of finance issues in the G20 discourse continued to decline, reflecting the G20’s role in the division of labor with regards to the regulation of financial markets.The intensity of G20 engagement with international organizations was higher than the average since the Washington summit. The choice of organizations was defined by the presidency’s priorities and established trends. Given the UN’s role in setting Sustainable Development Goals, and China’s commitment to the UN as the central element of a fair and peaceful multilateral system, it came as no surprise that the intensity of references to the UN was twice as high as the average for G20 summits and significantly higher than in any other summit. A similar trend was observed with respect to the WTO and UNCTAD. The G20’s reliance on OECD expertise continued to rise. The intensity of G20 engagement with the IMF and the World Bank was slightly lower than during the previous presidencies. Last but not least, China consolidated the G20’s dialogue with engagement groups, most notably with B20 and L20.Drawing on the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the author concludes that China’s G20 presidency contributed to the country’s development priorities, reflected China’s role in the evolving world order, and consolidated the G20’s status as the premier forum for economic cooperation and making globalization work for everyone. The author asserts that China managed to ensure its imprint on future G20 cooperation. First, it did so by integrating innovation, the new industrial revolution and the digital economy into its core agenda, generating 137 commitments to innovative growth and setting up the relevant international mechanisms. Second, with respect to trade and investment, it facilitated development and the adoption of two documents defining guiding principles for global investment policymaking, and promoting inclusive trade and global value chains. Third, under China’s stewardship, the G20 agreed to three action plans on energy cooperation, including Enhancing Energy Access in Asia and the Pacific: Key Challenges and G20 Voluntary Collaboration Action Plan, the G20 Voluntary Action Plan on Renewable Energy, and the G20 Energy Efficiency Leading Program (EELP), making further progress to address energy access, a cleaner energy future, energy efficiency, global energy architecture, energy security, as well as market transparency. Fourth, China advanced further G20 cooperation on development based on the Action Plan of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Fifth, the presidency committed to establish three China-based G20 centers, thus creating opportunities to enhance its influence in the G20 process through an evidence base, research and the exchange of knowledge in key policy areas. China struck a good balance between continuity and innovation regarding the G20 agenda, contributed to its legitimacy and effectiveness through productive engagement with key international organizations and dialogues with the engagement groups, and consolidated the G20’s capacity for direction setting, decision making and delivery.

Analysis of the European CCS Research and Innovation Landscape

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion have more than doubled in the past 40 years. For this reason, a forward-looking approach to carbon capture and storage (CCS) for the power and industrial sectors is considered as critical to reaching the 2050 climate objectives in a cost-effective way and listed among the research and innovation priorities of the Energy Union. The purpose of this paper is to provide an indicator-based description of the CCS research and innovation landscape in Europe. Particular attention is given to the assessment of the consistency of financial flows to R&D and the analysis of specific features of the technological achievements made.

Institutional-synergetic approach in benchmarking of territorial industrial policy

The authors argue that an industrial policy for a territory is a crucial means for its development and suggest theoretical and methodological outline for its benchmarking. The fact of creating priority development areas (PDAs), which are similar to special economic zones, whose inefficiency is now recognized, confirms the suspicion that PDA creation is an outcome of political lobbing rather than economic planning. Governmental efforts on the federal, regional and municipal levels lack consistency. The current economic conditions lead to fierce competition for investment, which makes municipal and regional governments more open to investors, on the one hand, but on the other, may lead to some poor decision-making. The authors argue that in view of the current priorities of technological innovation, coordination of diverse stakeholders’ interests and goals in PDA dynamics, it is imperative to integrate a PDA development strategy into the industrial policy of a territory. Conceptually, this research relies on the institutional-synergetic approach to benchmarking of territorial industrial policies. This approach can help us develop an industrial policy for a specific PDA by building upon this area’s competitive advantages and by evaluating the available alternatives. To improve managerial decision-making, it is also recommended to study and adopt Russian and international experience in this sphere. PDAs should act as self-organizing systems in order to engage institutions and mechanisms of development ‘in the right place at the right time’ and employ tools of synergetic management (‘stimulate trigger points’) for positive synergetic effects.

A road map for leptospirosis research and health policies based on country needs in Latin America

ABSTRACTThis report summarizes the presentations, discussions and the recommendations coming from the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ International Workshop for Leptospirosis Research Based on Country Needs and the 5th Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network meeting, which was held in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 10–12 November 2015. The event focused on health policy and worked to develop a road map as a consensus document to help guide decision-making by policymakers, funding bodies, and health care professionals. The direction that leptospirosis research should take in the coming years was emphasized, taking into account the needs of countries of Latin America, as well as experiences from other world regions, as provided by international experts. The operational concepts of “One Health” and translational research underlaid the discussions and the resulting recommendations. Despite the wide geographic distribution of leptospirosis and its impact in terms of incidence, morbidity, and mortality, leptospirosis is not yet considered a “tool-ready” disease for global initiatives. Surveillance programs need new tools and strategies for early detection, prevention, and follow-up. The major recommendations developed at the Rio meeting cover both health policy and research. The health policy recommendations should be taken into account by decisionmakers, government officials, and the Pan American Health Organization. The priorities for research, technological development, and innovation should be considered by research institutions, universities, and stakeholders.

New directions in research priority-setting: examining mutual responsiveness in the case of RESEARCH2015

The way governments set priorities for research and innovation in Europe is changing. The new focus on responsible research and innovation (RRI) emphasises broader inclusion, increased dialogue, and a focus on societal challenges. The case of RESEARCH2015 in Denmark is one of the first European priority-setting processes to incorporate such criteria. This paper develops a theoretical model to explore how RESEARCH2015 contributes to mutual responsiveness among actors, a main objective of RRI. Studying mutual responsiveness means going beyond the often-stated focus on policy impact to look at the creation of trust, interdependence and mutual understanding among participants. The study finds that mutual responsiveness is an important precondition for priority-setting, but that the process's contribution to mutual responsiveness is limited, due to the limited attention to social impacts. Still, the case of RESEARCH2015 shows that mutual responsiveness is a relevant perspective for understanding social impacts in research priority-setting.

New directions in research priority-setting: examining mutual responsiveness in the case of RESEARCH2015

The way governments set priorities for research and innovation in Europe is changing. The new focus on responsible research and innovation (RRI) emphasises broader inclusion, increased dialogue, and a focus on societal challenges. The case of RESEARCH2015 in Denmark is one of the first European priority-setting processes to incorporate such criteria. This paper develops a theoretical model to explore how RESEARCH2015 contributes to mutual responsiveness among actors, a main objective of RRI. Studying mutual responsiveness means going beyond the often-stated focus on policy impact to look at the creation of trust, interdependence and mutual understanding among participants. The study finds that mutual responsiveness is an important precondition for priority-setting, but that the process's contribution to mutual responsiveness is limited, due to the limited attention to social impacts. Still, the case of RESEARCH2015 shows that mutual responsiveness is a relevant perspective for understanding social impacts in research priority-setting.

ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ: БЕЗПЕКОВИЙ АСПЕКТ

The huge potential of innovations to achieve the goals of sustainable development is indisputable, but at the same time the task of orienting the innovation process to its most problematic areas, which is a threat to national security, arises. This issue is relevant in the context of the formation of mechanisms of interaction between the state, business and society and is an urgent scientific and practical problem. Based on the above, the purpose of the study is to analyze the main components of innovation development strategies in the framework of national strategies for sustainable development. In the study, the author improved the scheme of the relationship between development and security, which is focused on achieving development and security goals through appropriate innovation policies and development management. Taking into account the importance of innovative development, as well as the national characteristics of the relationship between it and the goals of sustainable development, a practical approach to the coherence of innovation policy for sustainable development is proposed. It is determined that for the implementation of the coherence of innovation policy for sustainable development, an analytical component is important, which will link the goals of sustainable development and indicators of the innovation system as the basis for their achievement. To determine the impact of innovative development on the sustainable development of Ukraine, the impact of the indicator of goal 9 on the other 16 goals is determined. The components of the national system «sustainable development – security» are identified and evaluated on the basis of Sustainable Development Report 2019. As prospects for using the developed methodology of institutional innovation (creating institutional conditions for innovative priorities of sustainable development) it is proposed to consider it in the context of achieving sustainable goals development (systematic integration of economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development) at the regional level.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ПРИОРИТЕТЫ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ИНДУСТРИИ ПИТАНИЯ В ПАРАДИГМЕ НОВОГО (ШЕСТОГО) ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УКЛАДА НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ АПК

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ПРИОРИТЕТЫ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ИНДУСТРИИ ПИТАНИЯ В ПАРАДИГМЕ НОВОГО (ШЕСТОГО) ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УКЛАДА НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ АПК

Be Sustainable to Be Innovative: An Analysis of Their Mutual Reinforcement

Sustainable development has attracted the increasing attention of both researchers and practitioners. While academicians and practitioners’ focus towards sustainability has shifted to innovation, there is a need to understand how sustainability and innovation are interlinked. Thus, this paper attempts to analyze, first, the bidirectional impact of the firms’ pursuit of sustainability and innovation as the priority, second, the bidirectional impact of the adoption of sustainability innovation action programs and, third, to discern the bidirectional influence of sustainability and innovation performances. The evidence is drawn from a sample of 860 manufacturing plants in 22 countries from the sixth edition of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey 2013. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling has been employed to test the model. The results show that sustainability and innovation positively and significantly impact each other in terms of the adoption of their relevant action programs and performance. However, the pursuit of sustainability priority acts as an antecedent of innovation priority.

Values and concern: Drivers of innovation in experience-based tourism

This paper contributes to the tourism innovation literature by discussing the role of values and concern as drivers of innovation and sources of differentiation in tourism. A qualitative study of four whale-watching companies in Iceland and Norway shows that businesses in the same industry can differentiate through innovation based on their values and concerns. We have operationalized concern as the enactment of values and found four main foci of concern, as follows: customer, environment, society and business. Each focal point is further broken down into various sub-categories. These concerns result in differing innovation priorities and firm practices in the same industry. Businesses develop innovation profiles that distinguish them from competitors and that can attract like-minded stakeholders for cooperation. The implications for theory and practice are suggested.

INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL CONSULTATIVE NETWORKS AS A FACTOR IN STRENGTHENING THE ECONOMY OF RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE

The article highlights the scientific substantiation of perspective ways of innovative development of national agricultural advisory services in the context of stimulating economic development in rural areas of Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization of power. The study allowed to establish the existing imbalance in the ratio of the main types of agricultural enterprises and agricultural service cooperatives, falling on one advisory service, as well as to determine the causes of significant imbalances in the regional context, the determination of which offers a number of key innovation priorities, activating the integration of education, research, marketing, economic and financial, consulting and other services necessary to provide a complete infrastructure of the economy of rural areas with the potential of basic institutions of NAAS and MES.